睡眠养育照护行为与儿童健康

儿童早期是睡眠/觉醒模式发展变化迅速的一个阶段,不恰当的睡眠养育照护方式将会导致婴幼儿睡眠问题的高发.一旦出现睡眠问题,将会对儿童的体格生长、认知发育、情绪行为等方面造成不良影响.为了提高婴幼儿睡眠质量,预防睡眠问题的发生,儿童保健医生应积极为养育照护者提供婴幼儿睡眠健康知识宣传和预见性指导,引导养育照护者采取科学的睡...     

Sleep, health and the dynamics of biomedicine

This paper examines the relationship between sleep and health from a sociological perspective. Two interrelated case studies are explored: the emergence of the category of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, nowadays the most commonly diagnosed sleep disorder, and the shaping of continuous positive airway pressure, the therapy of choice for sleep apnoea in contemporary clinical practice. Data were gathered through a historical review of relevant literature and observation of online patient discussion groups. The examples analysed show that although the social organisation of the relationship between sleep and health can be understood as a process of medicalisation, this framework is insufficient for understanding how researchers, clinicians and patients interactively deploy the knowledge, techniques and technologies through which different 'sleep problems' are understood and managed. By exploring the generative aspects of those processes of contestation and divergence within biomedicine it is possible to initiate a re-evaluation of the role of patients' identity in the transformation of sleep medicine and associated health technologies.     

大学生居家学习期间睡眠质量及心理健康状况的调查分析

目的 调查新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情影响下大学生的睡眠质量及心理健康状况,为居家学习大学生及时进行心理疏导提供依据。方法 基于问卷星在线调查平台,以湖北中医药大学、甘肃中医药大学515名居家学习大学生作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数、心理健康自评问卷进行调查,分析居家学习期间大学生睡眠质量与心理健康状况的影响因素。结果 515例学生中,PSQI得分≥8分者 89 例（17.3%）,SRQ - 20≥ 7 分者128例（24.9%）。大学生PSQI得分与SRQ - 20得分呈正相关关系。高年级、家庭关系不和睦、对网络教学不适应是影响大学生睡眠质量和心理健康共同的危险因素,24点后就寝、失眠是影响大学生心理健康的危险因素。结论 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情和授课方式改变对居家学习大学生睡眠及心理健康有一定影响,学校与相关部门应采取必要措施进行疏导。     

Sleep clinics with health visitors: a 2-year evaluation

This study was undertaken to evaluate a service for sleep clinics over a time span of 2 years. The service was operated jointly by health visitors and clinical psychologists and based on a previous model run by the same team of psychologists and child development advisors. The outcome was not supportive of this type of service in terms of referral rates over a period of time, improvement rate, continued existence or cost-effectiveness of such a service. The reasons for the difficulties of such clinics are discussed.     

Sleep patterns in rural elders: demographic, health, and psychobehavioral correlates

Altered sleep patterns, including changes in bedtime, sleep latency, total sleep time, and arising time, have been reported to occur with increasing age. We examine self-reported sleep patterns in a geographically-defined population (n = 3097) of persons aged 65 years and older. Sleep patterns were characterized according to demographic variables, clinical conditions, and physical, psychological, and social functioning. Sleep latency and total hours of sleep increased with age, and older respondents went to bed earlier. The percentage of respondents who reported feeling rested in the morning decreased with age. Women went to bed later, had longer sleep latency, and fewer hours of sleep than men, and were less likely to report feeling rested than men. Sleep patterns were also related to educational attainment, self-perceived health status, physical functional status, psychotropic drug use, alcohol use, depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, and social and recreational activity level. This population study suggests that sleep problems among the elderly are sometimes associated with treatable health conditions and modifiable behavioral and environmental characteristics.     

Adolescents' Sleep Behaviors and Perceptions of Sleep

Background:  Sleep duration affects the health of children and adolescents. Shorter sleep durations have been associated with poorer academic performance, unintentional injuries, and obesity in adolescents. This study extends our understanding of how adolescents perceive and deal with their sleep issues.
Methods:  General education classes were randomly selected from a convenience sample of three high schools in the Midwest. Three hundred eighty-four ninth- to twelfth-grade students (57%) completed a self-administered valid and reliable questionnaire on sleep behaviors and perceptions of sleep.
Results:  Most respondents (91.9%) obtained inadequate sleep (≤ 9 hours) on most school nights of the week, with 10% reporting less than 6 hours of sleep each week night. The majority indicated that not getting enough sleep had the following effects on them: being more tired during the day (93.7%), having difficulty paying attention (83.6%), lower grades (60.8%), increase in stress (59.0%), and having difficulty getting along with others (57.7%). Some students reported engaging in harmful behaviors to help them sleep: taking sleeping pills (6.0%), smoking a cigarette to relax (5.7%), and drinking alcohol in the evening (2.9%). Students who received fewer hours of sleep were significantly more likely to report being stressed (p = .02) and were more likely to be overweight (p = .04).
Conclusions:  Inadequate sleep time may be contributing to adolescent health problems such as increased stress and obesity. Findings indicate a need for sleep hygiene education for adolescents and their parents. A long-term solution to chronic sleep deprivation among high school students could include delaying high school start times, such as was done successfully in the Minneapolis Public School District.     

Sleep hygiene behaviours mediate the association between health/e-health literacy and mental wellbeing

Background

Health literacy and e-health literacy are important factors helping people shape awareness of health behaviours in different aspects, including sleep hygiene behaviours. Good sleep hygiene behaviours promote sleep quality and are beneficial to overall mental wellbeing.

Objective

We aimed to examine if sleep hygiene behaviours may mediate the association between health literacy/e-health literacy and mental wellbeing.

Methods

Adult Iranian subjects (n = 9775; mean [SD] age = 36.44 [11.97] years; 67.3% females) completed the Health Literacy Instrument for Adults, eHealth Literacy Scale, three items on sleep hygiene behaviour that have been used in prior research and the Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. Data were then subjected to structural equation modelling (SEM) including 500 bootstrapping resampling to examine whether sleep hygiene is a mediator in the relationship between health literacy/e-health literacy and mental wellbeing.

Findings

Both health literacy and e-health literacy were significantly associated with mental wellbeing (r = .63 for health literacy and .39 for e-health literacy; p < .001) and sleep hygiene behaviours (r = .58 for health literacy and .36 for e-health literacy; p < .001). Sleep hygiene behaviours were significantly associated with mental wellbeing (r = .42; p < .001). Moreover, SEM that incorporated bootstrapping approaches indicated that sleep hygiene behaviours were significant mediators in the association between health literacy/e-health literacy and mental wellbeing.

Conclusions

We conclude that health literacy and e-health literacy are associated with mental health wellbeing in the Iranian population. Additionally, the association could be mediated via sleep hygiene behaviours.

Patient or Public Contribution

The study was co-designed with healthcare providers from the vice-Chancellor's Office for Health Affairs of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences as equal partners. Moreover, the women's health volunteers were involved in the design of the study.     

Oxygen Desaturation in Sleep: Sleep Apnea and COPD

Studies of patients with sleep apnea have led to etiologic differentiation into two major categories: central, in which neurologic defects produce transient interruption of respiratory effort, and obstructive. Relationships to pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale, as well as to COPD, are discussed. Indications for tracheostomy and various medical modalities are reviewed.     

音乐睡眠仪及一种控制睡眠的方法

利用心率与音乐播放速度的相互调节,通过对音乐节拍的改变,引导心率降低;通过对音乐添加人造脑波或用户自身脑波并导入人体,诱导人脑产生相应的脑波,使人快速进入或退出睡眠状态。     

Sleep and Inflammation

Among adults in the United States, sleep durations appear to have decreased in recent years. Inadequate sleep and sleep deprivation cause numerous neurobe-havioral and physiological changes. A number of recent studies have reported associations between disrupted sleep/sleep deprivation and inflammatory responses, although the physiological mechanisms underlying these relationships remain unclear. Alterations in sleep due to lifestyle factors, the aging process, and disease states have all been associated with increases in a range of inflammatory markers. Several of these inflammatory processes have been associated with reduced health status (e.g., C-reactive protein and cardiovascular disease). Thus, maintaining adequate sleep duration and quality through good sleep habits and treatment of sleep disorders may reduce inflammatory processes associated with aging and increase the wellness phenotype.     

婴儿睡眠情况与睡眠障碍的现况研究

目的 了解嘉兴市1～12月龄婴儿睡眠状况.方法 由专人对嘉兴市妇幼保健院儿保门诊婴儿健康体检的1～12月龄婴儿家长进行婴儿睡眠状况问卷调查.结果 1～3、4～6、7～9和10～12月龄等4个月龄组婴儿平均每日睡眠时间分别为15.52、14.40、13.07和12.01 h.4个月龄组之间比较总睡眠时间和白天睡眠时间,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;夜间睡眠时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.1～12月龄婴儿各月龄组的白天和夜晚睡眠次数比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.1～12月龄婴儿中〉50%在20：00前入睡,在20：00-22：00之间入睡者〉20%,而在22：00后入睡者〈15%.1～12月龄婴儿睡眠障碍检出率为35.26%.4个月龄组婴儿睡眠障碍发生率比较除昼夜节律紊乱差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,其余差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 婴儿睡眠时间不足以及睡眠障碍发生率较高,应引起社会、家长和各级儿童保健工作者的重视.     

哈尔滨市学龄儿童睡眠状况研究

目的 了解哈尔滨市学龄儿童的睡眠状况,分析这一年龄段儿童主要存在的睡眠问题.方法 采用分级整群抽样方法,于2013年10-11月对哈尔滨市4个城区的6所小学、2 903名学龄儿童进行家庭社会环境与睡眠健康的问卷调查.结果 哈尔滨市学龄儿童睡眠时间不足发生率平时为72.1％,周末为41.9％.睡眠问题在学龄儿童中普遍存在,除夜醒问题外,其他类型睡眠问题均有显著的年龄别差异.影响儿童发生睡眠障碍的因素有是否参加补习班、特长班;是否服用影响神经系统的食物、药物;是否经常从事兴奋性活动;抚养人、母亲孕期及产后是否有情绪低落;是否患有食物或药物过敏等.结论 哈尔滨市学龄儿童睡眠时间普遍少,各类睡眠问题的发生率高,儿童睡眠健康问题应得到社会各方面的关心和重视.     

Direct and Indirect Associations of Sleep Knowledge and Attitudes With Objective and Subjective Sleep Duration and Quality via Sleep Hygiene

Although a few studies have examined sleep knowledge and attitudes as predictors of sleep behavior, the question of which better predicts actual sleep behavior is still open. Furthermore, the construct of sleep attitudes has been inconsistently defined and measured. We examined both sleep knowledge and attitudes to determine their unique associations with sleep hygiene behaviors, and direct and indirect associations with objective and subjective sleep outcomes. College students (N?=?218) completed a series of questionnaires before and after wearing a FitBit Flex accelerometer for 7 days. We collected objective sleep duration and quality using this apparatus, while participants reported subjective sleep outcomes, hygiene behaviors, knowledge, and attitudes. Analyses controlled for self-reported depression, diagnosed sleep disorder, and sleep-related medications. For both objective and subjective measures, more positive sleep attitudes but not greater sleep knowledge was directly associated with longer sleep duration, and indirectly (through sleep hygiene) with better sleep quality. The role of sleep attitudes in sleep-related behaviors and outcomes deserves further investigation as a potentially modifiable factor in sleep intervention efforts.