净化水与自来水水质状况比较

目的:探讨净水器处理水水质在感官性状、一般化学性状、毒理学和微生物指标方面是否优于自来水。方法:在太原市5个不同居民小区采集5份匹配的自来水和净化水水样,并用相应的检测方法对浑浊度、pH值、总硬度、溶解氧、铝、铁、锰、锌、硒、汞、砷、铅、镉、总铬、总大肠菌群等15项指标进行检测。结果:自来水中镉和铁含量超标率均为100%,净化水中镉和铁含量超标率分别为40%和80%;两种水体的其他三类指标均达到我国生活饮用水卫生标准。结论:太原市自来水镉、铁含量在一定地区存在超标。净化水总硬度偏低,许多有毒重金属含量较自来水更安全。     

2010-2011年呼和浩特市出厂水、末梢水水质监测结果分析

目的了解呼和浩特市集中式供水单位生活饮用水水质卫生质量的情况,为改善生活饮用水的质量提供依据。方法 2010-2011年对呼和浩特市集中式供水单位出厂水、末梢水进行采样监测。结果 2010年与2011年出厂水、末梢水水质卫生状况变化不大,出厂水的卫生状况要好于末梢水,水质合格率逐年上升。结论呼和浩特市出厂水、末梢水水质卫生状况尚可,但应加强饮用水的投氯量及末梢水的管理与监测,保证水质的卫生安全。     

管道分质供水的水处理与水质相关研究

目的了解生活饮用水管道分质供水水处理与水质的相关性。方法对广州、深圳、珠海、东莞4个城市的168个管道分质供水的水处理工艺、消毒类型、供水和管网系统的基本状况进行调查,检测分析直饮水系统进出水的水质状况。结果分质供水直饮水88.10%的水样浊度、耗氧量、细菌总数达到纯净水标准的要求,反渗透工艺对电导率处理效果较好,钠滤工艺对耗氧量处理效果好,超滤工艺对浑浊度的处理效果显著;紫外线和臭氧联合消毒组细菌总数合格率(97.62%)高于单独用紫外线(97.22%)或臭氧(93.75%)消毒;不同供水管材水质中耗氧量和细菌总数差异无统计学意义。结论水处理工艺首选纳滤,消毒装置选用紫外线与臭氧联合消毒装置最佳,管道材质室内使用选择PP-R管,室外使用则选择不锈钢管。     

2009年浙江省农村水厂管网末梢水水质调查监测情况分析

目的:为了解和掌握浙江省农村水厂管网末梢水饮水水质和卫生状况,确保农村居民饮水卫生安全,预防农村水厂管网末梢水超标的水质引起中毒和介水肠道传染病的发生。方法:在全省选择有代表性的监测点开展农村水厂管网末梢水饮水基本情况调查,并对不同水处理方式的水厂和不同水源类型的管网末梢水,在丰、枯水期进行采样监测,按照国家《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)进行评价。结果:全省选择的有代表性的监测点,被选的403个乡镇有81.44%左右的农村人口饮用了农村集中式水厂的供水;水厂管网末梢水以不同水处理方式和采用不同水源水的水质综合指标丰、枯水期的合格率分别为93.58%和94.03%。结论:农村水厂管网末梢水水质综合指标合格率较低,主要是水厂处理工艺不够完善,消毒不够规范等所致。     

Microbial quality of drinking water from microfiltered water dispensers

A comparison was made between the microbial quality of drinking water obtained from Microfiltered Water Dispensers (MWDs) and that of municipal tap water. A total of 233 water samples were analyzed. Escherichia coli (EC), enterococci (ENT), total coliforms (TC), Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and heterotrophic plate count (HPC) at 22 °C and 37 °C were enumerated. In addition, information was collected about the principal structural and functional characteristics of each MWD in order to study the various factors that might influence the microbial quality of the water.EC and ENT were not detected in any of the samples. TC were never detected in the tap water but were found in 5 samples taken from 5 different MWDs. S. aureus was found in a single sample of microfiltered water. P. aeruginosa was found more frequently and at higher concentrations in the samples collected from MWDs. The mean HPCs at 22 °C and 37 °C were significantly higher in microfiltered water samples compared to those of the tap water.In conclusion, the use of MWDs may increase the number of bacteria originally present in tap water. It is therefore important to monitor the quality of the dispensed water over time, especially if it is destined for vulnerable users.     

某市市区二次供水和出厂水水质分析

目的 了解某市区二次供水及出厂水的污染状况,找出相应的防治对策.方法 选取有代表性的城区二次供水和出厂水进行水质监测,采用国家标准进行评价.结果 所监测的各项指标合格率较高,大多数达到100%,其中二次供水主要不合格指标为浑浊度和硝酸盐,合格率分别为86.7%和98.7%,出厂水主要不合格指标为氟化物和硝酸盐,合格率分...     

Fluoride and bacterial content of bottled water vs tap water

CONTEXT: Bottled water has become a status symbol and is frequently used in place of tap water. While both waters are considered safe to drink, is either more beneficial in preventing tooth decay and is there a difference in purity? OBJECTIVE: To determine the fluoride level and bacterial content of commercially bottled waters municipal tap water and to compare the results. DESIGN: Comparative study. SETTING: Cleveland, Ohio. SAMPLE: Fifty-seven samples of 5 categories of bottled waters were purchased from local stores. Samples of tap water were collected in sterile containers from the 4 local water processing plants. Fluoride levels were determined by an ion-selective electrode method. Water was cultured quantitatively and levels of bacteria were calculated as colony-forming units (CFUs) per milliliter. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Fluoride levels and bacterial counts. RESULTS: Fluoride levels within the range recommended for drinking water by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, 0.80 to 1.30 mg/L, were found in only 3 samples of bottled water tested. The fluoride levels of tap water samples were within 0.04 mg/L of the optimal fluoride level of 1.00 mg/L. The bacterial counts in the bottled water samples ranged from less than 0.01 CFU/mL to 4900 CFUs/mL, including 6 samples with levels substantially above 1000 CFUs/mL. In contrast, bacterial counts in samples of tap water ranged from 0.2 to 2.7 CFUs/mL. CONCLUSIONS: Five percent of the bottled water purchased in Cleveland fell within the required fluoride range recommended by the state, compared with 100% of the tap water samples, all of which were also within 0.04 mg/L of the optimal fluoride level of 1.00 mg/L. Use of bottled water based on the assumption of purity can be misguided. Recently, the Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, published a final ruling that requires community water systems to regularly report to the public on the quality of local tap water; there are no similar proposals to determine the quality of bottled water through labeling.     

苏州市区水源水水质状况调查

苏州市区集中式供水的水源水取自于太湖和阳澄湖,其中太湖约占80%。水源水的水质好坏直接影响城市生活饮用水的质量及饮水安全。加强水源水的保护,提高水源水的质量,对保证人民生活和促进社会、经济可持续发展具有重要意义。为此,苏州市多年来一直开展对水源水的水质定期调查和     

Assessment of drinking water quality of Borg el-Arab water purification plant

Borg El-Arab drinking water purification plant takes its raw water from El-Noubaria Canal at the kilometer 95. EI-Noubaria canal gets its water from the Nile at two points. The main bulk of water comes from El-Riah El-Behiery, while the second source of water coming from El-Riah El-Nassery. There are four agricultural drains at the kilometer 53.0, 66.0, 71.9 and 85.4 which return back to the canal and represent the sources of pollution of the canal. Chemical, physical and trace elements analysis were carried out for raw and treated water of Borg El-Arab drinking water purification plant. It was found that the quality of treated water for the different parameter, are in agreement with the Ministry of Health Decree No 108/1995 for drinking water. Regarding total dissolved solids level, the quality of water was fair during Autumn and Summer as its value was 876.7 mg/l and 701.2 mg/l respectively, it was poor during spring as it reached 1113 mg/l, while during winter it was unacceptable (1312.7 mg/l) which exceed the higher permissible limit of the Ministry of Health Decree No 108/1995. This high TDS values make objectionable tastes in the public water supplied to Borg El-Arab city and the North West coast summer resorts. This taste of water provides no assurance to the public that such water is free of pathogens or toxic inorganic chemicals. So, we recommend El-Hager canal as new intake source for providing Borg El-Arab drinking water purification plant with raw water free from pollutants and low in total dissolved solids concentration.     

丰水期与枯水期乡镇水厂水质卫生研究

[目的]掌握自贡市乡镇自来水厂卫生现状，预防水源性疾病的发生和流行。[方法]按预先设定的调查内容，先采用横断面现场普查的方法进行卫生学调查，将结果逐项填写调查表内，然后按20％的比例采用分层、随机抽样的方法，分丰水期与枯水期对相同水厂的水源水、出厂水、末梢水进行检测，最后对资料进行汇总和对比研究，对检测结果进行卫生学评价。[结果]自贡市共有104家乡镇自来水厂。其卫生管理、卫生设施和水质卫生质量均差。水质不合格指标在丰水期主要是微生物和感官，在枯水期主要是微生物。[结论]自贡市乡镇自来水厂的水质存在严重的卫生安全隐患。设备简陋、工艺落后、自身卫生管理差、法律法规意识和卫生意识不强、卫生监督不力是水质不达标的主要原因。提高认识、加强执法、加大资金投入和改变经营管理模式是提高水质卫生质量的重要措施。