掌侧入路斜“T”型锁定加压钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折患者的护理

目的探讨掌侧入路斜"T"型锁定加压钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折患者的护理措施。方法回顾性总结2008年10月至2011年10月行掌侧入路斜"T"型锁定加压钢板治疗的28例桡骨远端骨折患者的临床资料。结果 28例患者住院时间为10~22d,平均(14.96±3.19)d。均获随访,时间9~20个月,平均(13.1±2.71)个月,随访期间未出现钢板断裂、松动及正中神经损伤、骨折移位等并发症。所有患者均骨性愈合,按Dient功能评定标准:优13例、良12例、可1例、差2例,优良率为89.2%。结论细致全面的护理及科学的康复训练是提高掌侧入路斜"T"型锁定加压钢板治疗效果、促进桡骨远端骨折患者关节功能恢复、预防并发症的重要措施。     

锁定加压钢板治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折45例疗效分析

目的探讨锁定加压钢板治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的疗效。方法对2006-07-2010-07使用锁定加压钢板治疗的桡骨远端不稳定性骨折45例进行分析。结果经随访7～22(平均14.3)个月,根据Fernandez评分标准进行腕关节功能评分:优25例,良15例,一般2例,差3例,优良率88.9%。结论对于不稳定桡骨远端骨折,锁定加压钢板是一种安全有效的治疗方法,可提供坚强的固定,早期功能训练,减少骨折术后的并发症。     

锁定加压钢板和非锁定加压钢板治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折的作用比较

探讨锁定加压钢板和非锁定加压钢板治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折的作用。选取就诊的100例桡骨远端不稳定性骨折患者,均采用掌侧切开复位内固定,其中50例实施锁定加压钢板固定(观察组),50例实施非锁定加压钢板固定(对照组)。然后分别比较两组住院时间、治疗有效率及术后2、6个月的腕关节活动范围、Cooney腕关节功能评分和视觉模拟评分(VAS)。观察组住院时间、临床治疗效果及VAS明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后2、6个月的腕关节活动范围、Cooney腕关节功能评分,两组无统计学差异(P0.05)。采取掌侧切开复位内固定是治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折的有效措施,而经试验证明,采取锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨复位效果好,固定性强,并可促进术后恢复,使患者在不影响美观的情况下及早恢复工作,提高生活质量。     

桡骨远端掌侧锁定钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折

目的探讨桡骨远端掌侧锁定钢板内固定法用于治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床效果。方法将我院2006年1月²010年12月收入的40例桡骨远端骨折患者采取桡骨远端掌侧锁定钢板内固定法进行治疗。结果通过对本组的40例患者进行术后的1年随访,40例患者均已痊愈,骨折的愈合时间为7.5±2.4w,本次治疗中未见重度切口感染等不良反应发生。其中,Gartland-Werley腕关节评分:优31例(77.5%)、良6例(15.0%)、中2例(5.0%)、差1例(2.5%)。结论临床中对于桡骨远端骨折患者采取桡骨远端掌侧锁定钢板内固定法进行治疗是可行的,具有较好的临床治疗效果,值得临床中应用与推广。     

髓内固定与掌锁定钢板内固定治疗关节内桡骨远端骨折临床疗效比较

目的探讨髓内固定和掌锁定钢板内固定治疗关节内桡骨远端骨折临床疗效。方法选取2013年6月至2014年6月期间收治的57例关节内桡骨远端骨折患者,根据其治疗方法,将其分成髓内固定组和掌锁定钢板内固定组,比较两组患者的临床资料、骨折愈合时间和腕关节功能恢复情况以及术后并发症发生率。结果髓内固定组患者骨折愈合时间(4.7±1.0周)显著低于掌锁定钢板内固定组(5.9±1.3周)(P0.05);髓内固定组患者Gartland和Werley腕关节评分优良率(93.5%)显著高于掌锁定钢板内固定组患者(76.9%)(P0.05);髓内固定组患者的术后并发症发生率(9.7%)显著低于掌锁定钢板内固定组患者(53.8%)(P0.05)。结论与掌锁定钢板内固定比较,髓内固定治疗关节内桡骨远端骨折骨折愈合时间更短,疗效更好,且并发症发生率更低,值得临床推广应用。     

T形锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折的疗效

目的 探讨T型锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端B、C型骨折(AO分型)的临床疗效.方法 对32例桡骨远端骨折(AO-B、C型)患者经掌侧入路应用T型锁定钢板治疗,采用Dienst功能评定法标准进行疗效评价.结果 32例患者均获随访,随访时间为术后7～16个月,平均9.6个月.32例中优11例,良18例,可2例,差1例,优良率达90.6％.结论 经掌侧入路采用T型锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折(AO-B、C型)能有效地恢复桡骨远端的解剖结构,使腕关节功能达到最佳恢复,提高桡骨远端关节内骨折的疗效.     

桡骨远端T型锁定加压钢板内固定治疗锁骨近端移位骨折

目的探讨桡骨远端T型锁定加压钢板治疗锁骨近端移位骨折的疗效。方法对12例锁骨近端移位骨折均予桡骨远端T型锁定加压钢板治疗。对其中2例伴有胸锁关节前脱位复位后采用锚钉固定,并修复断裂的韧带。结果 12例均获得随访,平均随访时间13.6个月。平均骨折愈合时间8.2周。所有病例无肩关节活动受限,仅1例胸锁关节处有轻微疼痛。结论桡骨远端T型锁定加压钢板内固定是治疗锁骨近端移位骨折的一种有效的方法。     

锁定加压钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折疗效分析

目的:旨在探讨锁定加压钢板(LCP)治疗桡骨远端骨折的疗效。方法:回顾性分析30例桡骨远端骨折病人手术切复LCP内固定术后观察。结果:30例随访3～12个月(平均10个月),腕关节功能恢复良好,平均1.5个月摄片骨痂生长,10个月全部骨性愈合。结论:LCP治疗桡骨远端骨折固定牢靠,骨折愈合快,特别对老年骨质疏松病人效果明显。     

双柱锁定加压钢板与外固定支架在桡骨远端C型骨折治疗中应用对比研究

目的对比研究双柱锁定加压钢板与外固定支架在桡骨远端C型骨折治疗中的应用效果。方法将某院2015年12月至2016年11月治疗的82例桡骨远端C型骨折患者作为研究对象,将其依据随机数表法分为对照组、观察组,均41例。对照组实施外固定支架治疗,观察组实施双柱锁定加压钢板治疗。观察两组骨折愈合情况、并发症发生率、影像学检查结果与GartlandWerly评分。结果两组骨折良好愈合率、并发症发生率、桡骨高度、尺偏角、掌倾角、骨折愈合时间对比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后3个月、6个月时两组GartlandWerly评分对比,观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后12个月时两组GartlandWerly评分对比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论双柱锁定加压钢板与外固定支架用于桡骨远端C型骨折治疗中疗效相当,但较外固定支架相比,双柱锁定加压钢板短期疗效更佳。     

切开复位T(或斜T)形桡骨远端锁定钢板内固定治疗移位锁骨近端骨折

目的探讨切开复位T(或斜T)形桡骨远端锁定钢板内固定治疗移位锁骨近端骨折的临床疗效。方法对19例移位的锁骨近端骨折均采用切开复位T(或斜T)形桡骨远端锁定钢板内固定治疗。结果 19例随访6～18个月,骨折均愈合,平均愈合时间10～24周。根据Hardegger等肩关节功能评定标准,优16例,良3例。结论采用切开复位T(或斜T)形桡骨远端锁定钢板内固定治疗移位的锁骨近端骨折可获得良好的临床疗效,值得临床推广。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.