Venous thromboembolism in young women; role of thrombophilic mutations and oral contraceptive use.

AIMS: The interaction between the R506Q mutation of factor V and the G20210A mutation of prothrombin with oral contraceptives on venous thromboembolism was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three hundred and one women of reproductive age who had venous thromboembolism (140 while using oral contraceptives) and 650 healthy women (173 on oral contraceptives at presentation) were examined. Of the patients, 19.3% were carriers of R506Q (two homozygotes) and 9.6% were heterozygous carriers of G20210A; eight patients (2.7%) were heterozygous for both mutations. Among controls, 2.9% were carriers of R506Q, 3.1% of G20210A, while one case was a heterozygous carrier of both mutations. The relative risk (odds ratio) associated with carriership of R506Q or G20210A mutations was 10.3 and 4.7, respectively; it was 45.6 in carriers of both mutations. The odds ratio of using oral contraceptives in the absence of both mutations was 2.4. The odds ratios according to oral contraceptives use and the presence of R506Q or G20210A or both mutations were 41.0, 58.6 and 86.5, respectively. While the odds ratio for R506Q remains elevated (8.9) in non-oral contraceptive users, the odds ratio for G20210A was 2.0 and did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed a strong interaction between oral contraceptive use and the presence of either R506Q or G20210A mutations. In non-oral contraceptive users the risk of venous thromboembolism was significantly increased in carriers of R506Q but not in those with the G20210A mutation.     

Two common genetic thrombotic risk factors: factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A in adult Turkish patients with thrombosis

The prevalence of genetic risk factors for thrombosis varies greatly in different parts of the world, both in patients with thrombosis and in the general population. Factor V Leiden (FVL) and prothrombin G20210A (PT G20210A) mutations are the most common genetic defects leading to thrombosis. We have previously reported that those two thrombotic risk alleles are frequently found in Turkish children with thrombosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of FVL and PT G20210A and their clinical manifestations in adult Turkish patients with thrombosis. Between January 1997 and February 2000, 146 patients with documented thrombosis were investigated in our center for the presence of the FVL and PT G20210A mutations. Forty-five of 146 patients with thrombosis (30.8%) were detected to have FVL mutation. Among those cases with the FVL mutation, seven (4.8%) had homozygote and 38 (26%) had heterozygote mutation. The PT G20210A mutation was detected in 10 of the 146 patients with thrombosis (6.8%). Another six cases (4.1%) had both FVL and PT G20210A mutations. The overall frequency of these two common risk alleles in our adult population with thrombosis was 41.6%. Our findings reveal that FVL and PT G20210A mutations are significant genetic risk factors contributing to the pathophysiology of thrombosis in the Turkish population.     

Procoagulant factors and the risk of myocardial infarction in young women

Abstract:  Objectives:  We investigated whether elevated levels of factor VIII, IX and XI is associated with myocardial infarction (MI) in young women. In addition, we studied ABO blood group, von Willebrand factor (VWF) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Methods and results:  We compared 200 women with MI before age 49 years with 626 controls from a population-based case–control study. Mean levels of factor VIII activity (VIII), von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF), factor IX activity (IX) were higher in patients (133, 134 and 132 IU/dL) than in controls (111, 107 and 120 IU/dL, respectively). Mean levels of factor XI (XI) were equal in patients (114 IU/dL) and controls (113 IU/dL). The odds ratio (OR) for MI for blood group non-O vs. O was 1.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–2.3]. The OR adjusted for age, index year and area of residence for the highest quartile >150 IU/dL of factor VIII was 2.7 (95% CI 1.6–4.6), of VWF 4.7 (95% CI 2.3–9.7), of factor IX 2.6 (95% CI 1.3–5.4) and of factor XI 0.9 (95% CI 0.5–1.4), all compared with the lowest quartile <100 IU/dL. Conclusions:  Non-O blood group, high VWF, factor VIII and factor IX levels are associated with an increased risk of MI in young women, while high factor XI levels are not.     

青年和老年女性急性心肌梗死患者心血管疾病危险因素和发病特点分析

目的探讨女性急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者的危险因素、发病特点,以提高诊疗效果。方法回顾性分析2006年4月至2008年12月期间首都医科大学宣武医院收治的45岁以下女性AMI患者29例和45岁以上女性AMI患者189例,并对危险因素、临床表现、并发症、病死率和冠状动脉造影情况进行比较。结果45岁以下女性AMI组高胆固醇血症5例（17．2％）,其总胆固醇[（5．11±0．15）mmol／L]和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇[（2．34±0．59）mmol／L]水平均明显低于45岁以上女性AMI组。与45岁以上女性AMI组相比,45岁以下女性AMI组有典型胸痛者多见。冠状动脉造影显示45岁以下女性AMI组非阻塞性病变多见,三支病变少见;27．6％的梗死相关血管表现为正常。结论45岁以下与45岁以上女性AMI患者具有不同的临床和冠状动脉病变特点,应注意采取针对性措施,积极预防。     

The risk of venous thromboembolism in family members with mutations in the genes of factor V or prothrombin or both

Factor V Leiden and the G20210A mutation in the prothrombin gene are the most frequent abnormalities associated with venous thromboembolism. It is unknown whether the risks due to the presence of either mutation are of the same magnitude. We compared the prevalence and incidence rate of venous thromboembolism in relatives with either mutation or both. The finding of different rates might influence the strategies for primary prevention of thrombosis in carriers of these mutations. The study population included 1076 relatives of probands with the prothrombin gene mutation, factor V Leiden or both who underwent screening for inherited thrombophilia and were found to be carriers of single mutations or double mutations or who were non-carriers. The prevalence of venous thromboembolism was 5.7% in relatives with the prothrombin gene mutation, 7.8% in those with factor V Leiden, 17.1% in those with both mutations and 2.5% in non-carriers. Annual incidences of thrombosis were 0.13% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06-0.24], 0.19% (0.13-0.25), 0.42% (0.15-0.83) and 0.066% (0.03-0.11), respectively, and the relative risk of thrombosis was two times higher in carriers of the prothrombin gene mutation, three times higher in those with factor V Leiden and six times higher in double carriers than in non-carriers. The incidence of venous thromboembolism in carriers of the prothrombin gene mutation is slightly lower than that observed in carriers of factor V Leiden, whereas in carriers of both mutations it is two or three times higher. These findings suggest that lifelong primary anticoagulant prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism is not needed in asymptomatic carriers of single or double mutations. Anticoagulant prophylaxis seems to be indicated only when transient risk factors for thrombosis coexist with mutations.     

同型半胱氨酸与老年急性心肌梗死及其危险因素的相关性分析

目的:研究老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平变化及其与AMI传统危险因素的相互作用与关系。方法:随机选择60岁以上的冠心病(CHD)患者143例,其中AMI组73例、不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组37例、稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组33例,选择同期入院与CHD患者具有性别及年龄可比性且排除CHD诊断的患者55例作为对照组,收集临床资料并检测各组Hcy水平,综合分析。结果:血清Hcy水平AMI组较UAP、SAP及对照组,UAP较对照组均显著升高(P0.05),其他各组间比较均无显著差异;高Hcy血症发生率AMI组显著高于对照组(P0.05),但与UAP组及SAP组比较无显著差异;AMI组与对照组比较,性别、年龄、吸烟率、体质指数均无显著差异(均P0.05),高血压、糖尿病、高血脂及高Hcy血症患病率则老年AMI组显著高于对照组(均P0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示性别、高血压、糖尿病、高血脂及血清Hcy水平均是老年AMI的独立危险因子(P0.05);高血压、糖尿病、高血脂及AMI的发生率高Hcy组显著高于Hcy水平正常组(均P0.05),但吸烟率、BMI、年龄、性别则无显著差异(均P0.05)。结论:血清Hcy是老年AMI的一项独立危险因素,Hcy水平升高与高血压、糖尿病、高血脂可能存在交互作用,促进多种危险因素的相互聚集并发生AMI。     

Factor V Leiden, prothrombin 20210A and the risk of venous thrombosis among cancer patients

Cancer patients have an increased risk of venous thrombosis (VT). The association of factor V Leiden (FVL) and the prothrombin 20210A variant with VT in cancer patients is not established. We genotyped 101 cancer patients with VT and 101 cancer patients without VT for these polymorphisms. Five cases and three controls were heterozygous for FVL, yielding an odds ratio of 1.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3-10.7). Five cases and no controls were heterozygous for prothrombin 20210A, for an odds ratio of 6.7 (95% CI 0.9-infinity). Prothrombin 20210A may be associated with VT risk among cancer patients.     

Factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene G20210A mutation in children with cerebral thromboembolism

We investigated whether there is an association between factor V Leiden (FVL) and/or prothrombin gene G20210A mutation (PT20210A) and cerebral thromboembolism in a pediatric Argentinean population. From May 1992 to January 2002, 44 consecutive children with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) and 23 children with cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (SVT) were prospectively studied at a single center. The prevalence of both mutations was compared with a 102 age-matched controls. In children with AIS, the frequencies (patients vs. controls), odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the presence of FVL were as follows: 2.3% vs. 2%, OR/95% CI, 1.16/0.2 to 13.2; P value = 0.99. No cases of PT20210A were found in this group. In children with SVT, the frequencies (patients vs. controls), OR, and 95% CI were as follows: FVL (4.3% vs. 2%, OR/95% CI, 2.27/0.22 to 6.2; P value = 0.99) and PT20210A (4.3% vs. 1%; OR/95% CI, 4.6/0.3 to 76.3; P value = 0.3354). One child with PT20210A also had an inherited protein C deficiency. In 12 (18%) out of the 67 children with cerebral thromboembolism, without the aforementioned mutations, other prothrombotic disorders were detected. Although a multi-center prospective study with a large number of Argentinean pediatric patients is needed to obtain considerable evidence, no association between factor V Leiden and/or prothrombin gene G20210A mutation and cerebral thromboembolism was found in this pediatric series.     

Coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in young women -- role of oral contraceptives

According to their coronary anatomy and use of oral contraceptives,76 patients aged 50 years with a history of acute myocardialinfarction were allocated to one of four groups: groups I andII with contraceptive history without (g. I, n = 27) or with(gr. II, n = 15) coronary atherosclerosis, groups III and IVwithout oral contraceptive history with (gr. III, n = 27) orwithout (gr. IV, n = 7) coronary atherosclerosis. The patientswere analysed with regard to their history, the incidence ofatherogenic risk factors, and coronary and left ventricularangiograms. Among 34 patients with myocardial infarction without coronaryatherosclerosis (gr. I and IV), 27 had been using oral contraceptivesat the time of myocardial infarction; with the exception ofcigarette smoking, the incidence of atherogenic risk factorswas low in this group. The analysis of atherogenic risk factorsdid not allow estimation of the susceptibility to cardiovascularside effects of oral contraceptives. Young women with typicalcoronary atherosclerosis (gr. II and III) had an unusually highincidence of atherogenic risk factors; oral contraceptives wereused by 15 of 42 of these patients. Among patients who had sustained a myocardial infarction duringoral contraceptive medication, 64% did not have coronary atherosclerosisangiographically. Thus, myocardial infarctions under oral contraceptivesmay be a discrete disease entity unrelated to coronary atherosclerosis.Although oral contraceptives appear to increase the risk ofmyocardial infarction, they are not a typical atherogenic riskfactor.     

C-reactive protein, cardiovascular risk factors and the association with myocardial infarction in men

OBJECTIVES: This study had three objectives: first, to investigate the association of C-reactive protein levels and myocardial infarction amongst men; secondly, to study the associations of C-reactive protein levels with cardiovascular risk factors; and thirdly, to adjust the risk of myocardial infarction for such factors. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: A case-control study including 560 patients with a first myocardial infarction who had survived at least 6 months, plus 646 control subjects. RESULTS: Patients had significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein (mean 2.2 mg L-1) than control subjects (mean 1.7 mg L-1; P < 0.001). Persons in the highest quintile of C-reactive protein had an unadjusted 1.9-fold increased risk of myocardial infarction compared with persons in the lowest quintile (odds ratio 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3-2.7). C-reactive protein was, in addition to smoking, associated with several cardiovascular risk factors: age, obesity, diabetes, blood pressure, triglycerides and inversely associated to HDL cholesterol. Adjustment for these variables, especially for total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, substantially decreased the risk of myocardial infarction for persons in the highest quintile of C-reactive protein, compared to those in the lowest quintile, to 1.3 (95% CI: 0.9-1.9). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm previous reports that C-reactive protein predicts the risk of myocardial infarction. However, this association does not appear to be causal, since the increase in risk can to a large extent be explained by the presence of other cardiovascular risk factors.     

37例青年心肌梗塞的临床分析

在本院住院的800例急性心肌梗塞病人中发现年龄≤40岁的青年心肌梗塞患者37例,男性36例(97.3%),危险因素中吸烟、家族史阳性和高血脂分列前三位.冠脉造影,27例为动脉粥样硬化.1例肌桥,3例正常.冠脉病变以单支病变最多见,病变部位以左前降支最易受累,左室射的分数(LVEF)值仅2例低于40%.青年心肌梗塞发病仍以动脉粥样硬化为主要原因,预后较好.     

Association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal factor V G1691A (Leiden) and prothrombin G20210A genotypes in women with a history of recurrent idiopathic miscarriages

Thrombophilia was implicated in the development of pregnancy complications, including recurrent idiopathic pregnancy loss, and is aggravated in women who are carriers of factor V G1691A (FV Leiden) and prothrombin (PRT) G20210A single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Previous studies examined the role of FV-Leiden and PRT G20210A in recurrent pregnancy loss with conflicting results. Here we examined the prevalence of FV Leiden and PRT G20210A SNPs, in 200 women with 3 or more consecutive early (n = 87), late (n = 41), or early-late (n = 72) recurrent pregnancy losses, and 200 age-matched fertile parous control women. APC resistance (APCR) was detected functionally (measuring the activated clotting time triggered by activated factor X in presence of a fixed amount of purified APC), and FV-Leiden and PRT G20210A genotypes were assessed by PCR. The frequency of the mutant FV (0.1400 vs. 0.0276; P < 0.001) but not PRT 20210 (0.0100 vs. 0.0225; P = 0.159) allele was higher in patients than controls, respectively. APC resistance with factor V Leiden was seen in 27% of patients compared to 11.5% of controls, while APC resistance without factor V Leiden was seen in 12.5% of patients compared to 9.5% of controls. Regression analysis demonstrated that the significant predictors for early abortion was FV Leiden; those for late abortion were oral contraceptive, APCR, and FV Leiden; and predictors for early-late abortions were oral contraceptives, obesity, FV Leiden, and smoking. APC resistance and FV Leiden, as well as combination of both, are common thrombotic defects seen in women with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss, thus testing for these is recommended in women who have experienced recurrent miscarriages.     

Prevalence of factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations in unselected patients with venous thromboembolism

We determined the prevalence of factor V Leiden and of prothrombin G20210A mutations in a cohort of unselected outpatients (n = 748) referred for suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) and a pooled analysis of similar studies was also performed. Based on the clinical presentation, the prevalence of factor V Leiden was 15.7% in the 83 patients with DVT and 14.1% in the 99 patients with PE compared with 5.3% in patients without DVT and/or PE (control group). The prevalence of the prothrombin G20210A mutation did not differ among the three groups (3.9% for controls, 4. 8% for DVT and 3.9% for PE patients). We then divided the 99 patients with PE by separately analysing those with PE but without DVT (n = 57) and those with PE and DVT (n = 42). Compared with the control group, the prevalence of factor V Leiden was 10.5%, odds ratio (OR) 2.10 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.68-5.45] in patients with primary PE and 19.1%, OR 4.20 (95% CI 1.54-10.30) in patients with DVT and PE. For the prothrombin G20210A mutation, no statistically significant differences were found between the control group and the three other groups. In conclusion, our data and the pooled analysis indicate that patients with primary PE are less often affected by the factor V Leiden mutation. No statistically significant differences were observed between patients and controls for the prothrombin G20210A mutation.     

13年来心肌梗死患者危险因素特点和变化趋势

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死患者危险因素的特点和变化趋势。方法 收集北京宣武医院1993—2005年初发急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者资料，按照不同年龄、不同时期进行分组，分别比较危险因素的差异。结果 （1）中青年组和老年组不同危险因素所占的比例有所不同，青年组吸烟、高甘油三酯的比例明显高于老年组（P〈0．001）。老年组高血压、糖尿病的比例明显高于中青年组（P〈0．001和P〈0．05）。（2）2000—2005年与1993—1999年比较，中青年心肌梗死患者中，糖尿病所占比例分别为15．6％和7．9％，明显升高（P〈0．05）。老年心肌梗死患者中，高血压的比例分别为56．3％和44．2％，糖尿病分别为24．1％和10．5％，均明显升高（P〈0．01和P〈0．001）；吸烟分别为42．8％和35．4％，有所下降（P〈O．05）。（3）中青年组中多重危险因素患者所占比例较老年组明显为高（P〈0．01）。结论 心肌梗死患者必须加强对血压、血糖的监测和控制，中青年心肌梗死患者更应该强调不良生活方式的改变。     

Myocardial infarction in young adults under 30 years: risk factors and clinical course

The clinical features and course of 30 patients (26 men and 4 women) under 30 years of age (mean age 27.3 years) with an acute myocardial infarction (MI) are described. The most common risk factor among this group of patients was smoking in 20 patients (66%). The prevalence of the other risk factors was low: hyperlipidemia in four patients and family history of ischemic disease in another four patients, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity each in one patient. Seven patients (23%) had none of the conventional risk factors. Three patients were exerting themselves prior to the onset of their MI pain; all of them had normal coronaries. Five patients experienced chest pain prior to MI, among them only two experienced classical angina pectoris. Eighteen patients underwent uncomplicated MI. The complications in the other 12 during the acute MI were rhythm disturbances in eight and congestive heart failure in four. Cardiac catheterization was performed in 25 patients. The occurrence of zero, one, or multivessel disease was equal. The 30 patients were followed up from six months to 15 years (mean 7 years). In 18 patients circulating aggregated platelets were measured one year after the MI. Elevated values were found in all of them (mean +/- SD 34.9 +/- 9.1%). In 6 of the 18, all heavy smokers, extreme values were found in the range of 39-55%. Three out of the 30 patients died within five years after their first MI. The other 15 patients developed complications, most of them angina pectoris. Five patients were hospitalized for reinfarction. None of the 30 underwent aortocoronary bypass operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Increased risk of acute myocardial infarction during colder periods is independent of the conventional cardiovascular risk factors: Takashima AMI Registry, Japan

We investigated the association of the variability of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurrences between warm and colder periods and the conventional cardiovascular risk-factors. For the registered 429 first-ever-AMI event, the odd of suffering an AMI during the colder period was significantly higher (OR 1.47, 95%CI: 1.21–1.78). None of the conventional cardiovascular risk factors explains the excess risk of AMI during the colder period pointing towards the influence of AMI triggering factors in the time preceding onset of AMI irrespective of presence or absence of cardiovascular risk-factors.     

初发急性心肌梗死发病危险因素分析

目的 探讨2004-2005年北京及沈阳城市居民急性心肌梗死发生的主要危险因素,并初步估计和分析各危险因素的归因危险度百分比(ARP)和人群归因危险度百分比(PARP).方法 采用1:1配比病例对照研究方法,连续纳入初发急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者共426例,以性别和年龄为匹配因素,为每位患者匹配健康对照1例.结果 经多因素条件logistic回归分析,最终纳入了8个主要危险因素,依次为大量吸烟、糖尿病史、早发冠心病家族史、豆类摄人较少、心理压力较大、海鱼摄入较少、文化程度较低及6个月内曾经历过负性生活事件.其OR值依次为3.170、2.835、2.243、2.243、2.138、1.740、1.572和1.515;ARP值依次为71.53%、58.33%、54.05%、40.81%、56.85%、41.53%、48.62%和54.00%;PARP值依次为38.79%、10.40%、4.69%、33.72%、36.03%、24.96%、29.56%,14.83%.结论 2004-2005年,对我国北京和沈阳城市居民人群发生急性心肌梗死危害最大的危险因素依次为大量吸烟、心理压力较大、豆类摄入较少、文化程度较低、海鱼摄入较少、6个月内曾经历过负性生活事件、糖尿病和早发冠心病家族史.     

Prevalence of mild hyperhomocysteinaemia and association with thrombophilic genotypes (factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A) in Italian patients with venous thromboembolic disease

Mild hyperhomocysteinaemia is an established risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT); few data concerning its potential interaction with thrombophilic genotypes are available at the present time. We investigated 121 thrombosis-free individuals and 111 patients with at least one objectively confirmed episode of DVT. A thrombophilic condition (deficiency in antithrombin, protein C and S, factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A) was detected in 25.2% of the patients; mutant factor V or prothrombin genotypes were present in 6.6% of the controls. Hyperhomocysteinaemia was found in 14.4% of patients and 3. 3% of the controls, with a 3.7-fold increase in risk for DVT (95% CI 1.1-12.3). Adoption of different cut-off levels for definition of hyperhomocysteinaemia did not substantially change the magnitude of the risk. Carriership of both hyperhomocysteinaemia and factor V Leiden or prothrombin G20210A was detected in 2.7% of patients for each combination and in none of the controls. An approximate estimate of 30-fold increased risk in carriers of both hyperhomocysteinaemia and factor V Leiden and 50-fold increased risk in carriers of both hyperhomocysteinaemia and prothrombin G20210A was calculated, suggesting a synergistic interaction between hyperhomocysteinaemia and such thrombophilic genotypes. Yet statistical analysis is highly unstable due to the small number of individuals with combined defects. Further investigations on large series of patients are needed.     

外周血CD34+细胞数在有危险因素的急性心肌梗死患者中的变化

目的:健康人外周血中前体CD34+细胞数目很少,但在急性缺血时,这些细胞可以从骨髓动员到外周血。研究发现,有心血管危险因素的患者,外周血CD34+细胞数目是减少的。然而,有心血管事件危险因素的患者,急性心肌梗死是否能促进CD34+细胞的动员,目前尚不完全清楚。方法:42例心血管事件危险因素患者被分成两组:急性心肌梗死组20例,无冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病组22例。同时,没有冠心病及任何心血管病危险因素的16例自愿者入选为健康对照组。流式细胞仪分析外周血CD34+细胞数目。结果:急性心肌梗死组,外周血CD34+细胞的数目为（1.915±0.667）/μl,与健康对照组（1.925±0.629）/μl值比较,P=0.963。无冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病组,外周血CD34+细胞的数目为（1.804±0.605）/μl。在心肌梗死组与无冠心病组间比较,外周血CD34+细胞的数目无明显不同（P=0.575）。而且,患者并存心血管危险因素的多少与外周血中CD34+细胞水平似乎成反向相关。结论:有心血管事件危险因素患者,发生急性心肌梗死后外周血前体CD34+细胞未发现增加。由此提示心血管病危险因素可能抑制急性缺血诱导的前体CD34+细胞的动员,且与危险因素多少相关。     

心肌梗死急性期合并恶性室性心律失常患者的院内死亡危险因素资料分析

目的：探讨心肌梗死急性期合并恶性室性心律失常患者的院内死亡危险因素。方法：选取我院2012年6月到2014年12月期间,收治的172例心肌梗死急性期合并恶性室性心律失常患者作为研究对象,按照患者的最后治疗结果分为两组,存活出院的患者设为A组,院内死亡的患者设为B组,观察两组基线对比情况。结果：存活出院的A组患者比院内死亡的B组患者,男性占比高,年龄更小,心功能状况较好,有合并糖尿病和心绞痛病的患者占比更少,急性心肌梗死发作距离恶性室性心律失常间隔时间短,肌酐平均水平和血清钾平均水平更低,P＜0.05,具有统计学意义;在体表心电图中J波的检出率中,A组患者比B组患者更低,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。通过Logistic回归分析显示,NYHA高于I级（危险比：5.66;95%,Cl：1.45~22.02;P＜0.05）,心电图存在J波（危险比：4.36;95%,Cl：1.84~10.46;P＜0.05）,急性心肌梗死发作距恶性室性心律失常间隔时间超过24h（1~13天危险比：3.01;95%Cl：0.28~6.94;P＜0.05。14~30天危险比：3.40;95%Cl：1.41~8.30;P＜0.05）血清肌酐水平高于正常（危险比：5.25;95%Cl：2.11~13.15;P＜0.05）。结论：在心肌梗死急性期合并恶性室性心律失常患者的临床治疗中,患者的心功能级别,合并症,心电图J波的存在,以及急性心肌梗死发作距恶性室性心律失常间隔时间是否超过24h,血清肌酐水平高于正常等,是决定其存活出院和院内死亡的相关危险因素。