Study habits of surgery residents and performance on American Board of Surgery In-Training examinations

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the study habits (SHs) of surgery residents preparing for the annual American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (ABSITE). METHODS: A validated instrument developed to assess SHs in college students, the Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes (SSHA), was modified slightly for use with residents. The modified SSHA contains 2 subscale scores, work methods and delay avoidance, and a combined overall study habit score. A total of 59 residents from 2 academic general surgical residency programs were administered the modified SSHA. The SSHA scores were correlated to performance on the in-training examination. RESULTS: There was a small but significant correlation between scores on the modified SSHA instrument and performance on the ABSITE overall (r = 0.29; P < .05; r2 = 0.0841). Linear-regression analysis showed that the clinical component and overall performance on the ABSITE were significantly predicted by the total SH scores. Overall total ABSITE percent correct scores were significantly predicted by residency levels of training and the overall SSHA scales (delay avoidance and work methods). Together they predicted 63% of the total variance in the overall performance scores. Residency level was the strongest predictor. SH performance accounted for 5.9% of the total variance beyond that contributed by residency level of training. CONCLUSIONS: The correlations of surgical resident ABSITE performance with SSHA scores were on the same order of magnitude as those of college students and academic performance with the original SSHA. Although SH in this study accounted for a measurable yet small contribution to ABSITE performance, this contribution was not enough to consider using the SSHA instrument in its current modified form as a diagnostic and counseling tool. Published instruments not specifically designed for residents may not be tailored enough to measure residents' unique SH.     

完全性大动脉转位的外科治疗

对３３例完全性大动脉转位施行了手术治疗，其中全腔静脉肺动脉连接３例、改良Ｆｏｎｔａｎ手术２例、Ｍｕｓｔａｒｄ及大动脉调转术各１例，Ｒａｓｔｅｌｉ手术２６例，包括１５例心内隧道和心外管道，１１例心内、外双管道。这２６例心外管道中，除４例采用同种主动脉管道外，其余为经处理的猪肺动脉人工管道。全组手术死亡１０例，晚期死亡１例。结论：完全性大动脉转位病理解剖变异性大，应按不同类型的病理解剖特征选择手术方法     

Who needs surgery for pediatric myelomeningocele? A retrospective study and literature review

Introduction

Children with myelomeningocele (MMC) are usually subjected to multiple surgeries. However, the number and type of surgeries are not the same in every patient with MMC over time. This report summarizes the surgical interventions in a cohort of several ages.

Materials and methods

Data on all of the patients with MMC, aged from 1 year and 10 months to 21 years and 11 months, were retrospectively reviewed at the Dona Estefânia Hospital in Lisbon, Portugal. Data were collected by chart review and individual interviews. The factors analyzed were demographics, ambulatory status, neurological level of involvement, shunt status, Arnold–Chiari malformation type II, surgical history, and occurrence of fracture. The surgical interventions were categorized as neurosurgical, orthopedic, urinary, ulcer repair and others.

Results

A total of 84 alive were eligible and enrolled. The average age was 14 years and six months. A total of 59 patients received shunts (all but one ventriculoperitoneal). In the study group, the 84 patients required 663 surgeries. Neurosurgical interventions were the most frequent surgical procedure and predominated during the first 2 years of life. Surgical interventions related to shunts were the most common neurosurgical interventions. Orthopedic surgeries were more frequent in the age group 6–12 years. Urological surgeries were done mainly after 6 years of age. Surgical repair of pressure ulcers was more common after 12 years of age.

Conclusions

Our study brings to light the complexity of this condition, with multiple surgeries among patients with MMC.     

一岁以内婴儿法洛四联症纠治术

目的 总结婴儿法洛四联症(TOF)的纠治经验，以提高婴儿TOF纠治术的成功率。方法 1999年3月一2001年11月我科收治43例小于1岁TOF患者，术前均经二维超声心动图或心导管造影检查确诊，均在体外循环下行纠治手术，其中5例行急诊手术。结果 手术近期死亡1例(2．3％)，30例患者随访1—18个月，恢复良好，紫组消失，生长发育明显加快。结论 小于1岁婴儿行TOF纠治术是安全可靠的，对反复缺氧发作的TOF患者，强调早期手术；对缺氧发作呈持续状态的患者要考虑行急诊手术。改善手术及体外循环方法，加强术后监护是提高婴儿TOF纠治术成功的关键。     

移位髋臼骨折的手术治疗

髋臼骨折是一种暴力强，机制复杂，移位多样，常伴有股骨头骨折脱位，且治疗困难的关节内骨折。往往因处理不当而并发创伤性关节炎。我院自1996年以来收治移位髋臼骨折61例。经手术治疗获得明显的治疗效果。     

先天性三尖瓣发育不全的外科治疗

报告１１例先天性三肖瓣发庆膛全外科治疗病例。方法：中度低温体外循环下经右房行三泊瓣成形术８例中ＤｅＶｅｇａ６例，Ｋａｙ２例，三尖瓣替换术３例中高位替换２例，原位替换１例。结果：１１例病均痊愈出院。     

肱骨近端粉碎性骨折的外科治疗

我院骨科自1994年6月~1999年6月共收治肱骨近端粉碎骨折56例,其中有完整随访资料48例,现报告如下。     

Surgical anatomy of the upper vertebral artery

Summary A surgical approach to the upper vertebral artery between C₁ and C₂ is described. Following dissection of the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid and the anterior border of the splenius capitis the two muscles are held apart and the levator scapulae is transsected at its origin from C₁. The cranial end of the vertebral artery can now be connected with the common carotid or external carotid arteries.     

急性坏死性胰腺炎的外科干预:时机比技术更重要

目前,围绕急性坏死性胰腺炎的手术和非手术治疗、早期手术还是后期手术、微创干预还是开放手术等问题,仍在探索中不断取得进步并逐步形成共识。进一步探索清除胰腺坏死组织最佳手术时机及手术技术、实施微创与开放相结合的外科干预策略、提高针对胰腺坏死组织延期一次性手术清除的成功率,是降低急性坏死性胰腺炎后期病死率的关键。近20年来,对急性坏死性胰腺炎局部并发症病理转归多样性认识的深化,划时代改变了急性坏死性胰腺炎后期的治疗模式。从20世纪末的早期开腹手术引流减压到计划性多次手术清创,再到延期一次性手术,以及近年来探索实施的创伤递进式手术策略,随着治疗理念的变革,逐步实现了疗效的突破。相较于坏死组织的清除技术,手术时机的选择对治疗成功更具重要意义。根据现有针对急性坏死性胰腺炎循证医学研究结果,鉴于急性坏死性胰腺炎病情的复杂性、个体间的差异性、以及有限的多中心研究结果,目前尚不能确定外科技术对改善预后的优势;而手术时机的正确把握,对提高急性坏死性胰腺炎手术治疗效果的地位不容置疑。笔者回顾性分析其团队收治的1000余例外科治疗急性坏死性胰腺炎患者的临床资料,探讨针对急性坏死性胰腺炎后期局部并发症外科干预时机及技术对改善预后的临床意义。     

肱骨内上髁骨折23例治疗分析

肱骨内上髁骨骺撕脱骨折多发生在7～15岁之间的儿童，占肘部骨折的10％，距第3位。治疗上有保守和手术两种不同的意见，文献报道的较少。我院小儿骨科自2001—2002年共收治26例儿童肱骨内上髁骨折，对其中23例进行了手术治疗，效果满意，报告如下。     

术后椎间盘炎不同治疗方法的疗效分析(附53例报告)

目的 :探讨术后椎间盘炎的最佳治疗方法。方法 :回顾分析 5 3例术后腰椎间盘炎的治疗过程。比较保守治疗、早期手术治疗和延期手术治疗方法在腰痛缓解吮间、住院时间及CRP和ESP降至正常时间方面的差异。结果 :早期手术治疗组在腰痛缓解时间、住院时间及CEP和ESR降至正常时间方面与保守治疗组和延期手术治疗组比较均有显著差别 (P <0 0 5 ) ,后两者比较无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :早期手术治疗方法能迅速解除症状 ,缩短住院时间 ,治疗效果优良 ,是治疗术后椎间盘炎的最佳方法。     

不同手术径路纠治法洛四联症的围术期结果比较

目的比较经右心室（RV）和经右心房-右心室（RA—RV）小切口径路纠治法洛四联症（TOF）的围术期结果,以提高TOF根治术的疗效。方法回顾性分析1998年1月～2007年12月收治的1423例TOF行一期根治手术患者的临床资料,其中经RV径路手术736例,经RA—RV小切口径路手术687例。结果经RV径路手术从1998年的100％下降至2002年的65％,经RARV径路手术从2002年的35％增加至2007年的79％;经RA—RV径路手术患者主动脉阻断时间、体外循环时间、平均呼吸机辅助时间和平均住ICU时间均短于经RV径路手术患者（P〈0．05）;跨瓣环补片比率差异无统计学意义。经RA—RV径路手术患者发生1个和2个器官功能不全少于经RV径路手术患者,大于3个脏器功能不全发生率差异无统计学意义。残余室间隔缺损、残余梗阻、三尖瓣反流、肺动脉反流、心律失常、再手术率和死亡率均低于经RV径路手术患者（P〈0．05）。结论经RA—RV径路手术是一种较好的、适合我国TOF患者实际情况的手术方式。     

青壮年股骨头缺血性坏死的再血管化和重建

目的：探讨带旋髂深血管髂骨(膜)瓣及联合血管柬植入治疗青壮年股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效。方法：采用带旋髂深血管髂骨(膜)瓣及联合血管柬植入治疗青壮年股骨头缺血性坏死18例，24髋。结果：术后随访2～5年，优12例，良4例，可2例，优良率88．89％。结论：带旋髂深血管髂骨(膜)瓣及联合血管柬植入治疗青壮年股骨头缺血性坏死是一个较好的方法。     

Atrial fibrillation after surgery of the lung: clinical analysis of risk factors

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine which of the clinical parameters are the most valuable in predicting postoperative atrial fibrillation after lung surgery. Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis was carried out on 298 patients after pulmonary resection necessitated mainly by lung cancer. The following parameters were investigated: age and sex, disturbances of cardiac rhythm, history of ischemic heart disease, diabetes and atherosclerosis, NYHA classification and type of surgical procedure. In addition, the duration of surgery, variations in oxygen saturation, changes in systemic blood pressure and heart-rate were noted intraoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test. Results and conclusions: Atrial fibrillation occurred in 25 cases (8.4%) and more frequently after pneumonectomy (24%). Other factors contributing to atrial fibrillation after lung surgery were: history of ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, intraoperative cardiac arrest and the need for rethoracotomy.     

Simultaneous hepatic and portal vein ligation induces rapid liver hypertrophy: A study in pigs

Background

Liver hypertrophy induced by partial portal vein occlusion (PVL) is accelerated by adding simultaneous parenchymal transection (“ALPPS procedure”). This preclinical experimental study in pigs tests the hypothesis that simultaneous ligation of portal and hepatic veins of the liver also accelerates regeneration by abrogation of porto-portal collaterals without need for operative transection.

Potent men undergoing radical prostatectomy: a prospective study measuring sexual health outcomes and the impact of erectile dysfunction treatments

INTRODUCTION: Radical prostatectomy (RP) can have a significant impact on sexual health. The purpose of this study was to measure changes in sexual health after RP, assess the impact of various treatments for erectile dysfunction, and define an appropriate endpoint for maintaining sexual health after surgery. METHODS: One hundred sixteen men with good preoperative sexual health undergoing RP completed a validated anonymous survey preop and annually thereafter. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the use of erectile dysfunction (ED) treatments. Endpoints for evaluation included an erection adequate for intercourse and a return to baseline in sexual domain scores. RESULTS: Overall there was a significant reduction in scores after surgery for each of the sexual health questions and the function and bother domains. ED treatments providing an erection adequate for intercourse resulted in domain scores significantly higher than those in men unable to achieve such an endpoint, and comparable to those of men returning to good native erectile function, but still lower than preop. Even in men with good preoperative sexual health, with erections adequate for intercourse postop, the return to baseline rate was only 26% in sexual function and 40% in sexual bother. CONCLUSION: RP appears to have a significant impact on sexual health. Overall, ED treatments, when providing a functional erection, improve sexual health scores, even comparable to men returning to spontaneous erectile function. Although, men functioning well prior to surgery infrequently returned to their preoperative level of sexual health, even with return of native erectile function or the successful use of an ED treatment.     

胸椎黄韧带骨化症的手术治疗

黄韧带骨化是导致胸椎管狭窄症的主要原因之一。我院自 1985 - 1999年 12月手术治疗 38例胸椎黄韧带骨化症 ,报道如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 38例中男 2 3例 ,女 15例 ;年龄 2 1～ 68岁 ,平均 5 0岁。病史 2个月～ 7年 ,平均 2年 3个月 ;有明确外伤史 1例 ;合并脊髓