A retrospective study of the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of soft-tissue sarcoma

One hundred and forty patients with soft-tissue sarcoma were seen between 1965 and 1974 and the pathology has been reviewed in 93 cases. One hundred and eight patients were treated radically. Their overall survival rate was 53% at 5 years and 41% at 10 years. Overall local control was 63% but primary local control varied considerably with treatment, being highest for those receiving surgery and post-operative radiotherapy. The poor prognosis of patients with paravertebral tumours is confirmed.     

Treatment of malignant biliary obstruction by percutaneous transhepatic insertion of expandable metallic stents

A group of 55 patients with jaundice secondary to malignant biliary obstruction were treated with percutaneous transhepatic insertion of self-expandable metal stents (Wallstents). Obstruction was caused by pancreatic carcinoma in 22 patients, cholangiocarcinoma in 21 patients, and other malignancies in 12 patients. A total of 16 patients were treated for hilar obstruction, 35 patients for obstruction of the bile duct below the hilum, and 4 patients for obstruction in a bilioenteric anastomosis. Stent insertion was performed as a two-step procedure in 37 patients, but as a one-step procedure in 18 patients. Adequate bile drainage was achieved in all patients. Procedure-related complications occured in 9 % of cases. After 24 months of observation time 46 patients had died (mean survival 4.6 months). The 30-day mortality rate was 5.5 %. A total of 14 patients (25.5 %) developed recurrent jaundice after an average of 5.3 (0–13) months. Percutaneous insertion of Wallstents ensures good palliation, is relatively safe, and may be performed as a one-step procedure. Correspondence to: P. Hannesson     

1-Alpha-hydroxy vitamin D in dialysis bone disease: radiological changes after 6 and 12 months of treatment

Biochemical, radiological and histological indicators of dialysis bone disease were studied before, 6 months (58 patients) and 12 months (48 patients) after starting treatment with 1 alpha-OH D3. Radiographic healing of subperiosteal erosions was seen after 6 months in 60% and after 12 months in 77% of affected patients. Radiographic improvement, however, was not significantly related to reductions in resorptive surfaces seen on quantitative bone histology, nor to changes in plasma concentrations of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone. Metastatic calcification appeared or increased in 43% of patients after 6 months and 52% after 12 months. Periosteal new bone developed or increased in 14% of patients after 6 months and 17% after 12 months. Both metastatic calcification and periosteal new bone formation were associated with high plasma phosphate concentrations, but not with plasma calcium, alkaline phosphatase or parathyroid hormone concentrations. Treatment with 1 alpha-OH D3 produces radiological improvement in the majority of patients with dialysis bone disease, but the lack of correlation with histological changes confirms the need for regular radiographic examination. Metastatic calcification and periosteal new bone formation probably represent toxicity of 1 alpha-OH D3 but may be minimised by phosphate restriction.     

Malignant biliary obstruction complicated by ascites: transjugular insertion of an expandable metallic endoprosthesis

Although the transjugular approach has long been used to provide safe access to the liver, it has not been used for placement of stents in biliary obstruction. The recent development of an expandable metallic endoprosthesis now makes this method more feasible. The case of a patient with malignant biliary obstruction complicated by ascites is presented herein. Palliation was achieved with an expandable biliary endoprosthesis placed by the transjugular-hepatic vein approach.     

经胆道支架置入放射性粒子条治疗恶性胆道梗阻

目的探讨经胆道支架置入放射性粒子条治疗恶性胆道梗阻的疗效。 方法38例恶性胆道梗阻的患者,应用¹²⁵I粒子,每个¹²⁵I粒子长4.5 mm、直径0.8 mm,送入导管制备粒子条。先行经皮肝穿刺胆道引流（PTCD）术;导丝经皮通过梗阻段,先行球囊导管扩张,后行经皮胆道支架成形术;然后经支架置入8～10F胆道引流管;再将装有粒子条的导管在透视下经胆道引流管送入所需照射部位,包敷固定引流管体外部分或包埋于皮下。 结果38例中36例成功施行经皮胆道支架成形术及放射性粒子条置入术,术后患者的胆红素均降至正常或接近正常（P<0.05）,未出现明显不良反应。 讨论经皮胆道支架成形术后联合放射性粒子条置入术治疗恶性胆道梗阻是一种安全有效的方法。     

梗阻性黄疸介入治疗的临床价值（附30例分析）

目的探讨梗阻性黄疸介入治疗的临床价值.方法30例梗阻性黄疸患者在经皮穿刺胆道造影后进行介入治疗,其中PTCD19例,PTCD+胆道内支架11例,共使用金属支架16枚.结果全组技术成功率100%,其中28例(占93.3%)黄疸消退满意,治疗前后血清总胆红素相差的均数±标准误差为205.3±93.4μmol/L,P＜0.01,直接胆红素相差的均数±标准误差为133.8±57.1祄μmol/L,P＜0.01.2例因梗阻复杂及术后胆道感染,效果不满意.全组30天病死率3.3%(1/30).结论经皮胆道内支架置入术和PTCD是姑息性治疗梗阻性黄疸的安全有效方法.     

Malignant biliary obstruction complicated by ascites: Closure of the transhepatic tract with cyanoacrylate glue after placement of an endoprosthesis

A new technique using cyanoacrylate glue is suggested for closing the transparenchymal tract following metallic endoprosthesis placement in a patient with malignant biliary obstruction complicated by ascites. With this technique, complications related to bile reflux through the transparenchymal tract would be avoided after transhepatic endoprosthesis placement in patients who have ascites. This technique would also be useful for avoiding bleeding following transhepatic portal venous puncture.     

经皮肝穿刺胆管-胃引流治疗梗阻性黄疸动物实验

目的 探讨经皮肝穿刺胆管-胃引流(PTCGD)治疗顽固性胆道梗阻黄疸的可行性、安全性和有效性.方法 健康杂种家猪20只,行胆总管结扎,建立梗阻性黄疸动物模型.动物于术后14 d随机分成两组:①PTCGD组(A组,n=10):行PTCGD,置入内引流管.②对照组(B组,n=10):在胆总管结扎后不予治疗.两组在不同时间段内观察血清总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT),白蛋白(ALB)变化,比较2组间及内引流前后差异,观察肝脏病理学和影像学改变.结果 A组技术成功率为100%,行PTCGD后肝内胆管扩张明显减轻,肝功能显著改善,病理表现显示肝组织明显修复好转.B组动物分别死于胆总管结扎术后23～32 d,TBIL、DBIL、ALT在胆总管结扎后持续升高,并且随梗阻时间延长逐步加重,胆管造影显示肝内外胆管重度扩张,病理显示肝小叶出现大片状坏死,小叶间胆管胆汁淤滞,扩张明显,肝细胞崩解.结论 PTCGD是梗阻性黄疸动物模型,特别是常规介入放射学技术不能成功的顽固性胆道梗阻又一较为安全、有效、微创的治疗方法.     

Radionuclides in the evaluation of urinary obstruction

Radionuclide renography and renal scanning techniques are ideally suited to the initial and follow-up evaluation of patients with obstructive uropathy. While other modalities are superior in their ability to provide anatomic information, the radionuclide study yields functional information for each kidney without the necessity to resort to invasive studies. In addition, the Nuclear Medicine study is well suited to the evaluation of obstruction where serial studies often are required because of a lower radiation burden compared to urography. This lower radiation dose is especially important in obstruction because of the recurrent nature of several kinds of obstructive uropathy and because of the high incidence in the pediatric age group. The ability to control urine flow rate during the procedure through dehydration or administration of diuretics is an additional benefit. Increasing availability of computerization of nuclear medicine procedures as well as interest in studies employing physiologic intervention (including the diuresis renogram) have assured an important place for radionuclide studies in the evaluation of patients with urinary obstruction.