三七总皂苷肠溶微丸的包衣液处方优选

目的：优选三七总皂苷肠溶微丸的包衣液处方。方法：采用单因素法,考察不同包衣材料比例、溶剂系统、包衣材料浓度、着色剂和增塑剂等对肠溶微丸外观、收得率、释放度等的影响,优化包衣液处方。结果：三七总皂苷肠溶微丸包衣液处方为尤特奇（EUDRAGIT）L100∶S100：1∶4,溶于75%乙醇后总浓度为6%,柠檬酸三乙酯相对尤特奇树脂用量为20%,柠檬黄用量为0.03%。结论：按优选出的包衣液处方制备的肠溶微丸表面光滑,圆整度好,色泽光鲜,收得率高,释放度符合要求。     

喷雾干燥法制备陈皮挥发油微囊的影响因素考察

目的探索喷雾干燥技术对制备陈皮挥发油微囊成型性的影响。方法以阿拉伯胶为囊材,采用喷雾干燥法制备陈皮挥发油微囊。单因素考察进风温度、进样速度、喷雾空气流量以及排风容积。采用均匀设计对工艺参数进行优选。结果最佳条件为囊材阿拉伯胶与药物比为0.9,增塑剂微粉硅胶与囊材比为0.15,进风温度145℃,进样速度18mL/min,喷雾空气流量40L/h。制得的微囊表面较光滑,平均包封率达84.50%,平均载药量为28.32%。结论所选用的喷雾干燥法优化条件比较合理,能够较显著的提高挥发油微囊的稳定性。     

液质联用研究麦冬皂苷肠溶微球在大鼠体内的相对生物利用度

目的研究单次ig麦冬皂苷肠溶微球在大鼠体内的相对生物利用度,以期提供最为直接的制剂质量评价。方法建立HPLC-M S分析方法,以固相萃取技术(SPE)进行血样处理,测定单次ig麦冬皂苷肠溶微球(被测制剂)及混悬剂(参比制剂)后不同时间血浆中薯蓣皂苷元的质量浓度,绘制药-时曲线,计算药动学参数及相对生物利用度。结果Cm ax为(637.81±17.23)ng/mL,tm ax为(4.0±0.0)h,AUC0-72为7 840.01±412.03。结论麦冬皂苷肠溶微球与普通混悬剂在ig单次给药后,大鼠体内的吸收、分布、消除性质颇为相似,其药动学参数数据也较为一致,相对生物利用度为(91.10±3.44)%。     

乳化剂扩散法制备克拉霉素肠溶微球及其影响因素考察

[目的]制备克拉霉素肠溶微球,并考察其影响因素.[方法]以肠溶高分子材料为衣膜材料,采用乳化剂扩散法制备克拉霉素肠溶微球,对影响微球形态、粒径分布、收率及体外释放行为的处方因素、制备因素和溶剂系统进行考察.[结果]制备的克拉霉素肠溶微球圆整度较高,粒径随搅拌速率增加而减小;收率随架桥剂用量的增加而减少,良溶剂用量的增加而增加;并受不良溶剂中乳化剂种类的影响.[结论]乳化剂扩散法可用于制备具有固体分散体结构的肠溶微球.     

兰索拉唑双相释药微丸胶囊的制备

目的：研究兰索拉唑双相释药微丸胶囊剂的制备方法。方法采用离心造粒法制备兰索拉唑含药微丸,用流化床包衣法分别制备兰索拉唑肠溶微丸和肠溶脉冲微丸,然后将两种微丸按固定比例填充至空心胶囊内。用体外释放度法观察肠溶微丸累计释放量。结果优化处方：载药丸心中碳酸镁用量15%,低取代羟丙纤维素（L-HPC）用量20%;肠溶微丸中隔离衣层增重9%~10%,肠溶衣层增重＞41%;肠溶脉冲微丸溶胀层包衣增重50%~60%,控释层包衣增重50%,肠溶衣层增重＞41%,后干燥时间为4h。结论以肠溶微丸技术制备兰索拉唑双相释药微丸胶囊,工艺可行,重复性良好,质量稳定可靠。     

喷雾干燥法制备川芎嗪壳聚糖微球的研究

目的 制备川芎嗪壳聚糖微球,并对其体外释药模式进行研究.方法 采用喷雾干燥法制备川芎嗪壳聚糖微球,以包封产率为指标,考察处方及工艺因素对壳聚糖微球的影响,采用L9(34)正交设计对处方和工艺进行优化.结果 壳聚糖质量浓度0.01 g/mL,川芎嗪与壳聚糖的质量比1:4,进风温度120℃,空气流速500 L/h,所制得的川芎嗪壳聚糖微球表面圆整,载药量为(18.60土0.15)%,包封率为(93.01士0.76)%,平均粒径为(10.69±0.64)μm.体外释放具有良好的缓释特性,在1～15 h内拟合Higuchi方程Q=19.798 t1/2 25.209(r=0.997).结论 采用喷雾干燥法制得的川芎嗪壳聚糖微球包封产率较高,制备工艺简单、过程稳定,可望成为实现中药微球工业化的有效方法.     

三七总皂苷壳聚糖缓释微球的制备及体外释放特性研究

目的制备三七总皂苷壳聚糖缓释微球,并对其体外释药特性进行研究。方法采用乳化交联法制备三七总皂苷壳聚糖微球,以粒径分布、包封率、载药量及体外释药速度为评价指标,考察处方因素对壳聚糖微球的影响。并采用正交设计L9(34)对处方进行优化。结果微球的平均粒径为(4.2±0.3)μm,包封率为(28.58±2.76)%(n=3),载药量为(17.15±1.65)%(n=3)。结论通过优化处方和制备工艺,采用乳化交联法制备的三七总皂苷壳聚糖缓释微球,其体外释药具有明显的缓释作用且制备工艺简单。     

比沙可啶合成工艺研究

以聚丙烯酸树脂肠溶Ⅱ号为囊材,采用相分离－凝聚法制备了克拉霉素微球,该法微球得率为（９０．５±２．０）％（ｎ＝３）,所得微球粒径为１５５．１±２６．３９μｍ（ｎ＝１０００）,载药量为７５％,克拉霉素微球在蒸馏水中几乎不溶出,而在ｐＨ６．８磷酸盐缓冲溶...     

壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球的制备及其工艺优化

目的以壳聚糖(CS)为载体制备壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球(CS-SFGS-NPs),并考察其理化性质和体外释药性能。方法提取猪牙皂皂苷,利用紫外分光光度法测定皂苷含量。采用离子交联法制备壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球,并以壳聚糖质量浓度、三聚磷酸钠(TPP)质量浓度、投料质量比为考察对象,以平均粒径、包封率为评价指标优化壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球处方;采用Malvern粒度仪测定壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球的粒径分布和Zeta电位,透射电子显微镜考察其形态;以透析法考察壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球的体外释药行为。结果壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球的最优处方:壳聚糖质量浓度为2.0 mg/m L、三聚磷酸钠质量浓度为1.5 mg/m L、壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷投料比为4∶1;制备的壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球的包封率为84.7%±3.6%、粒径为(182.6±35.4)nm、Zeta电位为(+23.1±4.6)mV;透射电镜结果显示所制备的壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球为类球形颗粒,大小分布较为均匀;壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球在0.5h内的释放量低于40%。结论通过对处方的优化,制备得到的壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球具有合适的粒径和包封率,并能达到缓释效果。     

挤出滚圆法制备三七总皂苷微丸及其性质考察

目的：应用挤出滚圆法制备三七总皂苷微丸,研究微丸制备的最佳工艺和处方。方法：用挤出滚圆造粒机制备三七总皂苷微丸;采用单因素考察和正交设计筛选最优处方和工艺条件;考察了微丸粉体学性质、收率和体外溶出效果。结果：用挤出滚圆法制备的三七总皂苷微丸圆整度好,大小均匀,收率高,体外溶出迅速。结论：挤出滚圆法可以制备中药微丸。该工艺简便易行,制得的微丸质量好。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.