Simple technique for maximal thoracic muscle harvest

We present a modification of technique for standard muscle flap harvest, the placement of cutaneous traction sutures. This technique allows for maximal dissection of the thoracic muscles even through minimal incisions. Through improved exposure and traction, complete dissection of the muscle bed can be performed and the tissue obtained maximized. Because more muscle bulk is obtained with this technique, the need for a second muscle may be prevented.     

细胞色素氧化酶2A6基因多态性与膀胱癌易感性的关系

目的 探讨细胞色素氧化酶2A6(CYP2A6)基因多态性与膀胱癌易感性的关系.方法 以病例对照研究方法,应用巢式聚合酶链反应(nPCR)分别检测186例膀胱癌患者和192例非肿瘤人群中CYP2A6代谢酶基因型(CYP2A6*4),对各基因型单独或联合吸烟行为进行统计学分析.结果检测378例标本,膀胱癌组186例,检测到CYP2A6野生型168例,杂合型缺失13例和纯合型缺失5例;对照组192例,野生型150例,杂合型缺失32例,纯合型缺失10例.膀胱癌组CYP2A6基因缺失型频率(9.68%)显著低于对照组(21.88%,P＜0.05,OR=0.383).联合吸烟行为后,吸烟人群膀胱癌发病风险显著高于不吸烟人群(P＜0.05,OR=2.322),吸烟人群中膀胱癌组CYP2A6缺失型频率(7.92%,8/101)显著低于对照组(28.00%,21/75,P＜0.05,OR=0.221),2组间差异有统计学意义.吸烟者中,携带CYP2A6缺失型的个体患膀胱癌的风险显著低于野生型个体(OR=0.221,95%CI为0.092～0.534).结论 CYP2A6基因多态性与膀胱癌易感性有关,该基因多态性与吸烟在膀胱癌的发生存在交互作用,CYP2A6基因缺失可减少吸烟者膀胱癌的发病风险.     

ERK5调节成骨细胞功能的研究

目的研究ERK5在成骨细胞的表达及IL-6对其表达的调控，初步探讨ERK5在成骨细胞增殖分化中的作用。方法应用免疫印迹法检测人、大鼠、小鼠成骨细胞和MG-63细胞ERK5的表达；用IL-6作用于MG-63细胞，检测不同时间和剂量干预后ERK5和P-ERK5表达情况，构建ERK5 siRNA和空白对照质粒，转染MG-63细胞，IL-6干预细胞后检测各组细胞增殖率、碱性磷酸酶活性和骨钙素表达的差异。结果在人、大鼠、小鼠成骨细胞和MG-63细胞中均有ERK5的表达；IL-6可呈时间、剂量依赖性的提高ERK5的磷酸化；与对照组相比，ERK5 siRNA的成骨细胞IL-6刺激后增殖降低，骨钙素表达量下降且差异有统计学意义，而碱性磷酸酶活性的变化差异无显著性。结论成骨细胞ERK5信号通路的活性受IL-6调控，ERK5信号通路参与了成骨细胞的增殖分化。     

Alport syndrome associated with diffuse leiomyomatosis: COL4A5-COL4A6 deletion associated with a mild form of Alport nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: The X-linked Alport syndrome (AS) is an inherited nephropathy due to mutations in the COL4A5 gene, encoding the alpha5 chain of type IV collagen, a major component of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Here, we report a new kindred with the rare association of X-linked AS and diffuse leiomyomatosis (DL), which is a tumourous process involving smooth muscle cells of the oesophagus, the tracheobronchial tree and, in females, the genital tract. For this syndrome, an almost constant association of large COL4A5 rearrangements with a severe juvenile form of nephropathy has been described for male patients. METHODS: DNA rearrangement at the COL4A5-COL4A6 locus was studied in several members of this family using polymerase chain reaction and pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining of tumour and skin samples was performed. RESULTS: The affected patients in this family carry a 120 kb deletion by which the COL4A5 exon 1 and COL4A6 exons 1, 1', and 2 are removed. Immunohistochemical investigation of a skin biopsy of an affected male patient confirmed the absence of both the alpha5 and the alpha6 chains of type IV collagen in the basement membrane of the skin. Surprisingly, both affected male patients had a rather mild renal phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: This report shows that, contrary to what has been reported to date, patients suffering from AS associated with DL can be associated with a late onset renal failure (adult) form of nephropathy.     

CYP3A5基因型对肾移植受者术后早期血他克莫司浓度的影响

目的 探讨不同CYP3A5基因型对肾移植受者术后早期他克莫司(Tac)初始剂量的选择及其对血Tac目标浓度的影响.方法以新接受亲属活体肾移植的受者为研究对象,患者均应用Tac、霉酚酸酯(MMF)和泼尼松(Pred)预防排斥反应.研究分为2个阶段,第一阶段为同定剂量组(n=28),无论其CYP3A5分型如何,Tac的初始剂量均为1 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1);第二阶段为调整剂量组(n=40),CYP3A5表达者(仅包括*1/*3型,*1/*1型予以剔除)的Tac初始剂量为0.15mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),CYP3A5非表达者(*3/*3型)的初始剂量为0.08 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1).于术后3、5、7和14 d采集受者血样,检测血Tac浓度,有效的血Tac浓度以剂量校正的浓度比值(C/D)表示.结果固定剂量组28例受者中,CYP3A5*1/*3型15例,*3/*3型13例;调整剂量组40例受者中,CYP=3A5*l/*3型16例、*3/*3型24例.两组中,CYP3A5 *1/*3型受者术后3、5、7和14 d的血Tac浓度均低于*3/*3型受者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).术后第3天,固定剂量组*1/*3型受者和*3/*3型受者达到目标血药浓度者分别占46.7%(7/15)和46.2%(6/13),调整剂量组*1/*3型受者和*3/*3型受者达到目标血药浓度者分别占81.2%(13/16)和75.0%(18/24),调整剂量组达到开标血药浓度者的百分率显著高于同定剂量组(P相似文献   

HCV NS5A反式激活基因 NS5ATP13在毕氏酵母中的表达研究

目的 探讨NS5AATP13能否在毕氏酵母中成功表达.方法 用Bst X I将pPICZαANS5ATP13线性化后,电转化毕氏酵母菌株KM71H,用Zeocin筛选高拷贝数的酵母菌落,在BMGY和BMMY培养基中进行诱导表达,以甲醇诱导,30℃培养4 d,表达产物进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot 分析.结果 预期分子量大小的NS5ATP13蛋白分泌至培养液.结论 NS5ATP13在毕氏酵母中成功表达.     

Highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4 outbreaks in Dutch poultry farms, 2014–2018: Clinical signs and mortality

In recent years, different subtypes of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses caused outbreaks in several poultry types worldwide. Early detection of HPAI virus infection is crucial to reduce virus spread. Previously, the use of a mortality ratio threshold to expedite notification of suspicion in layer farms was proposed. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical signs reported in the early stages of HPAI H5N8 and H5N6 outbreaks on chicken and Pekin duck farms between 2014 and 2018 in the Netherlands and compare them with the onset of an increased mortality ratio (MR). Data on daily mortality and clinical signs from nine egg‐producing chicken farms and seven Pekin duck farms infected with HPAI H5N8 (2014 and 2016) and H5N6 (2017–2018) in the Netherlands were analysed. In 12 out of 15 outbreaks for which a MR was available, MR increase preceded or coincided with the first observation of clinical signs by the farmer. In one chicken and two Pekin duck outbreaks, clinical signs were observed prior to MR increase. On all farms, veterinarians observed clinical signs of general disease. Nervous or locomotor signs were reported in all Pekin duck outbreaks, but only in two chicken outbreaks. Other clinical signs were observed less frequently in both chickens and Pekin ducks. Compared to veterinarians, farmers observed and reported clinical signs, especially respiratory and gastrointestinal signs, less frequently. This case series suggests that a MR with a set threshold could be an objective parameter to detect HPAI infection on chicken and Pekin duck farms at an early stage. Observation of clinical signs may provide additional indication for farmers and veterinarians for notifying a clinical suspicion of HPAI infection. Further assessment and validation of a MR threshold in Pekin ducks are important as it could serve as an important tool in HPAI surveillance programs.     

Tolerance of the liver to ischemia in the pig

The effect of liver blood flow occlusion was studied in pigs under general anesthesia at normal body temperature. Portal venous blood flow was diverted to the systemic circulation during the period of liver ischemia. A 90% reduction in liver blood flow was produced during the period of ischemia as measured by ¹²⁷Xe washout. Animals subjected to 90 min of liver ischemia had uniform survival and only moderate disturbance in liver function tests. Extension of the ischemic period to 180 min produced greater disturbances in liver function tests, more hepatocellular injury histologically, and two deaths occurred. It is concluded that the pig liver can tolerate profound reductions in blood flow for extended periods of time without developing massive liver necrosis. The clinical relevance of the findings is discussed.     

枸橼酸氢钾钠治疗泌尿系混合性结石的疗效分析(附44例报告)

目的：探索枸橼酸氢钾钠[Uralyt-U[（C6H5O7）5-H3K6Na6]]治疗泌尿系结石的确切疗效。方法：将44例患者随机分为A、B两组。A组20例采用654-2、黄体酮及排石中药方剂治疗,所选剂量较大;B组24例采用枸橼酸氢钾钠治疗。两组均于10天内取已排出的结石样一同送检,结果进行统计学对照分析。结果：Uralyt-U[（C6H5O7）5-H3K6Na6]治疗混合性结石的疗效最好,B组显著性好于A组。结论：Uralyt-U[（C6H5O7）5-H3K6Na6]对泌尿系结石有较好作用,疗效满意。     

急性疼痛应激状态下SD大鼠睾丸内膜联蛋白A5的表达变化

目的 观察急性疼痛应激状态下,睾丸中annexin 5表达变化.方法 福尔马林注射建立急性疼痛模型,分别在注射后1 h,6 h,24 h,72 h取睾丸,免疫组织化学和western b10t分析annexin 5免疫定位和蛋向表达,荧光定量PCR方法检测annexin 5 mRNA水平变化.结果 免疫组化显示,annexin 5在急性应激组和对照组中定位在间质细胞、支持细胞,应激组与对照组相比定位无明显的变化.Westem b1ot分析发现疼痛应激1 h和6 h后,annexin 5的表达分别降低16.9%和12.8%,而在疼痛应激24 h和72 h后,annexin 5的表达分别升高33.7%和25%.组间比较发现,在l h和24 h时annexjn 5表达较对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).荧光定量方法检测annexin 5 mRNA水平变化,发现疼痛应激1h和6 h annexin 5 mRNA相对含量降低,随后在24 h和72 h升高,但各组间差异均无统计学意义.结论 急性疼痛应激主要影响annexin 5蛋白的表达,而不影响annexin 5的转录.Annexin 5作为睾丸应激因子之一可能介导了应激对生殖功能的抑制作用.     

氯吡格雷联合伊贝沙坦对5/6肾切除大鼠肾脏的保护作用

目的:观察氯吡格雷联合伊贝沙坦对5/6肾切除大鼠肾脏的保护作用,并比较联合用药是否比单独用药效果更好.方法:雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为5组:假手术组(SHM)、模型对照组(NX)、氯吡格雷治疗组(CLO)、伊贝沙坦治疗组(IRB)和氯吡格雷联合伊贝沙坦治疗组(CLO/IRB),每组12只.氯吡格雷按20mg·kg-1·d-1给药,伊贝沙坦按20mg·kg-1·d-1给药,氯吡格雷联合伊贝沙坦给药(氯吡格雷按20 mg·kg-1·d-1加伊贝沙坦按20 mg·kg-1·d-1),每天8:30开始灌胃给药;假手术组和模型对照组给予相应量的蒸馏水.分别观察治疗4周末和8周末大鼠的血压、尿蛋白、血生化以及肾脏病理改变.结果:治疗8周末,与模型对照组比较,氯吡格雷/伊贝沙坦可以显著改善大鼠的一般情况,降低24 h尿蛋白排泄量和血肌酐水平(P＜0.05),减轻肾小球硬化及肾小管间质病变,降低平均肾小球截面积.伊贝沙坦降尿蛋白作用比氯吡格雷强.氯吡格雷联合伊贝沙坦降尿蛋白、血清肌酐、减轻肾脏病理损害作用比单独用药效果好.结论:氯吡格雷/伊贝沙坦可以减轻肾小球硬化和肾小管间质病变,减少尿蛋白排泄,延缓大鼠慢性肾衰竭的进程;联合用药比单独用药效果更为有效.     

强地松及平阳霉素联合应用治疗儿童血管瘤

目的:探讨强地松及平阳霉素联合应用治疗儿童颌面部血管瘤的疗效。方法:34例儿童颌面部血管瘤口服强地松联合局部瘤体内注射平阳霉素。结果:治愈率73.4％(28/38),有效率97.4％(37/37),无明显并发症。结论:此方法可发挥两种药物的相互协同作用,是较理想的血管瘤治疗手段。     

伴侣素CCT6A在结肠直肠癌中的表达及其意义

目的：研究真核生物胞质伴侣素6A（chaperonin containing TCP1 complex,CCT6A）在结肠直肠癌中的表达及临床意义。方法：58例已明确诊断的结肠直肠癌病人入选,分别用Western印迹法和免疫组化方法检测结肠直肠癌细胞系和结肠直肠癌标本中CCT6A的表达,并分析此表达与病人临床病理间的关系。结果：结肠直肠癌组织中CCT6A的表达明显高于结肠直肠的正常组织,具有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。CCT6A的表达与结肠直肠癌浸润深度（P〈0．01）和肿瘤大小（P〈0．05）相关。结论：CCT6A在结肠直肠癌组织中高表达,并与肿瘤浸润深度和肿瘤大小有关,提示CCT6A可作为诊断结肠直肠癌的潜在标记物。