HLA相合同胞供者异基因外周血干细胞移植治疗急性白血病

目的:探讨HLA相合同胞供者异基因外周血干细胞移植(alloPBSCT)治疗急性白血病(AL)疗效。方法:52例AL患者,男33例,女19例,中位年龄33(13～54)岁。急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)24例,急性非淋巴细胞白血病(ANLL)28例;高危组16例,标危组36例。采用含TBI或不含TBI预处理方案。预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)采用环胞素(CsA)加短程甲氨蝶呤(MTX)或他克莫司(FK506)方案,2例二次移植未用免疫抑制剂预防GVHD。46例移植后白细胞降至最低时开始用GCSF5μg/(kg·d),直至中性粒细胞数(ANC)≥0.5×109/L;6例未用。结果:所有患者均重建造血,ANC≥0.5×109/L和血小板计数≥20×109/L的中位时间分别为移植后第11和17天。发生Ⅱ度及以上急性GVHD12例(23.0%)。慢性GVHD(cGVHD)发生率为60.9%,局限型43.5%,广泛型17.4%;发生cGVHD的复发率(18.5%)低于无cGVHD者(47.4%)(P<0.05);有cGVHD者5年无白血病生存率(DFS)[(58.7±9.7)%]高于无cGVHD者[(33.3±11.1)%,P<0.05]。100d内移植相关死亡率(TRM)为11.5%,100d后的TRM为23.9%。多因素分析结果显示,移植前缓解时间和cGVHD对DFS有显著影响(P<0.05),移植前缓解时间越长DFS越高,发生cGVHD的DFS较高;而供受者ABO血型不合DFS较低(P<0.05)。结论:alloPBSCT造血重建快,cGVHD发生率较高,移植前缓解时间较长和移植后发生cGVHD者生存率较高,ABO血型不合者生存率较低。     

含全身照射预处理方案行HLA不相合非去T造血干细胞移植治疗白血病8例临床分析

目的探讨采用全身照射(TBI)预处理方案行人类白细胞抗原(HLA)配型不相合亲缘供者非去T异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)治疗白血病的疗效。方法2002年4月至2007年1月北京大学血液病研究所8例采用TBI预处理方案行HLA不合非去T亲缘供者allo-HSCT的白血病患者,其中急性髓性白血病(AML)3例,急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)4例,慢性粒细胞白血病1例;预处理方案采用TBI加环磷酰胺(CY)方案4例,TBI加氟达拉滨(FLU)方案4例;干细胞来源包括骨髓和外周血造血干细胞移植6例,外周血造血干细胞移植(PBSCT)2例;移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)预防采用经典的环孢素A(CsA) 霉酚酸酯(MMF) 短程甲氨蝶呤(MTX)方案。结果8例供者采集单个核细胞(MNC)中位数为7.39(6.27~12.46)×108/kg,粒细胞植入中位时间11(11~13)d,血小板植入中位时间13(11~21)d。5例发生Ⅰ~Ⅱ度急性GVHD,2例出现慢性广泛性GVHD,无严重急性GVHD或因GVHD死亡病例。中位随访时间9(3~53)个月,除1例复发存活外,其余病例无病存活。结论对于HLA不相合异基因造血干细胞移植,TBI方案是一种比较安全、有效的非去T预处理方案,对于高危和二次移植患者同样有效。     

母供子非去T细胞性单倍体异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病

目的:对18例恶性血液病进行母供子非去T细胞性单倍体异基因造血干细胞移植(Allo-HSCT)治疗,探讨其疗效及毒性反应。方法:6例急性髓系白血病(AML-M23例,AML-M41例,AML-M5b2例),3例慢性粒细胞白血病(伴骨髓纤维化1例),8例急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL),非霍奇金淋巴瘤(Ⅳ期B组)1例,以母亲为供者进行非去T细胞性单倍体Allo-HSCT。供者动员方案:G-CSF300μg/12h×5d后采集造血干细胞。输注D34 细胞(3.58~8.90)×106/kg。预处理方案为:MeCCNC250mg·m-2·d-1×1d,Ara-C4g·m-2·d-1×2d,Bu4mg·kg-1·d-1×3d,CTX1.8g·m-2·d-1×2d。ALL患者以全身放疗(TBI)代替Bu。以CsA、MMF、MTX和ALG预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)。结果:所有患者均顺利完成预处理。移植后发生急性GVHD16例、慢性GVHD10例,出血性膀胱炎1例。全部患者在移植后10~20d获造血重建。18例患者中12例存活。结论:非去T细胞性单倍体Allo-HSCT是治疗恶性血液病的一种安全、有效的方法;同时提示在以后的单倍体异基因造血干细胞移植中优先选择母亲供体,对降低GVHD的严重程度、提高移植成功率是有帮助的。     

非血缘造血干细胞移植不同移植物抗宿主病预防方案的疗效比较

目的:比较2种移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)预防方案在非血缘造血干细胞移植中的疗效.方法:40例接受非血缘造血干细胞移植患者分成2组.单抗组:27例患者接受环孢素A(CsA)加霉酚酸酯(MMF)加甲氨喋呤(MTX)加抗人胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG) 加CD25单抗预防GVHD;ATG组:13例患者接受CsA加MMF加MTX加A...     

非清髓单倍体造血干细胞移植联合格列卫治疗慢性粒细胞白血病

目的:探讨格列卫联合非清髓性单倍体造血干细胞移植在治疗慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)中的作用。方法:4例CML患者,采用移植前、后口服格列卫,以环磷酰胺、阿糖胞苷、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白、赛尼派、环胞素A等作非清髓性预处理的单倍体异基因外周血造血干细胞移植。结果:移植过程顺利,4例患者均植入成功,嵌合性植入。中性粒细胞>0.5×109/L天数,16(10~21)d;血小板>20×109/L天数,10(4~15)d。3例发生Ⅰ~Ⅱ度皮肤急性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD),1例发生Ⅳ度皮肤慢性GVHD。1例+27d死于肺部感染并多脏器功能衰竭,1例死于Ⅳ度皮肤慢性GVHD并发感染。2例无病存活(随访16个月仍健在),且Ph+染色体,bcr-abl融合基因转阴。结论:非清髓单倍体造血干细胞移植联合格列卫治疗CML,具有降低移植前白血病细胞负荷,抑制残留白血病细胞增殖,促进供者完全嵌合状态的转变,增强抗移植物白血病(GVL)效应的作用,是一种有效的治疗方法,值得进一步临床研究。     

异基因外周血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病的临床研究

目的 :探讨异基因外周血干细胞移植 (allo PBSCT)治疗恶性血液病的临床疗效。方法 :以粒细胞集落剌激因子 (G CSF) 5μg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 动员外周血造血干细胞 ;预处理方案为TBI加VEAMC方案 ;输入CD34 + 细胞中位数为 5 .4(3 .2 0～ 9.33)× 1 0 8个 /kg ;用环孢素A加甲氨喋呤或甲基泼尼松龙防治移植物抗宿主病 (GVHD)。结果 :移植后ANC及PLT中位重建时间分别为 1 5d、1 9d ;1 5例中有 6例发生aGVHD(40 .0 % ) ,有 7例发生cGVHD(46 .6 % ) ;1 5例中有 6例 (40 .0 % )死亡 ,其中死于间质性肺炎 3例 ,因复发死亡 2例 ,死于GVHD引起的肝功能衰竭 1例 ;9例 (60 .0 % )患者无病生存。结论 :allo PBSCT有造血重建快、感染等移植相关死亡发生率低等优点 ,而在GVHD发生率及复发率等方面并无增高     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗重症再生障碍性贫血的评价

目的 评价以环磷酰胺(CTX)为预处理方案行异基因造血干细胞移植(Allo-HSCT)治疗重症再生障碍性贫血(SAA)的疗效.方法 对1例SAA患者行同胞供者Allo-HSCT治疗.预处理方案为CTX 50 mg/kg-1*d-1×4 d;干细胞来源采用外周血+骨髓;输注单个核细胞数(MNC)为10.41×108/kg,CD34+细胞计数为6.86×106/kg.预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)采用环孢素A(CsA)加短程甲氨蝶呤(MTX)加霉酚酸酯(MMF).结果 患者获得造血重建,第14天中性粒细胞数(ANC)≥0.5×109/L、血小板计数(PLT)≥20×109/L,第96天血型转变为供者型(B→O).患者出现Ⅳ度急性GVHD(aGVHD),经积极治疗后控制.150 d内患者出现急性化脓性扁桃体炎、口腔溃疡、急性支气管炎、带状疱疹病毒感染、巨细胞病毒血症、肺炎,经积极治疗后均好转.随访24个月,患者无病存活.结论 以CTX为预处理方案allo-HSCT是治愈SAA的一种有效方法.     

异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗难治性白血病(附1例报告)

对 1例难治性急性粒 -单细胞白血病 (AML - M4 b)患者施行异基因外周血造血干细胞移植 (allo-PBSCT ) ,以 Cy/ TBI方案预处理后 ,输注 HL A完全相合的同胞供者经 G- CSF动员的外周血单个核细胞(PBMNCs) 9.0× 10 8/ kg,其中 CD34 细胞 6 .2 5× 10 6 / kg;移植物抗宿主病 (GVHD)的预防用 Cs A MTX方案。结果 : 15天时 ,外周血中性粒细胞 >0 .5× 10 9/ L,血小板 >5 0× 10 9/ L; 30天时 ,外周血三系均完全恢复正常。仅有 度皮肤 GVHD发生。认为对于难治性白血病 ,如有 HL A相合供者 ,应及早行异基因造血干细胞移植 (allo-HSCT)特别是 allo- PBSCT,具有受者造血与免疫功能重建快等优点     

BU／CY预处理方案的异基因外周血干细胞移植治疗急性白血病

目的 :观察 BU / CY预处理方案的异基因外周血干细胞移植 (Allo- PBSCT)治疗急性白血病的疗效。方法 :用 BU / CY预处理方案行 Allo- PBSCT治疗急性白血病 5例 ,其中急性淋巴细胞白血病 (AL L ) 4例 (CR13例 ,CR2 1例 ) ,急性非淋巴细胞白血病 (ANL L) 1例 (CR1 )。预处理方案 BU/ CY:BU4m g/ (kg· d)× 4,CTX6 0m g/ (kg· d)× 2。其中 2例 AL L 分别加米托蒽醌 40～ 5 0 m g。用 G- CSF10 μg/ (kg· d)× 5 d进行造血干细胞动员 ,分离单个核细胞 (MNC)中位数 6 .48× 10 8/ kg〔(3.5～ 7.0 )× 10 8/ kg〕。 CD34+细胞中位数 6 .6× 10 6 / kg〔(4.0～9.6 6 )× 10 6 / kg〕。结果 :全部患者移植后均重建造血 ,粒细胞 >0 .5× 10 9/ L,中位数 13d;血小板 >30× 10 9/ L,中位数为 13d;血小板 >5 0× 10 9/ L,中位数为 15 d。发生迟发性出血性膀胱炎 1例 ,白血病复发死亡 1例 ,CMV肺炎死亡 1例。其余 3例分别无病生存 11、9、7个月。结论 :Allo- PBSCT具有造血重建快 ,采集干细胞方便 ,供者易接受等优点     

同基因外周血造血干细胞移植成功治疗肝炎后重型再生障碍性贫血1例报告

目的 :研究同基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗肝炎后重型再生障碍性贫血的疗效。观察其造血重建情况及移植相关并发症。方法 :1例 17岁体重 6 2kg的肝炎后重型再生障碍性贫血患者 ,采用环磷酰胺 5 0mg·kg-1·d -1× 4d ,抗淋巴细胞球蛋白 5mg·kg-1·d -1× 4d。预处理后 ,给予HLA完全相合的孪生胞姐外周血造血干细胞移植 ,输入有核细胞 3.8× 10 8/kg ,CD34+ 细胞为 (8.7× 10 6) /kg ,移植物抗宿主病 (GVHD)预防方案选用环孢菌素A加FK 5 0 6。结果 :移植后第 10天白细胞计数 >2 .9× 10 9/L ,第 4 0天血常规基本恢复正常。随访 4 2个月 ,患者一般状况良好 ,重要脏器功能正常。结论 :本例应用同基因外周血造血干细胞移植成功治疗肝炎后重型再生障碍性贫血病例 ,本方法具有骨髓造血恢复快、相关并发症少等特点     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.