Die folgen der vibrationseinwirkungen auf die oberen gliedmaßen der gußputzer

Zusammenfassung Die Autoren referierten über die Untersuchungsergebnisse bei Gußputzern in Gießereibetrieben. Sie betonten die Notwendigkeit einer Analyse der Vibration und der statischen Belastung der Muskelgruppen. Die Ergebnisse der durchgefiihrten Vibrationsanalyse sowie die Wertung der statischen Gelenksbelastung stimmen mit den Schlußfolgerungen der klinischen Untersuchungen überein. Bei 52% sämtlicher Untersuchten wurden Symptome einer Vasoneurose im vasospastischen Stadium nachgewiesen. Diese Symptome korrelierten jedocb weder mit dem Alter noch mit der Exposition der Arbeitnehmer. Dagegen konnten die Autoren eine Beziehung der gefundenen reparativen und deformierenden Knochenveränderungen zum Alter und zur Expositionsdauer der Gulßputzer nachweisen: Mit fortschreitendem Alter und mit der Expositionsdauer vergrößert sich die Häufigkeit der angeführten Veränderungen, die bei Gußputzern, die jenseits des 40. Lebensjahres stehen und länger als 10 Jahre diese Arbeit leisten, eine häufige Erscheinung darstellen.     

Die Einstellung der deutschen Bevölkerung zu psychischen Störungen

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Eine psychische Erkrankung bedeutet für viele Betroffene auch eine Auseinandersetzung mit den Reaktionen des Umfelds. Diese...     

Störungen der Leber- und Schilddrüsenfunktion als Ausdruck der Schweißerkrankheit

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Angeborene Störungen der Blutbildung

Congenital bone marrow failure syndromes are rare diseases characterised by a reduction of mature blood cells (erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils). Examples of such disorders include congenital aplastic anemia (Fanconi anemia), congenital hypoplastic anemia (Diamond-Blackfan anemia), congenital neutropenias (Kostmann syndrome, cyclic neutropenia, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome and others), and congenital thrombocytopenias (TAR syndrome, amegacaryocytic thrombocytopenia). In Germany the prevalence of congenital bone marrow failure syndromes can be estimated to be 10/1,000,000 children and adolescents. Although rare, these diseases contributed significantly to the current knowledge on normal haematopoiesis. The documentation of rare diseases by patient registries and the cooperation of clinical centres within networks are most important for the resolution of such disorders. In the following, congenital neutropenia will be presented as an example: Until the 1980s congenital neutropenia could only be classified clinically. Few cases had been reported in the literature. All subtypes were therefore collected under the general term "congenital neutropenia". The establishment of an international network of experts and the long-term documentation of the courses of disease in a common database allowed for statistically workable data in response to therapy, secondary diagnoses and the long-term prognosis. A close cooperation with scientists finally led to the characterisation of genetically different disorders with common pathomechanisms.     

Die Gefährdung der Tierwelt durch Industriegase

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Die Möglichkeiten der Lärmdämmung an Expreßstraßen

International Journal of Public Health - Die unaufhaltsame Zunahme der Motorfahrzeuge bringt ein stetiges Ansteigen des Verkehrslärms in Städten mit sich. Die geplanten...     

Zur Pathogenese der zentralnervösen Störungen bei der chronischen Manganvergiftung

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Die Augenhornhauterkrankung der Möbelpolierer

Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 1 Textabbildung     

Die Rolle der Medien bei Entstehung,Verlauf und Bewältigung von Essstörungen

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Essstörungen gehören in westlichen Gesellschaften zu den häufigsten psychosomatischen Erkrankungen. Die Medien...     

Die sozioökonomische Bedeutung der Osteoporose

Osteoporosis is a highly abundant disturbance of bone metabolism. The disease has gained significant public health impact, since it has been recognized as a major cause of fragility fractures among the elderly. In Germany, costs directly or indirectly related to osteoporosis are estimated at about 4–5 billion DM per year. 80% of these are due to in hospital treatment of fractures, mostly hip fractures. However, estimates of the socioeconomic burden of osteoporosis as a whole remain difficult. First, in lack of national fracture registries, cost calculations in Germany have to be mainly based on hospital discharge data. Secondly, while hip fractures can be considered a hard endpoint with almost complete capture, this is not true for most other types of osteoporotic fracture. In particular, vertebral fractures have been shown to be subject to mis- or underdiagnosis, although they are probably the most frequently occuring type of osteoporotic fracture. Third, data regarding the longterm outcome among fracture patients are scarce. It is therefore likely that costs of longterm care in nursing or older peoples' homes as a sequelae of osteoporosis are underestimated. Finally, osteoporosis-related loss of quality of life has been hardly taken into consideration so far, as the instruments allowing its assessment have just been developed. Nevertheless, the currently available data indicate that with respect to in hospital care, the socioeconomic burden of hip fracture alone compares to that of cardiovascular events (stroke, heart attack). This mainly results from an exponential increase in hip fracture incidence among women and men after the age of 70–75 years. 75% of cases are women, which is mainly due to a higher average life expectancy among women compared to men. Prevention of hip fractures appears to be a major public health goal, in view of a continuous demographic trend towards an aging population, and a separate, secular trend towards an increase in age-specific hip fracture rates reported from some European countries. As epidemiological data have pointed out the multifactorial pathogenesis of hip fracture, prevention needs to focus upon the prevention of osteoporosis and the prevention of falls among the elderly alike.     

Genetische Aspekte bei Störungen der Fertilität

Genetic disorders of fertility can occur at the level of gonadal differentiation or function, germ cell production or function, and the genital ducts. In gonadal dysgenesis, the differentiation of testes or ovaries is impaired. Gonadal dysgenesis can be caused by chromosome aberrations or monogenetic defects in XY or XX gonadal dysgenesis. For the biosynthesis of sexual hormones, a normal development of the gonads and an intact hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis is necessary. Disorders of steroid hormone synthesis are associated with an increased or diminished production of sexual hormones. Clinical and genetic aspects of adrenogenital syndrome are discussed here. Mutations of the androgen receptor cause a spectrum of androgen insensitivity ranging from women with female external genitalia through patients with genital ambiguity to men with infertility. Disturbed spermatogenesis is heterogeneous and can be the result of chromosome aberrations such as Klinefelter syndrome or structural aberrations as translocations and microdeletions of the Y chromosome. Premature ovarian failure is characterized by amenorrhea and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism before 40 years of age. Beside nongenetic factors, premature ovarian failure can be caused by chromosome aberrations or monogenetic defects. Disorders of the genital ducts such as anomalies of the müllerian ducts in females and of the wolffian ducts in males can be associated with sterility or infertility.     

Psychische Störungen und Psychotherapieeffekte in der funktionellen Bildgebung

Only recently has functional neuroimaging been used increasingly in the context of psychotherapy research. Based on a literature survey, procedures, methodological underpinnings and paradigms relevant for psychotherapy research are explored regarding functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). Current studies on changes of brain functions and potential mechanisms are presented based on obsessive-compulsive disorders, depression, phobia, panic and borderline personality disorders. Findings and implications are discussed regarding the use of functional neuroimaging in psychotherapy research. Systematic changes of brain activation were demonstrated following successful psychotherapy, partially resembling and partially differing from those induced by psychopharmacological treatments. Thus the traditional split between pharmacological procedures "acting on the brain" and psychological procedures making the patient "feel better" has been rendered obsolete. Procedures of functional neuroimaging have been developed to such an extent that they can be used to study issues of great relevance for psychotherapy, e. g. biological underpinnings of psychiatric disorders, plasticity of neural networks, mechanisms of change and prognostic factors of psychotherapy, etc.     

Infektionsschutz: Die Maßnahmen der impfstoffherstellenden Industrie

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Sexuelle Funktionsstörungen: Wandel der Sichtweisen und Klassifikationskriterien

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Die sexuelle Reaktion ist das Resultat eines komplexen Zusammenwirkens von psychologischen, physiologischen, interpersonellen,...     

Die Wirkungen der aus Schlagwetteradern ausströmenden Gase

Ohne ZusammenfassungNach einem Referat auf dem VII. Internationalen Kongreß für Unfallheilkunde und Berufskrankheiten in Brüssel.     

Diagnostik depressiver Störungen

Many reliable and valid instruments for screening, assessment of severity of depressive disorders and classification according to ICD-10 or DSM-IV criteria are available. Most instruments are available as self-, as well as observer-based rating questionnaires and interviews. The aim of this overview is to give a comprehensive review of well-established instruments in German speaking countries.