血管内带膜支架置入术在主动脉夹层治疗中的初步应用

目的 :探讨血管内带膜支架置入术治疗主动脉夹层的疗效。方法 :采用MedtronicTalentTM带膜支架置入治疗 5例StanfordB型亚急性期主动脉夹层患者 ,在全麻、数字减影血管造影术 (DSA)监控下 ,切开股动脉 ,将带膜支架系统置入降主动脉内膜破裂口处 ,封闭破口。结果 :所有患者带膜支架置入后破口完全封闭 ,真腔血流恢复正常 ,技术成功率 10 0 %。无急诊开胸手术、截瘫、瘤体破裂等严重并发症 ,无围手术期死亡。 1例术中发生新的StanfordA型夹层 ,所有患者在 1～ 8[平均 (4 .5 5± 2 .1) ]个月的随访期内经螺旋CT证实无内漏及支架移位等并发症发生。结论 :血管内带膜支架置入术治疗亚急性降主动脉夹层具有技术可靠、安全性高、术后恢复快、手术成功率高等优点 ,可望部分替代外科开胸手术     

带膜支架置入治疗胸主动脉夹层

目的探讨带膜支架置入治疗胸主动脉夹层的指征、方法及疗效。方法5例Stan-ford B型亚急性期主动脉夹层患者,在局麻、数字减影血管造影术(DSA)监控下,切开股动脉,将带膜支架置入胸主动脉内膜破口处,封闭破口,置入后重复造影。结果患者原发主动脉夹层破口完全封闭,真腔血流恢复正常,术后1月及6月用多普勒超声和CT血管造影(CTA)复查显示无内漏及移位等并发症,假腔血栓形成。结论Stanford B型主动脉夹层适合带膜支架介入治疗,具有技术可靠,安全性高,术后恢复快等优点,临床应用前景良好。     

带膜支架置入治疗胸主动脉夹层

目的探讨带膜支架置入治疗胸主动脉夹层的指征、方法及疗效.方法 5例Stanford B型亚急性期主动脉夹层患者,在局麻、数字减影血管造影术(DSA)监控下,切开股动脉,将带膜支架置入胸主动脉内膜破口处,封闭破口,置入后重复造影.结果患者原发主动脉夹层破口完全封闭,真腔血流恢复正常,术后1月及6月用多普勒超声和CT血管造影(CTA)复查显示无内漏及移位等并发症,假腔血栓形成.结论 Stanford B型主动脉夹层适合带膜支架介入治疗,具有技术可靠,安全性高,术后恢复快等优点,临床应用前景良好.     

带膜血管内支架置入治疗B型主动脉夹层

目的:探讨带膜血管内支架置入治疗B型主动脉夹层的效果。方法:B型主动脉夹层5例,切开股动脉置入带膜血管内支架封堵原发破口后重复造影检查。结果:均成功置入支架,置入的人造血管支架使降主动脉和腹主动脉真腔扩大,明显改善降主动脉及分支血管血流。术后4例患者肾功能恢复正常,1例内漏患者术后随诊,7个月后消失,夹层近端假腔内均有血栓形成。结论:带膜血管内支架置入是B型主动脉夹层有效的治疗途径,远期效果还有待进一步观察。     

腔内隔绝术对DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层的治疗

目的:总结腔内隔绝术治疗DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层适应证的选择、临床疗效以及探讨并发症的防治原则。方法:采用TALENT带膜支架施行主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层患者22例(其中1例病因为EhlersDanlos综合征),从发病至手术间隔时间为7h～10年。并发高血压18例,冠心病、心绞痛3例,2型糖尿病1例,脑卒中史2例,并发胸腔积液2例。结果:22例患者共置入23枚覆膜支架。术中无一例死亡。3例术中出现明显内漏,2例予球囊扩张,1例再置入1枚短支架后内漏消失。所有患者主动脉夹层破口均成功隔绝,技术成功率达100%。1例EhlersDanlos综合征患者,在成功隔绝主动脉后出现支架置入所经股动脉、髂外动脉、髂总动脉、腹主动脉广泛血管撕裂,失血性休克,予以抗休克处理及施行急诊人造血管置换术,患者病情好转恢复。术后3～6个月随访,所有患者复查螺旋CT示假腔径缩小并见腔内血栓形成,真腔径增大,无瘤体破裂、内漏及支架移位等并发症发生。结论:腔内隔绝术治疗DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层具有技术可靠、创伤小、术后恢复快、成功率高等优点,尤其适用不能耐受传统开胸手术的老年高危患者。施行腔内隔绝术治疗EhlersDanlos综合征的血管并发症、手术并发症及疗效有待进一步观察。     

主动脉腔内修复术治疗75例DeBakey Ⅲ型主动脉夹层

目的 总结主动脉腔内修复术(EVAR)治疗DeBakey Ⅲ型主动脉夹层适应证的选择、临床疗效以及探讨并发症的防治原则.方法 2002年12月至2007年6月采用TALENT带膜支架施行EVAR治疗75例DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层患者,男65例,女10例,平均年龄54.4±12.6(29～83)岁.1例29岁女性病因考虑为埃-当综合征,2例年青男性分别继发于原发性醛固酮增多症和外伤车祸.全部患者均经螺旋CT或磁共振血管造影检查确诊.全身麻醉下经股动脉置入带膜血管内支架,封堵原发破口,重复造影检查.结果 75例患者共置入81枚带膜支架.其中2例因近端破口接近左锁骨下动脉,先行颈总动脉-锁骨下动脉旁路移植术,再置入支架,支架近段覆盖左锁骨下动脉.25例支架置入后出现明显内漏,20例予球囊扩张,6例置入1枚短支架后内漏消失.支架置入技术成功率为100％.1例埃-当综合征女性患者术中出现股动脉、髂外动脉、髂总动脉广泛血管撕裂,失血性休克,经抢救好转恢复.2例术后早期死于夹层破裂.术后随访1～24个月,2例(包括1例埃-当综合征患者)术后半年发生猝死,1例术后1年复查CT发现支架远端出现破口,经外科手术治疗后恢复良好;其余存活者复查螺旋CT示假腔径缩小并见腔内血栓形成,真腔径增大,无瘤体破裂、内漏及支架移位等并发症发生.结论 EVAR治疗DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层具有技术可靠、创伤小、术后恢复快、成功率高等优点,尤其适用于不能耐受传统开胸手术的老年高危患者.而对于年轻的主动脉夹层患者要注意排除埃-当综合征等遗传性疾病,用EVAR治疗埃-当综合征的血管并发症,目前尚未见报道,其手术并发症及疗效有待进一步观察.     

17例DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层的腔内修复治疗

目的:探讨17例DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层腔内修复治疗的经验和临床效果.方法:17例急性胸背痛患者经CT动脉造影(CTA)确诊为DeBakey Ⅲ型主动脉夹层.依据术前CTA影像资料和数字减影血管造影(DSA)结果确认夹层破口位置,选择合适的带膜人工血管支架,在DSA监视下施行带膜人工血管支架移植术.术后1个月和术后6个月～1年行CTA检查,观察手术疗效以及有无内漏、支架移位和塌陷等术后并发症.结果:17手术成功,1 例术后3 d夹层进展为A型,3个月后死亡.无术后截瘫,无内漏、支架移位和塌陷发生.结论:腔内修复术治疗DeBakey Ⅲ型主动脉夹层创伤小,严重并发症少,近期和中期疗效满意.     

DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层21例的临床诊治

目的 探讨主动脉腔内隔绝术（endovascular aortic repair,EVAR）治疗DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层的技术方法及疗效.方法 对近3年江西省人民医收治的21例DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.19例患者均行左锁骨下动脉穿刺,行升主动脉造影,了解主动脉真假腔、夹层裂口及其与重要血管分支的位置关系.切开右侧股动脉置入覆膜血管内支架,封堵原发破口,置入支架后重复造影检查以观察真假腔血流变化、主动脉分支供血的情况.结果 19例患者支架置入定位准确,术后即刻造影显示真腔血流恢复正常.手术成功率100％,无截瘫及瘤体破裂等严重并发症,无围术期死亡.所有患者术后3～6个月复查增强计算机断层扫描,假腔不再显影,支架通畅,无扭曲、移位.结论 EVAR治疗DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层是安全有效的,但远期效果有待进一步观察.     

StanfordB型胸主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术治疗的经验探讨

目的探讨主动脉腔内隔绝术在治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层（aorticdissection，AD）的价值。方法回顾性分析我院2005—2008年行腔内隔绝术的17例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的资料。结果所有患者均完成带膜支架置入，术后1个月CTA随访14例假腔完全血栓化，夹层破裂死亡1例，出现新发破口2例，内漏1例。结论带膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层是一种安全有效的方法，但术前破口定位。术中真腔确认及支架定位是手术成功的关键。     

带膜血管内支架置入治疗胸主动脉夹层

目的　总结带膜血管内支架置入治疗DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层临床经验。方法　胸主动脉夹层 4 9例 ,男 4 4例 ,女 5例 ,平均年龄 (5 1 6± 1 8)岁。经CT增强扫描或磁共振成像确诊。切开右或左侧股动脉置入带膜血管内支架 ,封堵原发破口。置入后重复造影检查。随访行胸部X线平片与电子束CT检查。结果　支架置入全部成功 ,术后即刻造影 4 0例无内漏 ,9例见少量内漏。降主动脉及腹主动脉真腔均明显扩大 ,远端降主动脉及分支供血均有不同程度的改善。 1例因支架置入位置过高 ,行外科升主动脉 左颈总动脉 左锁骨下动脉旁路移植术。 1例术后死于中毒性休克。术后随访 :降主动脉及腹主动脉真腔扩大 ,术后造影 9例有内漏者 ,无加重 ,4例患者近端夹层动脉瘤消失 ,余者夹层近端假腔内均有血栓形成。结论　带膜血管内支架置入治疗胸主动脉夹层近期疗效满意 ,远期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.