老年原发性高血压分级与颈动脉重构、粥样硬化的关系

目的探讨原发性高血压患者颈动脉重构、粥样硬化与高血压不同分级间的关系。方法动态血压确诊老年高血压患者87例,其中1级27例,2级31例,3级29例,选择36例老年健康者作对照组,同时行颈动脉超声检测。结果随高血压分级逐渐增加,颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度(IMT)逐渐增厚,斑块检出率逐渐增加,高血压各亚组间及与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。随高血压分级逐渐增高,颈动脉僵硬度增加,颈动脉扩张性、紧张度降低,阻力增大,高血压各亚组间及与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关分析表明:颈总动脉内膜中层厚度、颈动脉分叉处内膜中层厚度、颈动脉僵硬度、颈动脉阻力与血压分级呈正相关,颈动脉紧张性及扩张性与血压分级呈负相关。结论老年高血压是罹患颈动脉重构、粥样硬化的重要危险因素,血压水平增高加重颈动脉重构、粥样硬化,维持良好的血压状态可能对预防颈动脉重构、粥样硬化发挥重要的作用。     

原发性高血压患者超敏C反应蛋白与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的相关性研究

目的探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者超敏C反应蛋白与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的相关性。方法选取2014年3月至10月期间,我院门诊30例EH患者作为观察组,选取同期30例健康体检者作为对照组,检测和比较两组的超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT),探讨其相关性。结果原发性高血压患者与健康对照组对比,超敏C反应蛋白(t=2.62,P=0.01)、颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检出率(χ2=6.24,P=0.01)、颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(t=2.54,P=0.01)的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),原发性高血压患者的hs-CRP与颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)呈正相关(r=0.45,P=0.00)。结论 hs-CRP在高血压患者的血清中含量较高,是动脉粥样硬化斑块的独立危险因素,可作为高血压病早期诊断的指标之一。     

颈部血管超声检查在老年高血压患者中的应用

目的评价颈动脉超声在老年高血压患者中的应用价值。方法对236例老年性高血压患者行颈动脉超声检查，并以186例同期非高血压病老年患者的颈动脉超声检查作对照。结果高血压病组颈动脉内膜-中层厚度（IMT）增厚发生率、斑块检出率与对照组相比较，差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）。结论颈动脉超声检查能确定老年高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化及颈动脉狭窄的程度，为动脉粥样硬化的早期预防和治疗提供客观的依据。     

大团镇老年原发性高血压患者动态血压与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系研究

目的探讨浦东新区大团镇老年原发性高血压病患者动态血压与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法选择2017年1—6月收治的122例原发性高血压病患者进行动态血压监测和颈动脉超声检查,根据颈动脉中层内膜厚度(IMT)及颈动脉斑块形成情况分为颈动脉斑块组(73例)、颈动脉中层内膜增厚组(14例)和颈动脉正常组(35例)。计量资料两两比较采用LSD-t检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果斑块组与正常组24 h SBP、24 h PP、day/night SBP、night PP及昼夜SBP下降率、昼夜DBP下降率比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。斑块组与增厚组24 h SBP、day SBP比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论老年原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化与收缩压、脉压、昼夜血压节律改变有关联。     

高血压患者血清超敏C-反应蛋白、同型半胱氨酸、尿酸水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的研究高血压患者血清超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、尿酸(UA)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法选择2015年3月-2018年7月在本院就诊的原发性高血压患者,根据颈动脉超声结果分为合并颈动脉粥样硬化组、不合并颈动脉粥样硬化组;另取同期体检的健康者作为对照组。测定血清中hs-CRP、Hcy、UA的水平。结果合并颈动脉粥样硬化组血清hs-CRP、Hcy、UA水平均高于对照组和不合并颈动脉粥样硬化组(P<0.05);合并颈动脉粥样硬化组中软斑块患者的血清hs-CRP、Hcy、UA水平均高于硬斑块患者(P<0.05);合并颈动脉粥样硬化组中hs-CRP高水平、Hcy高水平、UA高水平患者的颈动脉内中膜厚度及斑块面积均高于hs-CRP正常水平、Hcy正常水平、UA正常水平的患者(P<0.05)。结论高血压患者的血清hs-CRP、Hcy、UA水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的病变程度密切相关。     

清晨血压高峰与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系研究

目的 探讨清晨血压高峰与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系.方法 97例轻、中度原发性高血压患者行24h动态血压监测,并根据监测结果将之分为存在清晨血压高峰组(MP+组,31例)和无清晨血压高峰组(MP-组,66例).所有患者经彩色多普勒超声检测颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)和粥样硬化斑块的发生情况,观察清晨血压高峰与颈动脉IMT和动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率的相关性.结果 MP+组患者颈总动脉(CCA)、颈总动脉分叉处(CAB)和颈内动脉(ICA)的IMT均高于MP-组[(1.02±0.36)ram比(0.86±0.22)mm、(1.14±0.39)mm比(0.96±0.26)mm和(0.94±0.30)mm比(0.82±0.18)mln,P<0.05].MP+组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生率为64.5%(20/31),MP-组为42.4%(28/66),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 清晨血压高峰与颈动脉粥样硬化相关,清晨血压高峰可加速动脉粥样硬化的形成和发展.     

颈动脉超声检查粥样硬化斑块参数对老年高血压患者冠心病的诊断效果分析

目的 探讨颈动脉超声检查粥样硬化斑块参数对老年高血压患者冠心病发生的诊断价值。方法 将2020年1月-2021年1月在本单位体检的62例老年高血压患者为研究对象,均行颈动脉超声检查。根据老年高血压患者冠心病发生情况分为冠心病组（10例）与非冠心病组（52例）,对比两组的斑块检出率和斑块指数（PI）,并采用Logistic回归法分析颈动脉超声检查粥样硬化斑块参数与老年高血压患者冠心病的关系以及诊断价值。结果 冠心病组患者斑块检出率、斑块指数高于非冠心病组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。经多因素Logistic回归分析,斑块检出、斑块指数是老年高血压患者冠心病的危险因素（P<0.05）。斑块指数诊断老年高血压患者冠心病的灵敏度为90.00%,特异度为98.08%,Kappa=0.881。结论 老年高血压患者颈动脉超声检查的斑块检出率和斑块指数较高,利用斑块指数诊断老年高血压患者冠心病的效果较好,具有临床应用价值。     

高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的相关性研究

目的：探讨高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的相关性。方法：随机入选高血压患者136例,全部符合1999年WHO高血压诊断标准。行24h动态血压监测,根据血压分组：高血压1级（140~159/90~99mmHg）患者33例,高血压2级（160~179/100~109mmHg）患者60例,高血压3级（≥180/110mmHg）患者43例。136例高血压患者均先接受颈动脉超声检查,测量颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）,根据颈动脉IMT测值分为IMT增厚组、颈动脉斑块组、颈动脉正常组。随后均接受冠脉造影检查,根据冠脉斑块狭窄程度分冠心病组、斑块轻度狭窄组、正常组。应用统计学分析高血压、颈动脉超声结果、冠脉造影检查结果之间的相关性。结果：颈动脉粥样硬化的发生率为80.1%（109/136）,其中IMT增厚39例（28.7%）,颈动脉斑块70例（51.5%）;冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生率为75.9%（101/136）,符合冠心病诊断标准的72例（51.8%）,轻度狭窄29例（21.3%）。颈动脉斑块与冠心病阳性符合率为81.4%（57/70）。高血压3级组患者颈动脉斑块的阳性检出率与冠心病的阳性检出率均高于高血压1级组患者血,两者之间差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：高血压是冠心病的高危因素,也是颈动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素,颈动脉粥样硬化对高血压患者冠状动脉粥样硬化程度有明显的预测价值,颈动脉粥样硬化斑块是冠心病重要的预测因子。     

颈动脉内膜-中层增厚和斑块的相关危险因素分析

目的分析颈动脉粥样斑块和内膜-中膜(IMT)增厚的相关危险因素。方法选取2013年1月~2016年4月在本科住院的年龄≤75岁的患者216例,依据颈动脉超声检查分为颈动脉粥样斑块和(或)IMT增厚患者117例(颈动脉异常组)和颈动脉正常患者99例(正常对照组),分析颈动脉粥样斑块和IMT增厚的相关危险因素。结果与正常对照组比较,颈动脉异常组的年龄、肱动脉脉压(PP)、中心动脉收缩压(c SBP)、中心动脉脉压(c PP)、增强压(AP)和增强指数(AIx)显著升高(P<0.05);高血压、冠心病和糖尿病患病率显著增多(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,颈动脉粥样斑块和IMT增厚与年龄、c SBP、c PP、AP和AIx呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而与肱动脉血压则无明显的相关性。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、c PP和AP是颈动脉粥样斑块和IMT增厚的独立危险因素。结论中心动脉压与颈动脉粥样斑块形成和IMT增厚具有显著的相关性。     

老年患者血压水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的探讨老年高血压患者血压水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法将患有原发性高血压120例年龄>60岁的患者,将患者根据收缩压分组:血压严格控制组(血压<130mmHg),血压一般控制组(血压130～139mmHg)。对每位患者进行颈动脉超声检查,记录颈动脉内中膜层的厚度。结果多因素线性回归分析显示,收缩压、总胆固醇、空腹血糖与颈动脉颈动脉内中膜厚度呈正相关,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与颈动脉颈动脉内中膜厚度呈负相关。分析显示,收缩压≥140mmHg、总胆固醇为颈动脉粥样斑块形成的危险因素,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为其保护性因素。结论血压水平和颈动脉粥样硬化具有显著的相关性,血压水平是老年患者颈动脉粥样硬化及斑块形成的危险因素之一。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.