帕金森病伴发抑郁的神经递质改变

目的　探讨帕金森病 (PD)伴发抑郁的神经递质改变。方法　用抑郁自评量表 (CESD)和汉密尔顿抑郁量表 (HAMD)评出PD伴发抑郁患者 33例 ,其中轻度抑郁 2 4例 ,中、重度抑郁 9例 :另取阑尾炎、腹股沟疝气、内、外混合痔等 2 5例作为对照组。应用高效液相色谱仪 ,电化学检测器对两组患者进行了脑脊液 (CSF)中单胺类神经递质 5 羟色胺 (5 HT)的代谢产物 5 羟吲哚乙酸 (5 HIAA)和去甲肾上腺素 (NE)的代谢产物 3 甲氧基 4羟基苯乙二醇 (MHPG)的含量测定。结果　患者组CSF中的 5 HIAA和MHPG含量均低于对照组 ,P <0 .0 1,有显著性差异。结论　PD伴发抑郁的患者其CSF中 5 HIAA和MHPG含量显著减少 ,抑郁症状可能与 5 HT和 (或 )NE的缺乏有关。提示PD伴发抑郁有着相应的生化病理基础     

帕金森病患者立体定向手术前后脑脊液单胺类递质含量的改变

目的　研究帕金森病 (PD)患者脑立体定向手术前后脑脊液 (CSF)中单胺类递质含量的变化。方法测定 2 6例原发性PD患者 (PD组 )脑立体定向术前、后CSF中多巴胺 (DA)、5 羟色胺 (5 HT)、去甲肾上腺素 (NE)及其代谢产物高香草酸 (HVA)、5 羟吲哚乙酸 (5 HIAA)、3 甲氧基 4羟基苯乙二醇 (MHPG)的含量 ,另外测定 2 5例外科疾病腰麻手术患者 (对照组 )CSF中HVA、5 HIAA、MHPG含量。结果　PD组CSF中HVA、5 HIAA、MHPG含量明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 0 1、P <0 0 5、P <0 0 0 1) ;手术后组的CSF中DA、HVA ,、5 HT、5 HIAA、NE、MHPG含量明显高于手术前组 (其中DA、HVA、5 HT、5 HIAA和NE均P <0 0 0 1;MHPGP <0 0 5 )。结论　PD患者CSF单胺类神经递质代谢产物含量明显降低 ,脑立体定向术可提高PD患者脑部单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物的含量 ,其发生机制可能与DA能神经元的保护作用有关     

无先兆偏头痛患者血单胺类递质变化的研究

目的 了解5－羟色胺（5－TH）、5－羟吲哚乙酸（5－HIAA）、多巴胺（DA）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）在无先兆偏头痛发病中的作用。方法 用荧光分光光度法检测35例无先兆偏头痛患者（发作期16例、间歇期19例）和23例正常人血浆及血小板5－HT、5－HIAA、DA、NE含量。结果 无先兆偏头痛患者发作期组血浆5－HT含量低于对照组（P＜0.05),而5－HIAA含量高于对照组（P＜0.01）;间歇期组5－HT含量高于发作期组,而5－HIAA含量低于发作期组（P＜0.01）;发作期组血浆DA、NE含量均低于对照组（P＜0.01）间歇期组血浆DA与发作期组相比亦有显著性差异（P＜0.01）。无先兆偏头痛患者发作期组血小板5－HT含量高于对照组和间歇期组,而5－HIAA含量低于对照组和间歇期组（P＜0.01）;而发作期组血小板NE含量高于对照组和间歇期组（P＜0.01）;DA含量则低于对照组和间歇期组（P＜0.01）。结论 单胺类递质对偏头痛的发生可能有重要意义。     

肝豆状核变性的血清和脑脊液递质的初步报告

本文应用萤光分光光度计测定44例肝豆状核变性患者血清及脑脊液的单胺类递质前体物一色氨酸和酪氨酸以及5—HT、5—HIAA、NE 和 DA 等。从42例的 CSF 值分析 DA、NE、5—HIAA 等浓度与正常人无显著差异。血清色氨酸较对照组增高,其增高原因尚待进一步探讨。     

帕金森病伴发抑郁的神经生化机制及白质纤维的变化

目的探讨帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)伴发抑郁的神经生化机制及白质纤维变化。方法连续收集2015-10—2017-12就诊于北京天坛医院的72例PD患者,根据24项汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分(HAMD-24)将患者分为PD伴发抑郁(PD with depression,PD-D)组和PD不伴发抑郁(PD without depression,PD-ND)组。比较两组患者脑脊液多巴胺(dopamine,DA)、5-羟色胺(serotonin,5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(epinephrine,NE)水平及弥散张量成像-回波平面成像序列中各向异性分数(fractional anisotrophy,FA)的差异,并分析PD患者脑组织FA值与HAMD评分和脑脊液DA、5-HT、NE的相关性。结果与PD-ND组相比,PD-D组脑脊液DA、5-HT水平下降(均P0.05),其中脑脊液DA水平与HAMD评分呈负相关(r-0.267,P0.05)。(2)PD-D患者穹窿、双侧扣带回、双侧额-枕束上辐射的FA值较PD-ND患者明显下降(均P0.05),并与HAMD评分呈负相关(均P0.05),双侧扣带回及双侧额-枕束上辐射的FA值与脑脊液DA水平呈正相关(均P0.05)。结论DA及5-HT可能参与PD-D的发生,其中DA可能发挥更大的作用;PD-D患者穹窿、双侧扣带回及双侧额-枕束上辐射的白质纤维束受损更重,并与PD-D相关;双侧扣带回及额-枕束上辐射的破坏可能涉及DA能投射纤维,从而与PD-D相关。     

无先兆偏头痛患者血浆及血小板5-HT、5-HIAA含量的变化

目的　了解 5 -羟色胺 (5 - HT)、5 -羟吲哚乙酸 (5 - HIAA)在无先兆偏头痛发病中的作用。方法　用荧光分光光度法检测 2 0例无先兆偏头痛患者 (病例组 )和 2 3名正常人 (对照组 )血浆及血小板 5 - HT、5 - HI-AA的含量。结果　病例组发作期血浆 5 - HT含量低于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而 5 - HIAA高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;间歇期血浆 5 - HT高于发作期 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而 5 - HIAA含量低于发作期 (P<0 .0 5 )。发作期血小板 5 - HT含量显著高于间歇期和对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,而 5 - HIAA含量显著低于间歇期和对照组 (P<0 .0 1)。病例组 (含发作期和间歇期 )血小板 5 - HT含量高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而 5 - HIAA含量显著低于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　无先兆偏头痛患者不同时期其血浆和血小板 5 - HT、5 - HIAA含量发生不同变化     

癫(疒间)患者事件相关电位和血浆单胺类神经递质水平的改变及其关系

目的探讨癫患者事件相关电位(ERP)和血浆单胺类神经递质水平的改变及其相关性。方法对50例癫患者进行ERP和血浆去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)水平检测,并与正常对照组比较。结果与正常对照组比较,癫组ERP的N2、P3波潜伏期延长,P3波幅明显降低(均P<0.01),血浆NE、DA和5-HT水平显著降低(均P<0.01)。癫组ERP的P3波潜伏期与血浆NE、DA和5-HT水平呈负相关(r=-0.33,r=-0.41,r=-0.46,均P<0.01),P3波幅与其呈正相关(r=0.32,r=0.39,r=0.48,均P<0.01)。结论癫患者有ERP异常和血浆单胺类神经递质水平降低;并且ERP异常程度与血浆单胺类神经递质水平相关。     

精神分裂症患者的中枢多巴胺和5—羟色胺浓度及其性别差异

目的 了解精神分裂症中枢多巴胺（DA）与5－羟色胺（5－HT）相互作用的变化及其性别影响的程度。方法 应用高效液相色谱对符合CCMD－2精神分裂症诊断标准的30例男性病人、37例女性病人、21例男性对照组、9例女性对照组脑脊液中DA、5－HT及其代谢产物高香草酸（HVA）、5－羟吲哚乙酸（5－HIAA）进行测试,并应用5－HT／DA、5－HIAA／HVA作为它们的相互作用的指标。结果 5－HT／DA、5－HIAA／HVA在4组中有显著性差异（F＝3．567,P＝0．032;F＝12．464,P＝0．001）,进一步分析提示;女性分裂症5－HT／DA显著低于男性对照组,且男性、女性分裂症及男性对照组5－HIAA／HVA均显著低于女性对照组。在男性病例组的相关分析中,5－HT／DA与BPRS及其阳性症状呈显著负漠、非特异性症状呈显著负、正相关;5－HIAA／HVA与思维形式障碍呈显著正相关。结论 精神分裂症患者存在中枢DA和5－HT相互作用的失平衡,这种失平衡与某些重要精神症状有关,且受性别因素的影响。     

帕金森病伴发抑郁的神经递质改变

目的探讨帕金森病伴发抑郁的神经递质改变.方法用抑郁自评量表(CESD)和汗密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评出帕金森病伴发抑郁患者33例,其中轻度抑郁24例,重度抑郁9例;另取阑尾炎、腹股沟疝、内、外混合痔等25例为对照组.应用日本岛津6A高效液相色谱仪,岛津电化学检测器对两组患者进行了脑脊液(CSF)中单胺类神经递质代谢产物5-羟吲哚已酸(5-HIAA)和3-甲氧-4羟苯乙二醇(MHPG)的含量测定.并进行统计处理.结果两组均数用近似法t检验,(两总体方差不齐)以-x±S表示,结果显示患者组中的5-HIAA和MHPG含量均低于对照组,差异有非常显著性.结论本组通过测定5-HT的代谢产物5-HIAA和NA的代谢产物MHPG,证实了PD伴发患者抑郁的患者其CSF中5-HIAA和MHPG含量显著减少,抑郁症状被认为与5-HT和(或)NA的缺乏有关.本文显示PD伴发抑郁有其生化病理基础.     

立体定向毁损大鼠杏仁核及隔核对脑内单胺类递质含量的影响

目的 :探讨杏仁核及隔核毁损后AMP模型大鼠脑内单胺类递质含量的变化。方法 :经腹腔注射苯丙胺 (amphetamine ,AMP)制作精神分裂症动物模型 ,用立体定向技术电极毁损大鼠杏仁核及隔核 ,采用荧光分光光度法和放射免疫法测定大鼠前额叶、间脑和脑干多巴胺 (DA)、5 羟色胺 ( 5 HT)和去甲肾上腺素 (NE)的含量。结果 :杏仁核及隔核毁损组前额叶DA低于模型组 (P <0 0 1) ,5 HT、NE均高于模型组 (P <0 0 1) ;杏仁核及隔核毁损组间脑DA、NE均低于模型组 (P <0 0 1) ,5 HT高于模型组 (P <0 0 1) ;脑干DA、NE均低于模型组 (P <0 0 1) ,5 HT高于模型组 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :AMP模型大鼠前额叶和脑干DA含量增高、5 HT和NE含量下降 ,间脑DA、NE含量增高、5 HT含量下降 ,立体定向毁损杏仁核及隔核能够改变脑内单胺类递质的水平。     

抑郁症患者自杀与脑脊液单胺代谢产物的关系

目的：探讨抑郁症患者自杀与脑脊液单胺代谢产物之间的关系。方法：应用高效液相色谱法，测定24例抑郁症患者(自杀组10例，无自杀组14例)及25例对照组5-羟色胺(5-HT)代谢产物5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)，去甲肾上腺素(NE)代谢产物3-甲基-4-羟苯乙二醇(MHPG)及多巴胺(DA)代谢产物高香草酸(HVA)的浓度。结果：抑郁症自杀组5-HIAA浓度显著低于对照组，男性自杀组5-HIAA浓度、HVA浓度和HVA／MHPG比值均显著低于男性对照组，女性则无显著差异：结论：抑郁症患者自杀可能与5-HT和DA功能低下以及DA和NE之间的关系改变有关。     

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain monoamine metabolites in the developing rat pup

Concentrations of the neurotransmitters, serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE) were measured in the developing rat brain at 12, 19, 26 and 42 days of age. The amino acid precursors, tryptophan (TRP) and tyrosine (TYR) were measured along with the 5-HT and DA metabolites, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA), in brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the above ages. This first report of CSF HVA levels in the developing rat shows that it, like 5-HIAA, declines with age. In contrast, the ontogeny of the compounds in brain are dissimilar, with 5-HIAA remaining relatively constant with age while HVA declines markedly. Possible reasons for the differences and similarities in the ontogeny of 5-HIAA and HVA levels in brain and CSF are discussed. The persistence of the ontogenetic pattern for the neurotransmitters and acid metabolites after central DA depletion is also reported.     

Cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in HIV-1 infection.

Reduced level of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in humans has been associated with a number of mental health and behavioral problems including depression, aggression, violence, sexual dysfunctions, sleep and eating disorders. Even though among HIV-1-infected individuals, prevalence of mental health and behavioral problems are common, their relationship with central nervous system serotonin functions is not clearly understood. This investigation was carried out to study the status of CSF 5-HT in HIV-1+ subjects (n = 21), in the early stage of infection, and HIV-1- control subjects (n = 24). Samples of CSF were obtained by lumbar puncture and were analyzed for 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with electrochemical detector. Levels of CSF 5-HT were significantly lower in the HIV-1+ group compared to the HIV-1- group. There was no significant difference in the CSF 5-HIAA levels between the two groups. In both groups, however, there was a significant correlation between CSF 5-HT and 5-HIAA. In the HIV-1 + group, although CSF 5-HT level was significantly negatively correlated with serostatus, there was no correlation between either CSF 5-HT or 5-HIAA levels and CD4 cell number or any behavioral measures evaluated in this study, including Beck's Depression Inventory and state/trait anxiety scores. These data suggest that HIV-1 infection affects the CNS 5-HT status with no significant association with measures of depression and anxiety, at least in the early stage of infection.     

Indoleamine and catecholamine concentrations in the mid-term human fetal brain

Because of the likelihood that androgen-induced sex specific brain differentiation is mediated by various neurotransmitters, their concentrations were measured in the mid-term human fetal hypothalamus, cortex and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Tissue was collected from 32 hysterotomy specimens aged from 10 to 23 weeks, immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -20 degrees C. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (5-HIAA), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) levels were measured by a fluorometric assay. Cord serum testosterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. In the male fetuses, hypothalamic concentrations of 5-HT, 5-HIAA and NE were all significantly increased in comparison to those in the cortex. Because the number of female fetuses was small, only the 5-HIAA levels were seen to be significantly higher in the hypothalamus than in the cortex. In the CSF from fetuses of both sexes, the DA levels were greatly raised. Concentrations of NE were significantly higher in male fetuses aged from 14-16 weeks, a time when plasma testosterone levels are also elevated. It is hypothesized that the raised plasma testosterone and hypothalamic NE concentrations are inter-related.     

Variations of monoamines and their metabolites in the human brain putamen

The levels of the monoamines dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) and the monoaminergic metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured with HPLC-ECD in 42 samples from human brain putamen. The influence of gender and of age was investigated and correlations between the monoamines were established. The DAergic system shows a significant difference between males and females, with females having lower DA and higher DOPAC levels and a higher DOPAC/DA ratio than males. No gender-related differences of 5-HT and its metabolites were observed, nor of NE. Three different age groups (group 1: 0–9.9 years; group 2: 10–59.9 years; group 3: 60 years and older) were defined according to previous studies on ontogenesis and senescence in human brain. An increase in 5-HT levels, decrease in 5-HIAA levels a d a decrease in the 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio were observed after the first decade of life. Changes in the DAergic system were seen in senescence, with decreasing DA levels and an increase in the HVA/DA ratio. DOPAC, HVA and the DOPAC/DA ratio are unaffected. NE is similar in all age groups. The analysis of the relation of the levels of the three monoamines proved a strong correlation between the DAergic and 5-HTergic systems. The nature of this relationship might have an impact on neuro-psychiatric disorders and brain function.     

Regional neurochemical studies on the effect of beta, beta'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) in the rat.

A permanent hyperkinetic syndrome, characterized by excitation, choreiform head and neck movements and circling, which has led to it being called collectively the "ECC-syndrome," is induced in rats by the daily IP administration of beta, beta'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), 300 mg/kg, for 7 days. The levels of the biogenic amines, norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), were measured in the striatum, midbrain, medulla, cortex, and cerebellum on the day the syndrome appeared (day 7) and one week later (day 14). The biogenic amine most affected by IDPN administration was 5-HT. On day 7, striatal 5-HT levels increased and 5-HIAA levels decreased while in the medulla and midbrain, 5-HIAA levels increased. On day 14, significant reductions in both 5-HT, in the midbrain, striatum, and cortex, and 5-HIAA, in all regions except the cortex, were observed. NE was markedly increased in the medulla, midbrain, and striatum on day 7, whereas on day 14 it was found to be within the normal range in these same regions. With the exception of a slight, but significant, increase in the cortex on day 7, DA levels in all regions were found to be relatively unaffected by IDPN administration on both day 7 and day 14. In an attempt to detect degenerative changes which might be taking place in the brain and which might provide an explanation for the permanency of the behavioral disturbances, the uptake of [3H]-labeled NE, DA, and 5-HT into synaptosomal-rich preparations of striatum and the uptake of NE and 5-HT into the midbrain area were compared between normal and syndromized rats on both day 7 and day 14. Small changes were observed but they were not statistically significant. The alterations of 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels in several regions of the brain under the conditions examined may indicate that IDPN's neurotoxicity primarily affects 5-HT-containing neurones. The active membrane transporting system of the nerve endings studied, however, remained relatively intact. This latter finding eliminates the possibility that neuronal degeneration in these areas is responsible for the decreased 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels or is the pathology underlying the permanency of the syndrome. These results are evaluated in terms of a possible model for hyperkinetic disorders.     

Dynamics of noradrenergic circadian input to the chicken pineal gland

To analyze the dynamics of sympathetic input to the chicken pineal the concentrations of catecholamines, indoleamines and some of their metabolites were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC) in the pineal glands of young chickens killed at different times of day. Rhythmic variations over 24 h were observed in tissue levels of dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), N-acetylserotonin (NAS) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), while norepinephrine (NE) concentrations exhibited no significant change. DA content peaked 2 h after onset of darkness and NAS was detectable only during the night. A bimodal pattern of 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels was observed with peak tissue levels occurring at dawn and dusk. To determine the possible differential effects of light on these biogenic amines, birds were sacrificed at midday, midnight and at midnight following a 1 h exposure to light, and their pineals processed for HPLC-EC. NE, DA and 5-HT levels were similar at midday and midnight, while 5-HIAA and NAS were elevated during the night. Midnight illumination decreased NE and NAS levels, increased 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels and had no effect on DA levels. Temporal variations in NE turnover were determined by pretreating young chickens with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, and measuring the rates of decline in NE content over 2 h at midday and midnight in birds held on light cycles and at mid-subjective day in birds held in constant darkness (DD).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in CSF. Difference in Parkinson's disease and dementia of the Alzheimer's type

Serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels were measured in the sixth, 13th, and 20th milliliters of CSF in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and in an aliquot of CSF in controls. In patients with PD there was a positive correlation between 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels in the 20th milliliter of CSF, while in patients with DAT there was a negative correlation of these levels in this CSF fraction. In patients with the senile form of DAT the 5-HIAA levels in the 20th milliliter of CSF were higher than in patients with PD. These results indicate differential involvement of the serotoninergic system in DAT and PD, and may lead to the development of a chemical marker for DAT.     

CSF and urinary biogenic amines and metabolites in depression and mania. A controlled, univariate analysis

Levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in the CSF, and norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), vanillylmandelic acid, normetanephrine, metanephrine, and MHPG in the urine, were measured in 151 hospitalized patients with affective disorders and in 80 healthy controls following a two-week drug-free period. Unipolar and bipolar depressed subjects differed only in NE and E levels. Compared with controls, depressed subjects had higher CSF MHPG levels, women had higher 5-HIAA levels, and men had lower HVA levels. All urinary metabolites were elevated in depression and mania, with the exception of MHPG. The patterns of NE-E differences discriminated among the forms of affective disorders. These data suggest an imbalance of monoamine transmission in depression, characterized by the hyperactive sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla. However, MHPG may not be the measure of choice to reflect this imbalance, necessitating measurement of total body monoamine output.