“多媒体西洋参规范化生产专家系统”的应用

为实现科学种田智能化,研制了“多媒体西洋参规范化生产专家系统”。该研究以西洋参栽培中的水、肥、土、病、虫、草害等田间管理为突破口,运用计算机技术实现专家系统的人机界面、知识获取机制、推理机、解释机制等,通过平台开发,对数据、信息、资料的有效共享,提高了解决西洋参栽培中遇到的各种问题的能力。在系统应用示范区人参、西洋参产量增幅15.9%,优质率提高14.5%,根部病害发生率低于15%。该系统增加了计算机界面交互功能、西洋参规范化生产模式,简化了应用程序,对人参、西洋参栽培管理具有重要的指导意义和广阔的应用前景。     

人参在温病中的应用概略

<正> 人参性甘,微苦温,具大补元气、生津止渴、安神增智的功效,温病学派医家在四时温病和温疫中应用颇多,根据病邪性质的不同,病变发展阶段和病机的不同,通过用药缓急、用量大小、配伍差异,体现为扶正祛邪、固摄救脱、补养气阴三个方面,以下就其具体应用概括说明之。一、扶正祛邪温邪致病多来势急骤,发展迅速,兼之常病发于里,邪实未去而正气己虚者屡屡可见,配伍人参能扶正以助祛邪。1.扶正以助透邪;暑为火热之邪,其性酷烈,病多径入气分,初起即见白虎四大症,治当清暑泻热、透邪外达,脉芤者为津气已伤,宜于清热剂中合用益气生津之人参,冀透邪外达。温     

人参在仲景方中的应用

《伤寒论》中有23首方用人参,其功效现多以大补元气、复脉固脱、补脾益肺、生津止渴来解释。笔者拟结合诸家本草、《伤寒论》原文及各家注解,探讨人参在仲景方中的应用特色。     

人参在实际应用中的药理作用

人参性温,味甘,微苦。有大补元气,固脱生津,安神之功能。现临床上主要用于:休克施救、心律失常、冠心病、调节血压、高胆固醇血病、高凝血症、肝病糖尿病、病毒性心肌炎、性功能障碍、肿瘤、白细胞减少症、慢性风湿性关节炎、脱肛等。1对中枢神经系统的作用人参能使中枢神经系统的兴奋与抑制过程平衡并有抗疲劳作用;人参皂苷小剂量对中枢神经为兴奋大剂量为抑制;人参皂苷能提高脑摄氧能力。2对心血管系统的作用人参皂苷小剂量兴奋心脏,大剂量则有抑制作用;人参皂苷对血压有先微升后降的双向作用;人参或人参皂苷能显著提高动物耐氧能力,使耗…     

论人参在方剂中的配伍应用

人参始载于《神农本草经》,列为上品。其味甘而微苦,微温不燥,性禀中和,功善大补元气,养血生津,广益五脏,为“治虚劳内伤之第一要药”。本品古今临床应用甚广,并非专于虚劳不足之证,若外感疾病,抑或内伤杂病,用之得当,皆有殊效,而其要在于配伍得宜,轻重有法。兹将人参的配伍应用略述数端,以期对临床用药有所裨益。1配入解表剂,扶正以达邪外感疾病,邪在肌表,发汗驱邪乃正治之法。而对于元气不足,正不胜邪者,纵然重用发表之药,亦     

均匀设计在人参提取工艺中的应用

采用均匀设计方法探讨乙醇浓度、用量、浸泡及回流时间对人参提取及化学成分的影响。结果证明,乙醇浓度对人参提取率起主要作用。     

浅析人参在方剂中的配伍应用

从七个方面阐述了人参与解表药、泻下药、清热药、温热药、补血药、活血药、理气药配伍应用的作用机理，意在指导临床医者治病选药要合理配伍以提高疗效。     

人参栽培新技术的试验研究

人参是我国的名贵药材,由于生长条件对土壤要求较严格,人参生产仍沿袭毁林栽参的传统生产方式进行,这对生态环境有一定的影响。人参能否进行无土栽培?并能正常生长和高产优质我们从人参无土栽培的基质选择和营养液配方做以初步探讨,并对实验产品的矿物质和氨基酸含量与腐殖土栽培人参作以比较分析。一试验设计处理和方法材料该项试验是以选择栽培基质为目的的单因子试验基质处理有砂砬、草炭,炉渣和造土,上述四种处理重复三次,在温室内作     

人参在热性病中的应用解析

人参味甘而微苦,微温不燥,性禀中和,功善大补元气,养血生津,广益五脏,为“治虚劳内伤之第一要药”,可以用于治疗各种虚症;根据《神农本草经》的记载,是一味对补虚和祛邪都有很好作用的药物;在外感、内伤热病中,合理使用能起到祛邪而不伤正、扶正而邪自除之效;在脏腑热证和寒热错杂证中适时运用,也能起到事半功倍之效.     

浅谈人参应用中的不良反应

人参系五加科多年生草本植物人参的根。常用别名白参、红参、野山参、吉林参、别直参等。有大补元气、补脾益肺、生津止喝、安神益智之功效。多用于气虚欲脱、脾气不足、肺气亏虚以及心神不安、失眠多梦、惊悸健忘等病症 ,一般剂量每日应 5～ 1 0 g。人参虽然具有祛痰、强心、抗过敏、利尿、降低血糖 ,改善肠胃消化吸收功能 ,增进食欲 ,促进蛋白质合成 ,降低血清胆固醇 ,提高大脑的分析能力等多种药理作用。但服后也会产生不良反应 ,因此不可滥用。据报道 ,口服 3%人参酊 1 0 0 ml,有轻度不安和兴奋反应 ,如一次服 2 0 0 ml或服大量人参粉剂…     

蒙医护理教育建立本科生导师制培养模式的思考

随着高等院校招生规模的扩大,为实现教育目标,在新形势下提高教学质量,就需要传统的教育模式进行改革。本文在对蒙医护理传统师承教育与院校教育阐述的同时,对蒙医护理教育建立本科生导师制的必要性进行了分析,同时对教学实践中存在的问题,以及效果进行了评价。     

中药饮片智能化事前审方系统应用与思考

我国《处方管理办法》规定药师应当对处方用药适宜性进行审核。由于中药饮片组方复杂、多元,至今还没有成熟的中药饮片处方的审方软件应用于临床的报道。中药饮片处方的审核停留在药师人工审方阶段,其介入点都在事中审核和事后点评,不能做到临床医师开方与临床药师审方在同一时段实施,即事前审方,且由于药师的中医辨证论治能力和经验不同及审方时间的限制,事中审核难免遗漏不合格处方。上海市杨浦区中医医院与上海市文献馆合作研发的"中药临床审方系统",将中药饮片审方的介入点提前在"事前",实现"事前"审方的智能化,结合人工的"事中"和"事后"审核点评,形成了中药饮片处方的事前实时干预、事中互动审方和事后点评分析一体化的全程监控,大大提高了中药饮片处方的合格率。应用比较研究法,总结和分析2018年人工审方组与2019年"中药临床审方系统"的智能化审方组的审方结果。"中药临床审方系统"比人工审核中药饮片处方具有明显优势,优势在于审方介入点提前至"事前"环节,不合格处方的发现率明显提高。"中药临床审方系统"智能化审方较人工审方在提升中药饮片临床合理用药方面有较大优势,具有实用和推广价值。     

培元通滞法在艾滋病中的应用

根据艾滋病具有传染性,潜伏期长,易出现免疫系统缺陷和机会性感染,病机概括为虚气(元气亏虚)留滞(气滞痰阻血瘀毒聚),提出培元通滞的治疗原则.从气血阴阳脏腑亏损之别,气滞血瘀痰阻毒聚之异,分别阐述了培元以补气为先、固本以脾肾为要,疏肝理气、健脾化痰、活血通络、解毒疗损的临床应用思路和方法.强调治疗本病,培元不忘理气活血、化痰解毒;解毒通滞不忘培补气血、调理阴阳,辨证用药.     

Selection methodology with scoring system: application to Mexican plants producing podophyllotoxin related lignans

As most anticancer drugs are derived from natural sources, the screening of local medicinal flora should be considered a primary step in the search for new sources for antineoplastic agents. In Mexico, more than 6000 medicinal plant species are used for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. A multifactorial plant selection method, employing various criteria was designed and applied in order to select alternative sources of podophyllotoxin lignan analogues. For each criterion (chemotaxonomy, traditional medical uses and published scientific data), an arbitrary score system was ascribed to the species and the sum of these enabled us to compare potential candidates. The resulting selected plants were tested for cytotoxic activity and the compounds responsible for this activity were evaluated by liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (LC–MS).Around 50 species from the Mexican flora were initially considered. From these, six species were selected by referring to the results from the scoring system and these were then collected. Three extracts were evaluated as being highly cytotoxic against three different cancer cell lines. Finally, podophyllotoxin-like lignans could be identified by observing the fragmentation pattern on mass spectra, obtained from the LC–MS in two species: Linum scabrellum and Hyptis suaveolens.     

Application of monoclonal antibody against ginsenoside in ginseng research: a review

Panax genus belonging to a family of Araliaceae grow in Asia(9 species)and in North America(2 species).Especially Panax ginseng was listed in Chinese medical book,Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica approximately 2 thousand years ago and Panax species are now one of the most important natural medicine.Since Panax species contain approximately 260 ginsenosides,its quality control and pharmacological movement of ginsenoside in body are not enough understanding.Monoclonal antibodies against ginsenosides were prepared and set up the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay system for the quality control of natural product.Furthermore,we developed Eastern blotting system using monoclonal antibodies resulted that protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol group ginsenosides can be separately stained by two corresponding monoclonal antibodies,respectively.It became evident that the ginseng slice was stained by Eastern blotting system.Histochemical staining of ginseng can make clear the ginsenoside-Rb1 distribution in cells and tissues.Double Eastern blotting system facilitated by two monoclonal antibodies like anti-ginsenoside-Rb1 and anti-ginsenoside-Rg1 monoclonal antibodies gives several information such as sugar number,structure,and qualitative/quantitative evaluation.Immunoaffinity column combined with monoclonal antibodies succeeded one-step isolation of ginsenoside and make it possible to prepare knockout extract of which only antigen molecule was removed suggesting the pharmacological and biological value of antigen molecule in the crude extract.     

基于“互联网+”背景下书院制育人模式的展望

现代大学书院制作为对当前学院制教育模式弊端的补充,在越来越多的院校开始实践,并且在育人理念上已逐步达成了统一。然而在书院制发展进程中面临硬件条件、师生融合、管理体制等三大因素的局限,成为各类大学学院进行书院制建设的发展瓶颈。针对当前书院制推广实施中面临的问题,结合新时代互联网+发展的特点,创新开展以互联网+书院制育人模式的构想,以期丰富现代书院制建设理论内涵,为现代大学书院制发展提供新的思路。     

人参15个组织器官中皂苷量与6种人参皂苷生物合成基因表达的相关性研究

以四年生红果期吉林人参的15个组织器官为材料,利用HPLC和香草醛-硫酸比色法分别测定15个组织器官中6种单体皂苷(人参皂苷Rg₁,Re,Rb₁,Rc,Rb₂,Rd)和总皂苷含量;同时,利用实时荧光定量PCR测定15个组织器官中法尼基焦磷酸合成酶(farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase,FPS)、鲨烯合成酶(squalene synthase,SQS)、鲨烯环氧酶(squalene epoxidase,SQE)、氧化鲨烯环化酶(oxidized squalene cyclase,OSC)、β-香树脂合成酶(β-amyrin synthase,β-AS)和细胞色素P450超家族(cytochrome P450 family,P450)基因的相对表达量。研究试图通过相关性分析,获得吉林人参15个组织器官中人参皂苷含量与生物合成途径相关酶基因表达量之间相关关系。结果表明,6种单体皂苷含量之间具有线性正相关的协同增减趋势,而单体皂苷含量与总皂苷含量之间具有相关性极显著(P<0.01)的正相关关系;总皂苷含量与人参中SQS,OSC,β-AS,SQE,P450,FPS基因之间的相关性极显著(P<0.01),单体皂苷含量与6种酶基因之间相关性各不相同。说明这6种参与人参皂苷生物合成酶基因调控人参总皂苷与单体皂苷的生物合成,它们在人参不同组织器官中的表达呈现协同增减趋势,并以集群协调表达的方式来调控人参皂苷生物合成。     

柴胡人参药对在外感、内伤疾病治疗中的应用比较

柴胡、人参二药入药历史悠久,秦汉时期即广泛应用于临床。二药本草学均首载于《神农本草经》,并被列为上品。《五十二病方》记载单味柴胡煎服治疗头痛。《神农本草经》有柴胡“味苦平。主心腹肠胃中结气,饮食积聚,寒热邪气,推陈致新,久服轻身、明目、益精”之说,《滇南本草》称它为“伤寒发汗解表要药”。     

No adaptogen response of mice to ginseng and eleutherococcus infusions

There was no significant difference in mortality, weight gain, liquid consumed, or pathogenesis between mice ingesting four different ginseng infusions for up to 96 days, and control mice drinking distilled water. These results suggest no toxicity or tea selectivity of mice subjected to such regimens. Mice that drank concentrated Siberian ginseng wuchaseng extract with sugar showed significantly more aggressive behavior than those drinking other infusions or distilled water. However, there was no significant difference in stamina or longevity between mice drinking infusions of two preparations of Siberian ginseng, Oriental ginseng, or American ginseng, and control mice when subjected to swimming trials in cold water 38, 46 and 96 days after treatment began. Consequently, ingestion of adaptogenic glycosides did not significantly affect the survival of mice under major environmental stress.