肿瘤模型中B7-H4和BTLA的异常表达

目的:通过检测肿瘤组织和肿瘤抗原诱导的小鼠脾脏巨噬细胞B7-H4表达、同时检测荷瘤小鼠T细胞BTLA的表达,以进一步探讨这一对新的负免疫调节分子在肿瘤免疫逃逸机制中的作用。方法:应用RT-PCR检测体外培养肿瘤细胞株3LL和Renca、荷瘤后小鼠肿瘤组织B7-H4mRNA以及荷瘤小鼠T细胞BTLA mRNA表达的改变;应用流式细胞术检测荷瘤小鼠脾脏巨噬细胞和肿瘤可溶性抗原诱导的正常小鼠脾脏巨噬细胞B7-H4表面蛋白表达的改变;应用免疫组化技术检测荷瘤后小鼠肿瘤组织B7-H4表面蛋白表达的改变。结果:在体外培养的肿瘤细胞株3LL和Renca上未检测到B7-H4mRNA的表达,小鼠成瘤后肿瘤组织和脾脏巨噬细胞在mRNA水平和蛋白质水平上均高表达B7-H4。另外荷瘤小鼠的T细胞较正常小鼠T细胞BTLA的表达明显增高。在体外肿瘤抗原刺激下,正常小鼠脾脏巨噬细胞B7-H4表达量明显上升;而用正常同样组织来源抗原刺激时,正常小鼠脾脏巨噬细胞B7-H4表达量未见显著改变。结论:B7-H4和BTLA这对协同刺激分子的异常表达可能在肿瘤逃逸免疫应答过程中起调节作用。     

胃癌中B7-H4和B7-H3的表达及薏苡仁酯对表达的影响

目的：探讨共刺激分子B7-H4和B7-H3在胃癌中的表达,以及薏苡仁酯对这两种分子表达的影响。方法：应用免疫组织化学染色检测胃癌组织中B7-H4蛋白的表达,MTT法检测薏苡仁酯对胃癌细胞株BGC-823的生长抑制效应,RT-PCR检测胃癌组织、胃癌细胞株BGC-823中B7-H4mRNA及B7-H3mRNA的表达,Western Blot检测细胞的B7-H4蛋白及B7-H3蛋白的表达。结果：B7-H4蛋白在80例胃癌组织中有60例阳性表达,阳性率75%。B7-H4蛋白的表达与患者性别、年龄、组织类型、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、病理分期、浸润深度无关（P〉0.05）。在20例胃癌组织中,B7-H4mRNA表达明显高于癌旁正常组织,B7-H3mRNA表达明显低于癌旁正常组织（P〈0.01）。薏苡仁酯可抑制胃癌细胞株BGC-823的生长,呈时间-剂量依赖性,并下调B7-H4 mRNA及蛋白的表达,上调B7-H3mRNA及蛋白的表达（P〈0.01）。结论：B7-H4和B7-H3在胃癌异常的表达,可能是肿瘤免疫逃逸的原因之一;薏苡仁酯可影响胃癌细胞B7-H4、B7-H3的表达。     

胃癌中B7-H4和B7-H3的表达及薏苡仁酯对表达的影响

目的:探讨共刺激分子B7-H4和B7-H3在胃癌中的表达,以及薏苡仁酯对这两种分子表达的影响。方法:应用免疫组织化学染色检测胃癌组织中B7-H4蛋白的表达,MTT法检测薏苡仁酯对胃癌细胞株BGC-823的生长抑制效应,RT-PCR检测胃癌组织、胃癌细胞株BGC-823中B7-H4mRNA及B7-H3mRNA的表达,Western Blot检测细胞的B7-H4蛋白及B7-H3蛋白的表达。结果:B7-H4蛋白在80例胃癌组织中有60例阳性表达,阳性率75%。B7-H4蛋白的表达与患者性别、年龄、组织类型、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、病理分期、浸润深度无关(P>0.05)。在20例胃癌组织中,B7-H4mRNA表达明显高于癌旁正常组织,B7-H3mRNA表达明显低于癌旁正常组织(P<0.01)。薏苡仁酯可抑制胃癌细胞株BGC-823的生长,呈时间-剂量依赖性,并下调B7-H4 mRNA及蛋白的表达,上调B7-H3mRNA及蛋白的表达(P<0.01)。结论:B7-H4和B7-H3在胃癌异常的表达,可能是肿瘤免疫逃逸的原因之一;薏苡仁酯可影响胃癌细胞B7-H4、B7-H3的表达。     

共刺激分子B7-H3在骨肉瘤组织中的表达及临床意义

背景与目的：B7-H3是近年来新发现的协同刺激分子B7家族成员,但目前其在骨肿瘤中的表达及作用机制尚不明确。该研究旨在通过检测人骨肉瘤中B7-H3分子的表达,分析其与患者临床病理因素以及术后生存时间之间的关系。方法：采用免疫组织化学法检测61例人骨肉瘤组织、对应癌旁组织及良性骨肿瘤组织中B7-H3分子的表达以及肿瘤浸润T淋巴细胞的浸润程度。结果：骨肉瘤组织中B7-H3分子表达的阳性率为91.8(56/61),而B7-H3在癌旁及骨纤维结构发育不良组织中几乎不表达。B7-H3分子在骨软骨瘤中表达率为56.8%,但染色强度明显弱于骨肉瘤组织。B7-H3的表达与患者的Ennecking分期、是否发生肺转移之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与肿瘤组织中CD8⁺T淋巴细胞浸润程度呈负相关(P<0.05),与患者预后呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论：B7-H3在人骨肉瘤中组织异常高表达,并与肿瘤的进展、患者的预后密切相关;B7-H3可能参与了骨肉瘤微环境中的CD8⁺T细胞功能的调节,促使肿瘤细胞逃避免疫监视。     

负性共刺激分子B7-H1和B7-H4在结直肠癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:检测结直肠癌组织中负性共刺激分子B7-H1和B7-H4的表达、T细胞亚群的浸润情况,探讨其临床意义。方法:收集苏州大学附属第四医院2003年1月至2003年12月50例结直肠癌患者的癌组织标本以及5例患者的癌旁组织标本,免疫组织化学法检测结直肠癌组织中B7-H1和B7-H4的表达以及T细胞亚群的浸润,分析B7-H1、B7-H4的表达与结直肠癌患者临床病理特征及T细胞浸润的相关性,分析B7-H1、B7-H4的表达和CD3+T、CD8+T淋巴细胞浸润程度与患者预后的相关性。结果:结直肠癌组织高表达B7-H1(44%)和B7-H4(56%),而癌旁组织不表达(P<0.01)。B7-H1在结肠癌组织中的表达较直肠癌显著升高(P<0.05);随着Duke’s分期的升高,B7-H4的表达水平也呈上升趋势(P<0.05)。结直肠癌组织中B7-H1的表达与CD3+T细胞浸润呈负相关(P<0.05),但与B7-H4的表达无关。B7-H1的表达水平与患者预后呈负相关(P<0.05),且B7-H1和B7-H4同时高表达的患者总体生存率显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:负性共刺激分子B7-H1和B7-H4在人结直肠癌组织中高表达,并与患者总体生存率相关,两者的共同检测对结直肠癌诊断和预后判断具有一定的临床价值。     

共刺激分子B7-H3在人食管鳞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 分析人食管鳞癌组织中B7-H3分子的表达与患者临床病理因素以及术后生存时间之间的关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学法检测82例人食管癌组织、对应癌旁正常食管组织及食管鳞状上皮不典型增生组织中B7-H3分子的表达以及CD8+T淋巴细胞的浸润程度。结果 食管癌组织中B7-H3蛋白的阳性表达率为98.8%(81/82),而B7-H3在癌旁及鳞状上皮不典型增生组织中几乎不表达。B7-H3的表达与患者年龄、肿瘤浸润深度及TNM分期相关,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,与肿瘤组织中CD8+T淋巴细胞浸润程度呈负相关(P<0.05),与患者预后呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论 B7-H3在食管癌中过表达,和肿瘤的进展密切相关。食管癌中B7-H3分子的表达可能参与了抑制食管癌组织内CD8+T细胞功能,促使肿瘤细胞逃避免疫监视,提示B7-H3在食管癌诊断、判断预后及靶向治疗中具有潜在的临床应用价值。     

胆囊癌中B7-H1和B7-H4的表达及临床意义

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨胆囊癌中B7-H1和B7-H4的表达及其临床意义。［方法］ 应用免疫组织化学SP法检测60例胆囊癌组织中B7-H1、B7-H4的表达,分析两者与胆囊癌临床病理特征的关系。［结果］ B7-H1和B7-H4在胆囊癌中的阳性表达率显著高于癌旁组织 (46.7% vs 5.0%,55.0% vs 0)（P均<0.05）。B7-H1、B7-H4在Nevin(Ⅳ+Ⅴ)期、淋巴结转移组中的阳性表达率显著高于Nevin（Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ）期、无淋巴结转移组(P＜0.05),B7-H1、B7-H4与性别、年龄、合并胆囊结石、肿瘤组织学类型及分化程度无相关性(P>0.05)。B7-H1、B7-H4在胆囊癌中表达呈正相关（r=0.30,P<0.05）。［结论］ B7-H1和B7-H4可能在胆囊癌的发生发展中起一定的作用。     

B7-H3在恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

B7-H3（CD276）是B7和CD28家族重要的免疫检查点成员,在多种恶性肿瘤中均有表达,并且与恶性肿瘤的生长、转移、复发、预后不良等因素密切相关,与此同时还通过T细胞参与恶性肿瘤的免疫过程。近年来随着研究的深入,人们发现B7-H3在恶性肿瘤中不但是一种共刺激分子,而且对调节性T细胞（regulatory cells,Treg）具有共抑制作用。虽然目前尚未确定它的受体部分,但其分子靶点被认为是一种具有前景的免疫治疗研究方向。本文就B7-H3在恶性肿瘤中的研究进展作一综述。     

B7-H4在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及意义

目的 探讨上皮性卵巢癌组织中B7-H4的表达及其与临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法采用免疫组化法检测66例上皮性卵巢癌、5例交界性卵巢肿瘤、8例良性卵巢肿瘤组织和20例正常卵巢组织蜡块中B7-H4的表达,分析其表达与上皮性卵巢癌临床病理特征和预后的关系。结果 B7-H4在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的阳性表达率为86.4％,在卵巢交界性肿瘤、卵巢良性肿瘤及正常卵巢组织中均不表达。B7-H4在浆液性囊腺癌、子宫内膜样癌和透明细胞癌中的阳性表达率分别为100.0％、90.0％和87.5％,均高于其在黏液性囊腺癌中的50.0％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。上皮性卵巢癌中B7-H4的表达与年龄、腹水细胞学无关,而与临床FIGO分期、组织学分级、淋巴结转移有关。B7-H4的表达与上皮性卵巢癌患者的生存情况无关（P＞0.05）。结论 B7-H4蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达上调,其表达与上皮性卵巢癌的发生、发展有关。     

协同刺激分子B7-H4与恶性肿瘤关系的研究进展

B7-H4是最新发现的B7家族新成员,广泛分布在非淋巴组织中,表达于多种免疫细胞表面,通过抑制免疫细胞的抗肿瘤功能从而促进肿瘤免疫逃逸。B7-H4在实体瘤中有异常高表达,在细胞的恶性转化和肿瘤的发生、发展及转移中具有重要意义,对B7-H4的研究有助于寻找新的恶性肿瘤的早期诊断指标、治疗及判断预后的分子靶点。本文就B7-H4的结构、分布、生物学作用及其与恶性肿瘤生物学行为的关系作一概述。     

B7-H1 and B7-H3 are independent predictors of poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

B7-H1 and B7-H3, two members of the B7 family that are thought to regulate T-cell activation, are expressed in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, their prognostic significance is poorly understood. In the present study we reported that B7-H1 and B7-H3 were expressed in 96/128 (72.7%) and 89/128 (69.5%) samples, respectively. B7-H1 and B7-H3 expression and the number of infiltrating T-cell intracellular antigen-1+ and interferon-γ+ cells in NSCLC tissues were significantly higher than those in the adjacent tissues (p<0.01). High B7-H1 or B7-H3 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (p<0.05, respectively). Sex, TNM stage, B7-H1, B7-H3, and T-cell intracellular antigen-1 expression remained significant prognostic factors after adjusting for other prognostic factors in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. In vitro studies revealed that knockdown of B7-H3 on tumor cells enhanced T-cell growth and interferon-γ secretion when stimulated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies. Interferon-γ reduced CXCR4 expression on cancer cells and inhibited the CXCL12-induced cell migration. B7-H1 and B7-H3 are independent predictors of poorer survival in patients with NSCLC. Interference of the signal pathways of these negative regulatory molecules might be a new strategy for treating NSCLC.     

Clinical significance and regulation of the costimulatory molecule B7-H1 in pancreatic cancer

We investigated the expression pattern and clinical significance of the costimulatory ligands B7-1, B7-2, B7-H1, and B7-DC, and their counter-receptors CTLA-4 and PD-1 in pancreatic cancer. Gene expression of all examined costimulatory molecules was significantly upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues. B7-1, B7-2, B7-H1, and B7-DC protein was detectable in pancreatic cancer cells. Only the expression of B7-H1 significantly correlated with postoperative survival (p<0.0001). B7-H1 was inducible in cultured pancreatic cancer cells by IFN-gamma and significantly correlated with the level of IFN-gamma expression in human pancreatic cancer tissues (Spearman rho=0.4536,p=0.0029). B7-H1 positive tumors showed an increased prevalence of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (T(regs)) compared to B7-H1 negative tumors. Among the investigated costimulatory molecules only tumor-associated B7-H1 seems to be of prognostic relevance in pancreatic cancer. B7-H1 might, therefore, be involved in the downregulation of antitumor responses through regulation of T(regs) in pancreatic cancer. Our findings also suggest a dual role of IFN-gamma in antitumor response. Through induction of B7-H1 in pancreatic cancer cells IFN-gamma might contribute to the evasion of antitumor immunity.     

B7-H1在卵巢癌组织中表达的临床意义

目的 探讨B7-H1在卵巢癌组织中表达的临床意义.方法 将收治的112例上皮性卵巢癌及10例良性卵巢囊肿的组织蜡块制作成组织芯片,免疫组化检测芯片协同刺激分子B7-H1的表达情况,χ2检验B7-H1表达水平与患者临床病理参数的关系.生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法和Log-rank检验及多因素COX回归.结果 B7-H1在良性卵巢囊肿中均为低表达,在卵巢癌组织中高表达率为55.4%(62/112);其表达水平与患者年龄、组织类型、细胞分化、肿瘤大小及是否合并CA125升高无关(P>0.05),而与患者FIGO分期及是否转移密切相关(P<0.05);B7-H1高表达组与低表达组患者无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)和总生存期(overall survival,OS)比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为24.9和17.51,P值均<0.001).COX回归分析表明,B7-H1表达水平和FIGO分期是影响患者生存的独立预后因素.结论 卵巢癌组织中B7-H1的表达水平与预后差和生存期短相关,可为卵巢癌的免疫靶向治疗提供思路.     

B7-H4 reverse signaling induces the apoptosis of EBV-transformed B cells through Fas ligand up-regulation

B7-H4 has an inhibitory effect on immune responses via the down-regulation of T cell-mediated immunity, but how the engagement of B7-H4 molecules by counter molecules affects the signaling mechanism of the B7-H4-expressing cells is poorly defined. In this study, we found that B7-H4 expression was enhanced on B cells infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and that triggering of these molecules induced apoptosis of EBV-transformed B cells. Engagement of B7-H4 initially increased intracellular level of ROS, which then induced the expression of FasL. Engagement of B7-H4 subsequently provoked Fas-mediated and caspase-dependent apoptosis in association with cytochrome c and AIF, and EndoG was released from the mitochondria on EBV-transformed B cells. These results suggest that B7-H4 may be a potential therapeutic target for EBV involved malignancy diseases.     

Beyond Programmed Death-Ligand 1: B7-H6 Emerges as a Potential Immunotherapy Target in SCLC

IntroductionThe programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors, atezolizumab and durvalumab, have received regulatory approval for the first-line treatment of patients with extensive-stage SCLC. Nevertheless, when used in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy, these PD-L1 inhibitors only improve overall survival by 2 to 3 months. This may be due to the observation that less than 20% of SCLC tumors express PD-L1 at greater than 1%. Evaluating the composition and abundance of checkpoint molecules in SCLC may identify molecules beyond PD-L1 that are amenable to therapeutic targeting.MethodsWe analyzed RNA-sequencing data from SCLC cell lines (n = 108) and primary tumor specimens (n = 81) for expression of 39 functionally validated inhibitory checkpoint ligands. Furthermore, we generated tissue microarrays containing SCLC cell lines and patient with SCLC specimens to confirm expression of these molecules by immunohistochemistry. We annotated patient outcomes data, including treatment response and overall survival.ResultsThe checkpoint protein B7-H6 (NCR3LG1) exhibited increased protein expression relative to PD-L1 in cell lines and tumors (p < 0.05). Higher B7-H6 protein expression correlated with longer progression-free survival (p = 0.0368) and increased total immune infiltrates (CD45+) in patients. Furthermore, increased B7-H6 gene expression in SCLC tumors correlated with a decreased activated natural killer cell gene signature, suggesting a complex interplay between B7-H6 expression and immune signature in SCLC.ConclusionsWe investigated 39 inhibitory checkpoint molecules in SCLC and found that B7-H6 is highly expressed and associated with progression-free survival. In addition, 26 of 39 immune checkpoint proteins in SCLC tumors were more abundantly expressed than PD-L1, indicating an urgent need to investigate additional checkpoint targets for therapy in addition to PD-L1.