甲状腺重量及血清TSH浓度对小剂量^131I治疗甲亢疗效的影响

目的评价甲状腺重量及血清TSH浓度对小剂量131Ⅰ治疗甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)疗效的影响.方法患者治疗前均行甲状腺SPECT扫描并检测血清FT3、FT4、TSH浓度;131I治疗的剂量为常规剂量的1/2～2/3.结果①治疗前一次给药组TSH浓度为0.10±0.34mμ·L-1,重复给药组为0.04±0.10mμ·L-1,两者差异有显著性(P＜0.05);②治疗前甲状腺的重量一次给药组为51.22±26.09g,重复给药组87.34±63.69g,两者差异有显著性(P＜0.0001).结论小剂量131Ⅰ治疗甲亢的疗效良好,多数患者能一次治愈,但对于大甲状腺患者或血清TSH浓度很低者则需多次治疗.     

甲状腺重量及血清TSH浓度对小剂量131Ⅰ治疗甲亢疗效的影响

目的:评价甲状腺重量及血清TSH浓度对小剂量131Ⅰ治疗甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)疗效的影响.方法:患者治疗前均行甲状腺SPECT扫描并检测血清FT3、FT4、TSH浓度;131I治疗的剂量为常规剂量的1/2～2/3.结果:①治疗前一次给药组TSH浓度为0.10±0.34mμ·L-1,重复给药组为0.04±0.10mμ·L-1,两者差异有显著性(P＜0.05);②治疗前甲状腺的重量一次给药组为51.22±26.09g,重复给药组87.34±63.69g,两者差异有显著性(P＜0.0001).结论:小剂量131Ⅰ治疗甲亢的疗效良好,多数患者能一次治愈,但对于大甲状腺患者或血清TSH浓度很低者则需多次治疗.     

甲状腺激素及Tg、Tm在甲亢^131I治疗中的变化研究

目的　探讨甲亢患者13 1I治疗前后T3 、T4 、TSH、FT3 、FT4 、Tg(甲状腺球蛋白抗体 )、Tm(甲状腺微粒体抗体 )变化及其临床应用价值 .方法　分析了 69例甲亢患者13 1I治疗前和治疗 3个月后T3 、T4 、TSH、FT3 、FT4 、Tg和Tm变化 .结果　13 1I治疗后 3个月血清T3 、T4、FT3、FT4 明显降低 (p<0 .0 1) ,TSH明显升高 ;Tg、Tm无明显变化 (p >0 .0 5) ,Tg、Tm阴性组治疗后Tg、Tm增高 .结论　在13 1I治疗中T3、T4、TSH、FT3 、FT4 反应灵敏 ,可用于近期疗效监测 ;Tg、Tm阴性者结果升高是否与剂量有关 ,还需进一步研究     

甲状腺机能亢进症患者血清骨钙素变化的研究

为探讨甲状腺机能亢进症时 ,高甲状腺激素水平对血清骨钙素的影响 ,本文对 87例甲状腺机能亢进患者及 5 2名健康志愿者采用放射免疫法测定了血清骨钙素 (OC)、FT3、FT4 和TSH。结果显示 :健康志愿者血清骨钙素水平随着年龄的增高而逐渐降低 ;男女性别间经统计学处理无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。各年龄组甲亢患者治疗前OC浓度明显升高 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,经抗甲状腺药物治疗甲亢症状缓解后 ,血清OC浓度也降至正常 ;相关统计分析表明 ,甲亢治疗前、后血清OC与FT3、FT4 之间呈明显的正相关 (FT3:r =0 .84- 0 .2 7　P <0 .0 1;FT4 :r=0 .5 8- 0 .2 9　P <0 .0 1) ;与TSH无相关性。结论 :甲状腺激素可能直接参与加速骨转换过程 ,并以增加骨吸收过程为显著 ,导致骨量丢失 ;提示血清OC可以作为甲亢所致骨代谢改变的诊断及其疗效观察的敏感指标之一。     

甲状腺激素及Tg、Tm在甲亢131I治疗中的变化研究

目的探讨甲亢患者131I治疗前后T3、T4、TSH、FT3、FT4、Tg(甲状腺球蛋白抗体)、Tm(甲状腺微粒体抗体)变化及其临床应用价值.方法分析了69例甲亢患者131I治疗前和治疗3个月后T3、T4、TSH、FT3、FT4、Tg和Tm变化. 结果 131I治疗后3个月血清T3、T4、FT3、FT4明显降低(p<0.01),TSH明显升高;Tg、Tm无明显变化(p>0.05),Tg、Tm阴性组治疗后Tg、Tm增高. 结论在131I治疗中T3、T4、TSH、FT3、FT4反应灵敏,可用于近期疗效监测;Tg、Tm阴性者结果升高是否与剂量有关,还需进一步研究.     

促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)测定的临床价值

目的:探讨血清TRAb测定对甲状腺疾病的临床价值.方法:采用放射受体分析和放射免疫分析测定210例甲状腺疾病患者血清TRAb和T3、T4、TSH、FT3、FT4含量,以T3、T4、TSH、FT3、FT4含量为标准分为单纯性甲状腺肿组、甲减组、甲亢组、甲亢缓解组;以38例健康人血清中TRAb和T3、T4、TSH、FT3、FT4含量作为对照组.结果:单纯性甲状腺肿组血清TRAb含量与正常对照组无显著差异(P＞0.05);甲亢组、甲减组血清TRAb含量明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.001);甲亢缓解组血清TRAb含量与甲亢组差异显著(P＜0.05),与正常组比较亦有显著性差异(P＜0.05);血清TRAb含量与各组间T3、T4、TSH、FT3、FT4及TSH浓度之间无显著相关性(P＞0.05).结论:监测血清TRAb含量对甲状腺疾病的诊断、鉴别诊断、疗效观察、预后判断有重要的临床价值.     

中药协同131I治疗Graves病的临床研究

探讨中药石麦清液协同131I治疗Graves病(GD)的疗效及给药方法.GD患者100例随机分为A组:131I治疗,B组:131I 石麦清液治疗,服131I后7d服石麦清液20mL每天3次共40d.以治疗前和治疗后30d、90d测定血清FT3、FT4和TSH并选择8种症状,采用Kupperman四级评分评估.结果表明B组临床症状提前改善,安全渡过131I治疗一月后出现的FT3、FT4反跳性升高,A组30d后临床症状重于治疗前,FT3、FT4高于治疗前.B组90d临床症状显著改善,FT3、FT4和TSH测值正常,A组临床症状改善,但FT3、FT4低于正常,TSH高于正常.30d后B组安全渡过高危期,90d治疗后,减轻甲状腺功能减退症发病率疗效优于A组.石麦清液无毒性、安全和可在临床推广应用.     

甲状腺功能亢进患者血清FT3、FT4及TSH变化与血尿酸的关系研究

目的:分析甲状腺功能亢进患者血清游离三腆甲状腺原氨酸(Free trithyronine,FT3)、游离甲状腺素(Free thyroxine,FT4)、促甲状腺素(Thyrotropin,TSH)变化与血尿酸(Uric acid,UA)的关系.方法:收集本院2019年10月至2021年11月收治的105例甲状腺功能亢进患者的临床资料.另选取同期健康体检者75例作为对照组.比较两组治疗前后FT3、FT4、TSH及UA水平;并分析FT3、FT4及TSH与UA的关系.结果:甲亢组FT3、FT4及UA水平明显高于对照组,TSH水平低于对照组(P<0.05).甲亢组治疗后FT3、FT4及UA水平较治疗前明显降低,TSH水平较治疗前明显增高(P<0.05).甲状腺功能亢进患者FT3、FT4水平与UA水平呈正相关关系(r=0.673、0.626,P<0.05);TSH水平与UA水平呈负相关关系(r=-0.736,P<0.05).结论:甲状腺激素对UA水平具有一定调节作用,甲状腺功能亢进患者FT3、FT4及TSH变化与UA存在明显相关性.     

131I治疗老年甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病的临床疗效评价

目的：探讨131I治疗老年甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病的临床疗效。方法选择2010年3月~2014年4月我院收治的30例甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病患者,给予患者口服131I。且治疗前、治疗后3个月、6个月、1年行对甲状腺功能复查;治疗前、治疗后1年行门控心血池显像,以综合评价治疗效果。结果治疗1年后,27例甲状腺功能正常,2例好转,治愈率为96.7%;在治疗前、治疗后3个月、治疗后6个月以及治疗后1年,FT3、FT4水平逐渐降低,TSH水平逐渐升高,差异的具有统计学意义,<0.05;治疗1年后,患者在LVEF、1/3EF、PER、PFR、TPER上均有所改善,治疗前后差异具有统计学意义,<0.05。结论131I治疗老年甲亢性心脏病,可有效控制FT3、FT4、TSH水平,提高老年甲亢性心脏病患者心功能。     

大庆市先天性甲状腺功能减低症筛查

目的探讨大庆地区新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减低症的发病率,是为了早发现早治疗,减少儿童致残率,提高本地区人口素质。方法以大庆地区出生的新生儿为筛查对象,于出生后48~72h,充分哺乳后采取足跟血,应用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测标本中促甲状腺素(TSH)含量,TSH≥10m IU/L为初筛临界值,以血清TSH、血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)和血清游离甲状腺素(FT4)浓度确诊。结果2004年1月至2005年12月2年期间共筛查32524例,确诊先天性甲状腺功能减低症患儿10例,结果(x-±s)纸片法TSH 69.89±23.79,血清TSH 85.18±15.62,FT37.32±2.69,FT44.25±1.34。其中男2例、女8例,发病率为万分之3.07(5/16262)。结论大庆市测得甲状腺功能减低症发病率为万分之3.07,高于国、内外其他地区报道。早发现早治疗可避免患儿的智力障碍,对提高我国人口素质有着十分重要的意义。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The case for allele‐specific recognition by the TCR

There is a sharp difference in how one views TCR structure–function–behaviour dependent on whether its recognition of major histocompatibility complex‐encoded restriction elements (R) is germline selected or somatically generated. The generally accepted or Standard model is built on the assumption that recognition of R is by the V regions of the αβ TCR, which is not driven by allele specificity, whereas the competing model posits that recognition of R is allele‐specific. The establishing of allele‐specific recognition of R by the TCR would rule out the Standard model and clear the road to a consideration of a competing construct, the Tritope model. Here, the case for allele‐specific recognition (germline selected) is detailed making it obvious that the Standard model is untenable.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.