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四川省2009甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
目的分析四川地区甲型H1N1流感流行病学特点,为今后新发传染病的防控提供参考。方法回顾性分析我院2009年收治的271例甲型H1N1流感病例的来源、年龄及时间分布。结果 1.271例甲型H1N1流感病例,男∶女为1.09∶1,随着病情加重发病年龄逐渐增加,病程亦逐渐延长;2.轻症患者均无基础疾病,危重症患者基础疾病较重症患者多且重;3.绝大多数患者年龄在10~30岁(211例,77.87%),轻症及重症中无≤2岁及≥65岁的患者,危重症中≥65岁者2例;4.疫情早期(5~9月)患者均为轻症,以输入病例为主(52例,19.19%),疫情后期以本土暴发病例为主(9月以后)有危重症出现。结论新发传染病疫情早期以轻症、输入病例为主,后期随着社区聚集性疫情,有重危症患者出现;患者年龄、基础疾病是该疾病严重程度的重要影响因素。 相似文献
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甲型H1N1流感最新疫情的突出特点是重症和死亡病例数显著增加,有关我国重症甲型H1N1流感患者的临床特征、预后、危险因素等方面的研究尚未见相关报道.本文拟对国外有关这方面的研究进行总结,为我国重症甲型H1N1流感的诊断及治疗提供借鉴. 相似文献
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甲型H1N1流感的预防与诊治 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
近期,在墨西哥和美国发生了甲型H1N1流感疫情,WHO宣布此次疫情为“具有国际影响的公共卫生紧急事态”。为防止疫情蔓延,加强公众防控甲型H1N1病毒的健康知识宣传,提高公众的自我保护能力刻不容缓。甲型H1N1流感是由变异后的新型甲型H1N1流感病毒所引起的急性呼吸道传染病。通过飞沫、气溶胶、直接接触或间接接触传播,临床主要表现为流感样症状,少数病例病情重,进展迅速,可出现病毒性肺炎,合并呼吸衰竭、多脏器功能损伤, 相似文献
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目的了解在不同流行时期福州市人群的甲型H1N1流感(甲流)血清抗体水平。方法自2009年11月30日至2010年3月22日,共5次在福州市的4家医院和1家采供血机构随机选择调查对象,每次调查采集400例血清。以血凝抑制试验方法 (haemagglutination inhibition,HI)检测血清HI抗体。结果 5次调查的人群甲流HI抗体阳性率依次为1.75%、8.00%、11.25%、12.50%和14.25%,抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)则分别为5.49、6.81、7.59、8.83和8.54。不同时间段之间抗体阳性率和GMT的差异有显著统计学意义(P〈0.01)。4个年龄组中,以6-17岁的抗体阳性率和GMT的增长幅度最大且有显著统计学意义(P〈0.01)。男女性别之间抗体水平差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。在接种甲流疫苗的人群中,抗体阳性率和GMT分别为46.43%和28.99,均显著高于非接种者的7.20%和6.76(P〈0.01)。结论至2010年3月20日,福州市人群甲流抗体水平显著提高,已初步形成免疫屏障,但应加强重点人群的防控措施。 相似文献
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目的探索甲型H1N1流感及群体性突发公共卫生事件防控管理工作方法。方法对今年8月"龙愿-2009两岸四地大学生创业文化交流营"师生共198人甲型H1N1流感排查隔离管理工作进行总结。结果198人中患甲型H1N1流感15例,其中港澳台地区学生8例,内地学生7例,确诊病例转传染病专科医院治疗,密切接触者通过医疗卫生单位介入采取有效隔离观察措施后,发病人数无继续增加,所有人员按时解除隔离。结论甲型H1N1流感防控工作的重点在于对密切接触者采取有效隔离观察措施。 相似文献
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目的探索危重甲型H1N1流感的救治方案。方法对6例危重甲型H1N1流感的临床特征、救治方案、预后进行回顾性分析。结果 6例患者中男4例,女2例,中位数年龄40岁。首发症状发热3例,咳嗽咳痰3例;5例最高体温在39.0℃以上;6例患者中3例有基础疾病;6例患者均使用奥司他韦、有创机械通气、甲强龙、低分子肝素钙治疗,4例使用CRRT治疗;6例患者中3例死亡、3例治愈。结论危重甲型H1N1流感病例的治疗,以抗病毒、改善氧合、减轻炎症反应为主的综合治疗。CRRT、ECMO等技术的使用会提高抢救的成功率。 相似文献
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目的了解甲型H1N1流感(甲流)大流行前后福建省人群甲流血清流行病学特征。方法采集2008年甲流流行前血清标本800例和2010年1-4月甲流流行后不同地区血清标本1250例,以血凝抑制试验方法(HI)检测血清HI抗体。结果甲流流行后人群HI抗体≥1∶10和≥1∶40的阳性率分别从流行前的6.5%和0.63%上升为52.72%和36.24%(P<0.01),HI抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)从5.39上升为18.26(P<0.01)。流行后各年龄组人群HI抗体都显著高于流行前,以6-17岁为最高,HI抗体≥1∶10和≥1∶40的阳性率及GMT分别达到74.02%、57.22%和38.15,显著高于其他年龄组(P<0.01)。男女性之间HI抗体差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。福州市人群HI抗体水平显著高于其他设区市。在接种甲流疫苗的人群中,HI抗体≥1∶10和≥1∶40的阳性率分别为83.84%和64.62%,GMT为46.62,分别显著高于未接种疫苗人群的32.72%, 18%和7.48(P<0.01)。结论甲流流行后福建省人群HI抗体显著提高,已形成一定的免疫屏障,但应加强重点年龄组人群疫苗接种,防控甲流流行出现反弹。 相似文献
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目的分析新型甲型H1N1流感患者死亡的高危因素。方法回顾性分析中国医科大学附属第一医院呼吸科2009-10-24—2010-01-15收治的92例新型甲型H1N1流感患者病程早期的临床资料,比较死亡组和存活组之间临床特征,经多变量Logistic回归分析确定患者死亡的高危因素。结果单因素分析中,早期呼吸困难、咯血痰、肌酸激酶同工酶和乳酸脱氢酶升高、低钙血症、T细胞亚群降低、D-二聚体升高、肺损伤程度和氧合指数降低、ΔSOFA评分、APACHⅡ评分等因素在死亡组和存活组之间差异有统计学意义;经多变量Logistic回归分析,继发感染(OR=1.563,95%CI:1.213~1.682)、APACHⅡ评分(OR=1.217,95%CI:1.052~1.435)和ΔSOFA评分(OR=1.136,95%CI:1.024~1.213)是患者死亡的独立危险因素。结论临床上应重视并针对上述危险因素制订相应的防治措施,以期降低病死率。 相似文献
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Kumar A 《Journal of thoracic disease》2011,3(4):262-270
The 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus that has targeted not only those with chronic medical illness, the very young and old, but also a large segment of the patient population that has previously been afforded relative protection - those who are young, generally healthy, and immune naive. The illness is mild in most, but results in hospitalization and severe ARDS in an important minority. Among those who become critically ill, 20-40% will die, predominantly of severe hypoxic respiratory failure. However, and potentially in part due to the young age of those affected, intensive care with aggressive oxygenation support will allow most people to recover. The volume of patients infected and with critical illness placed substantial strain on the capacity of the health care system and critical care most specifically. Despite this, the 2009 pandemic has engaged our specialty and highlighted its importance like no other. Thus far, the national and global critical care response has been brisk, collaborative and helpful - not only for this pandemic, but for subsequent challenges in years ahead. 相似文献
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Vaccines against influenza A (H5N1): evidence of progress 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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流行性感冒病毒属正粘病毒科,根据内部核蛋白(NP)和基质蛋白(MP)抗原性的不同,将流感病毒分为A型、B型和c型3型。A型流感病毒的基因组是由8个分节段的单负链RNA组成,编码11种蛋白质,表面糖蛋白为HA和NA,根据HA和NA的抗原差异分为16种HA亚型(H1一H16)和9种NA亚型(N1~N9)。 相似文献
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Beinart R Morganti K Ruskin J Mela T 《Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology》2011,22(6):711-713
We report a case of an 18-year-old female who presented with respiratory failure secondary to H1N1 infection, and who subsequently developed high-degree atrioventricular (AV) block. The conduction abnormalities persisted over 2 weeks following complete resolution of respiratory symptoms. A permanent pacemaker was implanted for safety and subsequent pacemaker follow-up suggested reversibility of the conduction abnormality. This case highlights the potential impact of the H1N1 influenza virus on the cardiac conduction system. 相似文献
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Wallace RG Hodac H Lathrop RH Fitch WM 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2007,104(11):4473-4478
The geographic diffusion of highly pathogenic influenza A H5N1 has largely been traced from the perspective of the virus's victims. Birds of a variety of avian orders have been sampled across localities, and their infection has been identified by a general genetic test. Another approach tracks the migration from the perspective of the virus alone, by way of a phylogeography of H5N1 genetic sequences. Although several phylogenies in the literature have labeled H5N1 clades by geographic region, none has analytically inferred the history of the virus's migration. With a statistical phylogeography of 192 hemagglutinin and neuraminidase isolates, we show that the Chinese province of Guangdong is the source of multiple H5N1 strains spreading at both regional and international scales. In contrast, Indochina appears to be a regional sink, at the same time demonstrating bidirectional dispersal among localities within the region. An evolutionary trace of HA(1) across the phylogeography suggests a mechanism by which H5N1 is able to infect repeated cycles of host species across localities, regardless of the host species first infected in each locale. The trace also hypothesizes amino acid replacements that preceded the first recorded outbreak of pathogenic H5N1 in Hong Kong, 1997. 相似文献