中日两国3岁儿童母亲的母性意识现状研究

目的 了解中日两国3岁儿童母亲的母性意识现状,探讨积极母性意识,促进我国儿童身心更加健康发展.方法 整群抽取中国武汉地区660名和日本旭川地区558名3岁儿童的母亲进行问卷调查.结果 中日两国母亲在对 ＂妊娠的态度及心情＂、＂孩子培养态度＂、＂配偶协助的评价＂、＂育儿过程中所担心的事情＂等问题的回答上均有显著性差异（P＜0.05）.结论 中日两国虽受儒家传统文化的影响,有抚养子女、加强对子女的教育等方面的主张,但由于社会制度的不同,所采取的方式不尽相同,故母性意识也有所不同.因此应取长补短,发挥积极母性意识,促进我国儿童身心更加健康发展.     

中日两国母亲哺育期育儿压力影响因素的比较研究

目的:通过中日跨文化比较,探讨了不同环境对母亲育儿压力的影响。方法:采用育儿压力问卷和居住社区育儿环境评估问卷,对中国天津市180名和日本静冈县130名0～3岁婴幼儿的母亲进行调查。结果:①中国母亲对所在社区育儿环境的认可度低于日本母亲;②中国母亲的育儿压力高于日本母亲;③多元回归分析表明:孩子年龄、母亲年龄、社区育儿环境对两国母亲的育儿压力均有明显的影响;母亲工作、家庭结构对中国母亲的育儿压力有明显的影响;子女人数对日本母亲的育儿压力有明显的影响。结论:社区育儿环境因素对母亲育儿压力的影响大于子女、母亲自身和家庭因素。     

接受系统管理儿童的母亲对育儿知识的需求

儿童系统管理是指出生后42天起建立儿童保健册定期参加健康检查.儿保医生通过检测儿童的生长发育,给予健康教育指导.母亲往往是儿童的主要抚养人.母亲的文化素质,生活习惯直接影响着儿童的生长发育.为了解婴儿母亲育儿知识需求,以便有的放矢地进行健康教育,我们对2000年2月～4月期间参加系统管理的儿童的母亲进行育儿知识需求调查.     

育儿防患--3岁择景6岁分灶

现在,孩子的怪病越来越多.2008年,在我诊断过的3岁~7岁的幼儿中,有十多种怪病没有先例,而且查不出病因.     

南通市学龄前儿童母亲育儿压力与家庭社会资本的相关性研究

目的 了解南通市学龄前儿童母亲育儿压力现状,探讨其与家庭社会资本的关联,为制定减少母亲育儿压力的策略提供科学依据。方法 于2017年5 - 6月随机整群抽取南通市4个县（区）的5所托幼机构1 483名儿童的母亲进行育儿压力及家庭社会资本问卷调查。结果 学龄前儿童母亲育儿压力总分平均为（81.13±19.742）分。不同父母职业、父母文化程度、家庭月总收入、是否独生子女的学龄前儿童母亲育儿压力差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。Person相关分析可知,家庭社会资本与学龄前儿童母亲育儿压力的育儿愁苦（r = - 0.198）、亲子互动失调（r = - 0.247）、困难儿童（r= - 0.180）3个维度均存在负相关（P＜0.05）。多元线性回归分析显示,家庭社会资本中父母参与维度得分低、家庭互动维度得分低是育儿压力各个维度的危险因素（P均＜0.05）。结论 南通市学龄前儿童母亲育儿压力相对南京市较低,且家庭社会资本越高 ,母亲育儿压力越低。     

0～3岁婴幼儿家长科学育儿指导前后儿童生长发育评价

目的 :探索家长接受科学育儿指导与婴幼儿生长发育的关系。方法 :利用社区资源 ,组织指导者队伍 ,对实验组 5 42例婴幼儿家长每月 1次集体指导 ,对患有营养性疾病的婴幼儿家长进行个别指导 ,指导前后对健康状况分别作出评价。结果 :指导后 ,婴幼儿体重、身高超 P5 0比率显著大于对照组 ( P<0 .0 1) ,缺铁性贫血发病率低于对照组 ( P<0 .0 1) ,营养不良发病率下降幅度高于对照组 ,肥胖发病率高于对照组。结论 :依托社区开展家长科学育儿指导 ,能促进婴幼儿体格发育 ,降低缺铁性贫血、营养不良发病率 ,是一项花费少 ,收益大 ,经济有效的方法。     

父母育儿因素与学龄前儿童功能性便秘的关系研究

目的 分析学龄前儿童功能性便秘与父母育儿因素的关系,以期为功能性便秘的预防与早期干预提供参考。方法 选取2020年9月至2021年3月在青岛大学附属医院儿童保健门诊就诊的功能性便秘儿童108例为研究对象,同时选取本院正常体检的324例健康儿童作为对照组,采用一般情况调查表、育儿压力量表、家庭教养方式问卷及儿童喂养问卷进行问卷调查。结果 母亲或父母均有便秘病史（OR=2.877,95%CI:1.390~5.953;OR =8.950,95%CI:2.297~34.866）、孩子兄弟姐妹便秘病史（OR=2.109,95%CI:1.483~3.000）、不良排便习惯（OR=3.780,95%CI:1.949~7.329）、排便不顺利时责备儿童（OR=4.719,95%CI:1.963~11.347）、育儿压力（OR=1.917,95%CI:1.314~2.795）、专制型家庭教养方式（OR=2.064,95%CI:1.257~3.391）、逼迫进食（OR =1.585,95%CI:1.112~2.260）是学龄前儿童功能性便秘的相关危险因素。父子互动>2h是儿童功能性便秘发生的独立保护因素（OR=0.240,95%CI:0.078~0.741）。结论 学龄前期儿童功能性便秘的发生与父母育儿因素有着密切联系,医务人员应增加对育儿层面的关注,增加对父母育儿压力的评估,指导家长形成正确的家庭教养方式,增加父子互动时间,并采取科学合理的喂养行为与排便训练行为,从而预防功能性便秘的发生,促进儿童身心健康发展。     

城市地区家长育儿压力与学龄前儿童焦虑症状的相关研究

目的了解城市地区家长的育儿压力水平及学龄前儿童焦虑症状水平,分析育儿压力与学龄前儿童焦虑症状的关联性。方法 2017年6月采取方便整群抽样,从城市地区的3所幼儿园共抽取1 107名3~6岁儿童,对其家长开展问卷调查。采用Spence学前儿童焦虑量表评估3~6岁儿童的焦虑症状水平。采用简式育儿压力评定量表测量亲子关系中的育儿压力。结果城市地区学龄前儿童总的焦虑症状阳性检出率为3.3%(34/1107),其中广泛性焦虑、社交性焦虑、分离性焦虑的症状阳性检出率为3.1%、3.7%和3.1%。儿童焦虑症状阳性组的家长各维度的育儿压力均显著高于无焦虑症状的儿童家长(P<0.01)。多因素回归显示,家长感到育儿愁苦和困难儿童的压力水平与儿童焦虑症状呈正相关(B=-0.17,P<0.01;B=-0.46,P<0.01);儿童3岁前花费越少,儿童焦虑症状水平越高(B=-1.14,P=0.01),相反儿童3岁后花费越高,儿童焦虑症状水平越高(B=1.19,P=0.02)。结论家长的育儿压力和家庭对儿童直接的经济投入与儿童焦虑症状水平呈显著相关,并受到儿童年龄的交互影响。     

不同省市0～6岁儿童主要看护人育儿知识和行为情况调查及影响因素分析

目的:探讨不同省市儿童主要看护人育儿知识水平和育儿行为实践情况并对其影响因素进行分析,以便有效地预防疾病的发生和发展,降低儿童常见病的发病率。方法:随机抽取全国8个城市的8所社区卫生服务中心和4所乡镇卫生院辖区内6 347名儿童主要看护人作为调查对象,采用自行设计的知信行问卷对看护人进行知信行问卷调查。对儿童主要看护人育儿知识和育儿行为情况的影响因素进行分析。结果:调查的6 347名儿童主要看护人中,母亲占72.9%,其中辅食添加相关问题中"您是否对孩子进行纯母乳喂养到6个月"的行为实践正确率为51.3%,如何预防维生素D缺乏性佝偻病方面问题的知晓率较低。单因素分析发现,城市与农村地区之间的差异、看护人文化程度、家庭月收入、职业、儿童抚养方式及是否接受过科学喂养的健康教育对问题知晓率有影响。Logistic回归分析显示,看护人文化程度低、家庭月收入低、儿童抚养方式及没有接受过喂养健康教育的儿童主要看护人回答合格率较低。结论:我国儿童主要看护人的育儿知识水平和育儿行为实践情况总体不高,儿童主要看护人育儿知识和育儿行为有待提高,基层医疗卫生机构应该开展多种形式的儿童主要看护人的育儿知识健康教育讲座从而转变其育儿行为。适当增加母亲的产假时间,鼓励母亲亲自抚养儿童。     

影响学龄儿童自我意识发展的相关因素分析

【目的】探讨学龄儿童自我意识发展与父母教育心理之间特定的联系，以便有针对性地提出培训计划和干预措施。[方法]选用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表，子女教育心理控制源量表（Parenting．Locus and Control scale，PLOC）,为629名学龄儿童及其家长进行了测查分析与评价。【结果】自我意识偏离儿童的父母在教育引导子女方面存在一定的心理偏颇，主要反映在不能认识或实现其对子女教育成效和对子女行为控制两方面（P〈0．01）。【结论】学龄儿童自我意识发展和心理健康是一个不容忽视的的问题。     

4～5岁儿童行为问题与家庭环境关系的研究

[目的]探讨影响4～5岁儿童行为发育的家庭环境。[方法]采用Achenbech儿童行为量表和自制家庭环境问卷对600名4-5岁儿童的行为及其家庭环境进行调查，并对调查结果进行多元回归分析。[结果]影响4-5岁儿童行为问题的家庭因素包括家庭结构、父母亲职业和健康状况及对儿童的经济投入情况等。不同家庭环境因素对4-5岁儿童各行为因子产生不同的影响，这种影响存在明显的性别差异。[结论]家庭环境对4-5岁儿童行为发育产生重要影响，在对儿童行为问题进行干预时要重视家庭环境的作用，并要注意性别差异。     

Parental occupations,educational levels,and income and prevalence of dental caries in 3-year-old Japanese children

Background

Most studies have investigated the association between parental socioeconomic factors and dental caries in children based on educational and income levels; studies focusing on parental occupation, however, have been relatively limited. This cross-sectional study examined the associations between parental occupations and levels of education and household income and the prevalence of dental caries in Japanese children aged 3 years.

Methods

Study subjects were 6315 children. Oral examination results were obtained from the parents or guardians, who transcribed the information recorded by medical staff at a public health center from their maternal and child health handbooks to our self-administered questionnaire. Children were classified as having dental caries if one or more primary teeth had decayed or had been filled. Adjustment was made for sex, age, region of residence, breastfeeding duration, between-meal snack frequency, toothbrushing frequency, use of fluoride, regular dental check-ups, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and living with at least one household smoker.

Results

The prevalence of dental caries was 14.7%. Compared with having an unemployed father, having a father employed in professional and engineering, clerical, sales, security, or manufacturing process was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of dental caries. Compared with having an unemployed mother, having a mother employed in professional and engineering or service was significantly inversely associated with the prevalence of dental caries. Significant inverse associations were observed between parental levels of education and household income and the prevalence of dental caries.

Conclusions

The findings of our study suggest that parental occupation affects the prevalence of dental caries in children. We confirm that higher levels of parental education and household income decreased the prevalence of dental caries.

     

Early recognition of children with special educational needs: report froma district

Health professionals involved in the pre-school child health surveillance programme need to identify thosechildren who are likely to require a formal statement of special educational needs. Such children should be identified as early as possible, preferably by their fourth birthday. Each district needs to examine their programme and thereby identify factors associated with late recognition of such children. We report on our own practice and findings over a three-year period, including the factors associated with late recognition of special needs and efforts to improve the rate of early recognition.     

The case for enhanced educational supports for children in public care: An integrative literature review of the educational pathway of children in care

For many years, the adult outcomes of young people who have grown up in foster care have been an object of broad concern. Numerous studies show that young adults who were former foster children lagged behind their community peers on a number of socio-economic indicators. Educational attainment is seen as a key developmental outcome and one that is highly associated with positive adult adjustment. Most young people today undertake a gradual process of becoming independent, but this emancipation process is very different and often traumatic for young people who age out of child protection care. This review considers the published literature that explores the educational and associated outcomes of children who leave the care of child protective services.     

Feeding strategies used by mothers of 3-5-year-old children

Appropriate use of parental feeding strategies could help establish healthy childhood eating practices. Research suggests that repeated taste exposure and modelling may be effective, pressuring and restricting may be counterproductive, and rewards may be effective or counterproductive depending on their use. However, little is known about the extent to which parents employ these strategies and within what contexts. The present study explored this using qualitative interviews with twelve mothers of children aged 3-5 years. Common strategies involved modelling, attempts to influence the child's attitudes and norms, and use of moderate pressure. The results are discussed in relation to the literature.