胸膜腔内注入尿激酶预防结核性渗出性胸膜炎所致胸膜肥厚和包裹性积液的研究

目的　探讨胸膜腔内注入尿激酶（urokinase,UK）对结核性渗出性胸膜炎所致胸膜肥厚和粘连包裹的影响。方法　81例收治的结核性粘连包裹性胸膜炎患者随机分为注药组(42例)和非注药组(39例),注药组于每次抽液后注入尿激酶10万IU,其他治疗相同。结果　注药组抽液总量(3891±573)ml,而非注药组(3045±498)ml(P<0.01),注药组胸膜厚度(1.10±0.20)mm,而非注药组(1.40±0.30)mm(P<0.01),胸膜粘连发生率注药组10%,非注药组36%(P<0.01),平均注药次数(4.6±1.4)(3～8)次。同时发现胸液消失时间略有延长,但同对照组相比差异无显著性。结论　胸膜腔内注入尿激酶能显著增加胸液引流量,能有效降低胸膜肥厚和粘连发生的机会和程度,与对照组相比差异有显著性。     

尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液疗效观察

目的评估胸腔内注射尿激酶、辅助用泼尼松及单纯胸腔抽胸腔积液（胸液）3种方法对结核性包裹性胸液患者胸液引流量、胸液消退时间及胸膜增厚的影响。方法将78例结核性胸膜炎患者随机分为尿激酶组、泼尼松组和单纯抽胸液组。给予尿激酶组患者胸腔内注射10万单位尿激酶后持续胸腔引流,泼尼松组患者每日服用泼尼松25mg加间断胸腔穿刺抽胸液,给予单纯抽胸液组患者单纯间断胸腔穿刺抽液。观察抽出的胸液量、胸液消退时间、胸液消退后及胸液消退后6个月时胸膜厚度。结果尿激酶组胸液引流量较其他2组明显多,胸液消退时间较其他2组短,胸膜厚度也较其他2组轻。结论胸腔内注射尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸液能有效防止胸膜增厚,缩短胸液消退时间。     

胸腔内留置深静脉管并注入尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液

目的探讨胸腔内留置深静脉管并注入尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液的疗效。方法抗结核治疗下,治疗组在胸腔内置入深静脉管,引流出胸液后,再注入尿激酶10万u加生理盐水30ml。对照组常规胸腔穿刺抽胸水至不能抽出为止。结果治疗组胸水引流量显著多于对照组,遗留胸膜肥厚明显少于对照组。结论胸腔内留置深静脉管并注入尿激酶对结核性胸腔积液的引流、减少包裹、粘连有显著疗效,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Intrapleurally administered streptokinase in the treatment of acute loculated nonpurulent parapneumonic effusions.

Adequate pleural drainage is believed to be an essential component of the management of low pH-low glucose parapneumonic effusion. Parapneumonic effusions may become loculated rapidly, preventing adequate drainage with a single chest tube. Administration of intrapleural streptokinase may be effective in promoting drainage for loculated, nonpurulent low pH-low glucose parapneumonic effusions when fibrin adhesions may not yet be organized. Intrapleural streptokinase was used in 12 patients with relatively large, symptomatic, loculated, nonpurulent parapneumonic effusions in whom the initial thoracentesis demonstrated a pH less than or equal to 7.0 and/or glucose less than or equal to 40 mg/dl, and when inadequate drainage was demonstrated roentgenographically despite tube thoracostomy. Mean pleural fluid WBC was 9,750/mm3 (range, 1 to 27 K), and pleural fluid glucose and pH were 33 +/- 21 mg/dl and 6.95 +/- 0.19, respectively. A solution of streptokinase, 250,000 units in normal saline, was given intrapleurally via the chest tube. Effectiveness of intrapleural streptokinase was assessed radiographically and by monitoring the volume of fluid drained from the chest tube after streptokinase instillation. A greater than 50% improvement in the CXR was seen in nine of 12 patients after intrapleural administration of streptokinase. The volume of fluid out in the first 48 h post-streptokinase was 849 +/- 836 ml (range, 100 to 3,000). In addition, clinical improvement (decreased chest discomfort, less dyspnea, or reduced fever) was noted in eight of 12 patients after streptokinase treatment. We conclude that intrapleural administration of streptokinase is an effective adjunct to the management of nonpurulent, loculated parapneumonic effusions that may reduce the need for multiple chest tubes or surgical drainage.     

超声引导下胸膜腔注入尿激酶治疗结核性胸腔积液

目的探讨超声引导下胸膜腔注入尿激酶治疗结核性多房性胸腔积液的临床价值。方法对42例结核性胸腔积液患者超声引导下注入生理盐水50ml稀释的尿激酶10万IU,24小时后抽尽液体,如仍有积液与分隔,重复上述治疗。结果第1次注入尿激酶后抽液量较用药前明显增多,第2~4次用药后抽液量增多不明显。总有效率为95.2%。结论超声引导下胸膜腔注入尿激酶是治疗结核性胸腔积液一种安全有效的方法。     

胸腔内注入尿激酶加地塞米松和异烟肼预防胸膜粘连肥厚的作用

目的观察胸腔留置中心静脉导管闭式引流并注入尿激酶+地塞米松+异烟肼对无包裹性结核性胸腔积液胸膜粘连肥厚的预防作用。方法将120例中等量以上无包裹性结核性胸腔积液患者随机分为每次引流胸腔积液后注入尿激酶+地塞米松+异烟肼的治疗组60例和胸腔内注入地塞米松+异烟肼的对照组60例,分别于治疗3个月复查胸部CT。结果治疗组胸膜粘连发生率6.7%较对照组的28.3%明显减少(P0.01),胸膜肥厚(1.9±0.6)mm较对照组的(3.7±0.8)mm明显减轻(P0.01)。结论胸腔留置中心静脉导管闭式引流并注入尿激酶+地塞米松+异烟肼在治疗无包裹性结核性胸腔积液中有很好的预防胸膜粘连肥厚的作用。     

胸腔置管引流并注入尿激酶治疗结核性胸腔包裹性积液的临床研究

目的探讨胸腔置管引流并注入尿激酶在治疗结核性包裹性胸膜炎的应用价值。方法 90例结核性包裹性胸膜炎病人作为研究对象,并随机分为A、B、C 3组,各30例;A组胸腔置管引流并注入尿激酶;B组胸穿抽液后注入尿激酶;C组单纯胸穿抽液;化疗方案等其它治疗方法相同。结果 A组在胸水消失时间、排液总量、胸膜厚度、肺功能FEV1%和FVC%改善方面均优于B组或C组。结论胸腔置管引流并注入尿激酶治疗结核包裹性积液引流彻底,安全有效,并发症少,能显著减轻胸膜肥厚,改善肺功能。     

Study on intrapleural injection of urokinase to prevent pleural thickening and adhesive encapsulation in children with tuberculous pleurisy

目的 观察胸腔内注射尿激酶预防儿童初治结核性渗出性胸膜炎胸膜肥厚和粘连的价值。方法 2019年1—12月沈阳市第十人民医院住院的初治结核性渗出性胸膜炎的儿童患者70例。采用数字表法随机分为两组(观察组和对照组),依据成组设计率的差异性检验样本含量估计,每组达到35例患儿即停止纳入,共纳入患者70例,男53例,女17例,4~14岁(27例),15~18岁(43例)。均在标准抗结核药品方案(2H-R-Z-E/10H-R-Z)治疗的基础上,对照组采用单纯置管胸腔积液引流方案,观察组采用置管胸腔积液引流联合胸腔内注射尿激酶方案。比较两组患者治疗12周时胸膜肥厚及粘连情况;比较两组住院时间、置管引流时间、胸腔积液消失时间、需进行手术情况,以及胸腔积液中纤溶酶原激活剂抑制因子-1(plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,PAI-1)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tissue-type plasminogen activator,t-PA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(procollagen type Ⅲ,PcⅢ)的变化水平。结果 治疗12周时,观察组胸膜肥厚,粘连或包裹性胸腔积液的发生率为28.6%(10/35),8.6%(3/35),明显低于对照组的62.9%(22/35)、31.4% (11/35),差异有统计学意义(χ²=8.289、5.714,P=0.004、0.017)。观察组住院时间[中位数(四分位数),M(Q₁,Q₃)]为21(14,32)d,置管引流时间[M(Q₁,Q₃)]为20(13,30)d,胸腔积液消失时间[M(Q₁,Q₃)]为19(12,29)d;均明显短于对照组的30(18,39)d,29(16,36)d,28(14,35)d,差异均有统计学意义(Z=2.475、2.382、2.164,P=0.013、0.017、0.030)。观察组需进行手术者占比为2.9%(1/35)明显低于对照组的22.9%(8/35),差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.590,P=0.032);观察组尿激酶干预后胸腔积液 t-PA/PAI-1的比值[M(Q₁,Q₃)]为0.43(0.38,0.53),明显高于对照组的0.22(0.19,0.32),差异具有统计学意义(Z=5.733,P=0.000);观察组尿激酶干预后胸腔积液PcⅢ浓度(35.09±6.26)μg/L低于对照组(51.73±10.27)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(t=8.188,P=0.000)。结论 胸腔置管引流联合胸腔内注射尿激酶能增高胸腔积液纤溶酶原活性、降低PcⅢ浓度,有助于预防儿童结核性渗出性胸膜炎引起的胸膜肥厚和粘连。     

胸腔内注射尿激酶预防儿童结核性渗出性胸膜炎胸膜肥厚和粘连的价值

目的 观察胸腔内注射尿激酶预防儿童初治结核性渗出性胸膜炎胸膜肥厚和粘连的价值。方法 2019年1—12月沈阳市第十人民医院住院的初治结核性渗出性胸膜炎的儿童患者70例。采用数字表法随机分为两组(观察组和对照组),依据成组设计率的差异性检验样本含量估计,每组达到35例患儿即停止纳入,共纳入患者70例,男53例,女17例,4~14岁(27例),15~18岁(43例)。均在标准抗结核药品方案(2H-R-Z-E/10H-R-Z)治疗的基础上,对照组采用单纯置管胸腔积液引流方案,观察组采用置管胸腔积液引流联合胸腔内注射尿激酶方案。比较两组患者治疗12周时胸膜肥厚及粘连情况;比较两组住院时间、置管引流时间、胸腔积液消失时间、需进行手术情况,以及胸腔积液中纤溶酶原激活剂抑制因子-1(plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,PAI-1)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tissue-type plasminogen activator,t-PA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(procollagen type Ⅲ,PcⅢ)的变化水平。结果 治疗12周时,观察组胸膜肥厚,粘连或包裹性胸腔积液的发生率为28.6%(10/35),8.6%(3/35),明显低于对照组的62.9%(22/35)、31.4% (11/35),差异有统计学意义(χ²=8.289、5.714,P=0.004、0.017)。观察组住院时间[中位数(四分位数),M(Q₁,Q₃)]为21(14,32)d,置管引流时间[M(Q₁,Q₃)]为20(13,30)d,胸腔积液消失时间[M(Q₁,Q₃)]为19(12,29)d;均明显短于对照组的30(18,39)d,29(16,36)d,28(14,35)d,差异均有统计学意义(Z=2.475、2.382、2.164,P=0.013、0.017、0.030)。观察组需进行手术者占比为2.9%(1/35)明显低于对照组的22.9%(8/35),差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.590,P=0.032);观察组尿激酶干预后胸腔积液 t-PA/PAI-1的比值[M(Q₁,Q₃)]为0.43(0.38,0.53),明显高于对照组的0.22(0.19,0.32),差异具有统计学意义(Z=5.733,P=0.000);观察组尿激酶干预后胸腔积液PcⅢ浓度(35.09±6.26)μg/L低于对照组(51.73±10.27)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(t=8.188,P=0.000)。结论 胸腔置管引流联合胸腔内注射尿激酶能增高胸腔积液纤溶酶原活性、降低PcⅢ浓度,有助于预防儿童结核性渗出性胸膜炎引起的胸膜肥厚和粘连。     

尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液的疗效研究

目的探讨胸膜腔内注入尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液的疗效。方法抗结核治疗下,常规胸腔穿刺抽胸水后,治疗组胸腔内注入尿激酶20万单位 生理盐水20ml,对照组胸腔内只注入生理盐水10ml。结果治疗组抽胸水量显著多于对照组,胸水吸收时间和遗留胸膜肥厚明显少于对照组。尿激酶对改善临床症状无明显作用。结论胸腔内注入尿激酶对结核性胸腔积液的引流、减少包裹、粘连有显著疗效,值得在临床上推广应用。     

内置引流管加尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液

目的：探讨胸腔内留置深静脉管并注入尿激酶对结核性包裹性胸腔积液的治疗作用。方法：抗结核治疗下，常规胸腔内留置深静脉管引流胸水，治疗组胸腔内注入尿激酶25万u 地塞米松10mg 生理盐水10ml／次，对照组胸腔内只注入地塞米松10mg 生理盐水10ml／次。结果：尿激酶组总引流量明显优于对照组．遗留胸膜肥厚明显少于对照组，且无并发症发生。结论：内置引流管加尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液的方法方便、安全，疗效满意，值得在临床上推广应用。     

胸腔置管向胸腔内注入尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液的疗效观察

目的观察胸膜腔内置引流管注入尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸液效果。方法将60例结核性包裹性胸腔积液患者随机分成两组,在规则抗结核治疗基础上,对治疗组患者经内置引流管向胸腔内注射尿激酶10万单位,对照组胸腔内注入异烟肼0．1g及地塞米松5mg作对照。结果治疗组30例中有5例（16．6％）完全吸收,16例大部分吸收,好转9例,无效1例,总有效率96．66％,对照组30例中有0例（0％）完全吸收,4例大部分吸收,好转10例,无效16例,总有效率46．66％,结论通过胸腔内置引流管注入尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液明显优于传统的注入异烟肼及地塞米松,且减少穿刺次数,减轻患者痛苦,节省费用,付作用小,是一种安全有效的方法。     

胸腔置管引流并注入尿激酶治疗结核性渗出性胸膜炎的疗效观察

目的 观察胸腔置管引流联合尿激酶注入胸腔治疗结核性渗出性胸膜炎的疗效.方法 将62例结核性渗出性胸膜炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,两组均常规给予全身抗结核和泼尼松治疗,治疗组在此基础上胸膜腔微创置管引流,间断注入尿激酶10万IU,对照组在此基础上间断胸腔穿刺抽液.分别观察胸水总量,胸水吸收时间,胸膜肥厚、气胸、胸膜反应、血性胸水发生率.结果 治疗组胸水总量、胸水吸收时间与对照组相比有显著差异,胸膜厚度、气胸、胸膜反应发生率与对照组相比差异有统计学意义,血性胸水发生率两组相比差异不显著.结论 胸腔置管持续引流联合尿激酶注入治疗结核性胸膜炎疗效好,能有效增加胸水排出量、缩短胸水吸收时间、减少胸膜肥厚、减少穿刺并发症,血性胸水未见增加.     

Medical management of parapneumonic pleural disease

Considerable heterogeneity exists in the management of parapneumonic pleural disease. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) demonstrated the effectiveness of small-catheter drainage with fibrinolysis, but surgical devotees suggest this may only be applicable to "early" cases. We examined evidence-based medical management in "all-comers." We performed a retrospective database analysis of the management of all children with complex pleural effusion admitted to the John Radcliffe Hospital over the 7-year period 1996-2003. One hundred and ten children were admitted. Ten were excluded as they were part of a multicenter RCT and had received intrapleural saline instead of urokinase. Of the remaining 100, 51 were female and 49 male. Median age on admission was 5.8 years (range, 0.3-16.5). Symptoms preadmission averaged 11 days, with December the most common month for presentation. Ninety-six underwent chest ultrasound, confirming an effusion in all, described as loculated/septated (68) or echogenic (11). In 17 cases, no specific comment was made regarding the nature of the fluid seen on ultrasound. Ninety-five had subsequent chest tube drainage and then received intrapleural fibrinolysis with urokinase. An etiological organism was identified in 21 cases (21%) (Streptococcus pneumoniae in 10, group A Streptococcus in 5, Staphylococcus aureus in 4, Haemophilus influenzae in 1, and coliform in 1). In a further 9 cases (9%), Gram-positive organisms were seen on pleural fluid microscopy, but did not grow on culture. Two (2%) required surgery due to the persistence of symptoms and an inadequate response to medical management. Median duration of admission was 7 days (range, 2-21 days); median duration of stay from intervention was 5 days (range, 2-19 days). At median follow-up of 8 weeks (range, 3-20 weeks), all children were symptom-free, with minimal pleural thickening on chest X-ray. In conclusion, antibiotic therapy with chest drain insertion and intrapleural urokinase is effective in treating complex parapneumonic effusion and is associated with a good long-term outcome.     

导丝分割与胸腔注射尿激酶治疗结核性胸膜炎

目的对弹性导丝分割与胸腔注入尿激酶在治疗多发分隔结核性胸腔积液的临床疗效进行比较。方法选取多发分隔结核性胸腔积液患者98例,分为a组(导丝组)、b组(尿激酶组)及c组(合用组),观察三组胸腔积液好转天数、胸腔积液引流量及胸膜反应发生率并进行比较。结果胸腔积液好转天数、胸水引流量a组与b组及a组与c组之间有统计学差异(P0.05),而b组与c组无统计学差异(P0.05)。操作出现胸膜反应a组与c组无统计学差异(P0.05),而a组与b组、b组与c组之间有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论弹性导丝分割是治疗结核性胸腔积液的有效治疗方法,但胸膜反应发生率高,胸腔注入尿激酶带来更多的胸腔积液引流量,两种方法合用并无优势。     

胸腔内注入尿激酶对结核性胸膜炎的疗效观察

目的探讨尿激酶胸腔内注射治疗结核性胸膜炎的效果。方法将82例结核性胸膜炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组在胸穿抽液后注射生理盐水20ml稀释尿激酶10万u,对照组在抽液后注入生理盐水20ml,两组抗结核化疗方案相同。结果治疗组总有效率97.6%,优于对照组82.9%(P<0.05);抽液量2486ml,优于对照组1817ml(P<0.05),治疗组胸膜增厚粘连发生率明显减少(P<0.05)。结论尿激酶对结核性渗出性胸膜炎有辅助治疗作用,可减少胸膜粘连。     

Intrapleural heparin or heparin combined with human recombinant DNase is not effective in the treatment of empyema in a rabbit model

OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of intrapleural heparin or heparin combined with human recombinant DNase in the treatment of empyema. METHODS: Empyema was induced in rabbits with an intrapleural injection of 10(9)Pasteurella multicoda organisms in infusion agar via a surgically placed chest tube. Once empyema was verified, a blinded investigator administered drugs via the chest tube. There were three treatment groups each with six rabbits. One group was given 1000 IU heparin, a second group was given 1000 IU heparin plus 1 mg of human recombinant DNase via chest tube and the control group received saline. The rabbits received treatment every 12 h for a total of six treatments and the volume of each treatment was 3 mL. The animals were sacrificed at day 10 and the amount of empyema and pleural thickening was scored macroscopically on a scale of 0-6. RESULTS: The total volume of pleural effusion aspirated was significantly higher in the heparin group (25.8+/-10.7 mL) compared with either saline (8+/-8.9) or heparin plus human recombinant DNase (6.8+/-6.1) groups (P=0.003). The mean empyema and pleural thickening scores did not differ significantly between the groups (P=0.8, P=0.5 respectively). A weak correlation was found between total volume of aspirated pleural fluid and pleural parameters of white blood cell counts and LDH levels (r=0.546 and P=0.02, r=0.631 and P=0.02 respectively). CONCLUSION: The intrapleural administration of 1000 IU heparin alone or in combination with 1 mg of human recombinant DNase is no more effective than saline in the treatment of empyema in rabbits. Intrapleural heparin significantly increased the drainage of pleural fluid compared with the combination and saline group.     

胸膜腔内注入纤溶剂治疗渗出性胸膜炎的研究进展

纤维蛋白溶解剂胸膜腔注入辅助治疗渗出性胸膜炎在临床上较大规模应用已有20年历史,最近5年之前的主要文献均肯定了其疗效,认为其可以促进引流,减少外科手术十预率,缩短住院时间及降低费用,但2005年英国牛津的一个迄今最大规模的胸膜腔注入链激酶治疗感染性胸水的前瞻性双盲对照试验则否定了这一结论,目前这一疗法的临床前景仍有待明确.一些新型纤溶剂及辅助引流胸水药物的研究已取得一些进展,但仍未见应用于人体,需要试验来验证其治疗作用.我国的研究应用主要是用尿激酶治疗结核性胸水.但只局限于临床指标的观察,尚缺乏检测应用尿激酶后胸水纤维蛋白、流变性等性状指标改变的实验数据支持研究结果.     

超声引导穿刺抽液并注入尿激酶治疗老年胸腔积液

目的研究胸腔内注射尿激酶对胸膜增厚程度不同的多房性、包裹性胸膜炎的治疗效果.方法将收治的76例老年包裹性、多房性胸腔积液患者作为研究对象,将患者随机分为治疗组和对照组.治疗组40例分为A,B两组,给予胸腔穿刺抽液引流并胸腔内注射尿激酶治疗,其中胸膜增厚＞5 mm 14例为B组;对照组36例分为C,D两组,给予反复胸腔穿刺抽水治疗,其中胸膜增厚＞5 mm 13例为D组;治疗组和对照组患者其他临床资料无差别,具有可比性;注药24h后抽液,B超定点测定首次注药前后的抽液量、胸膜厚度、纤维素分隔积分,差值结果作单因素卡方检验.结果治疗组与对照组相比,用药后抽液量增多,胸膜厚度变薄,纤维素分隔减轻(P＜0.001).C组、D组与B组的3项观测指标相比差异无显著性.结论胸腔引流并胸腔内注射尿激酶能促进胸水引流、减轻胸膜肥厚、粘连,疗效肯定;对胸膜增厚＞5 mm的病例无效.     

胸腔置管联合透明质酸钠防治结核性胸膜炎胸膜肥厚研究

目的 观察中心静脉导管联合透明质酸钠防治结核性胸膜炎胸膜肥厚的疗效,探讨其作用机制.方法 64例符合结核性胸膜炎诊断标准、中至大量游离性胸腔积液患者,采用随机化原则分为治疗组和对照组.治疗组采用微创置管方法于患侧胸腔内插入中心静脉导管,胸腔积液完全引流后,注入透明质酸钠凝胶2.5 ml;对照组常规胸膜腔穿刺抽液,第2次抽液后注入2.5 ml生理盐水作对照.第1次抽液当日两组均给予标准抗痨方案,即2HRZE/4HR,注药前、注药后72 h、注药后3个月分别测量患侧胸膜厚度.结果 59例患者参与最后结果分析.治疗组患者呼吸困难开始缓解的时间、发热时间、胸腔积液完全引流时间、住院天数短于对照组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),治疗组胸腔积液引流量高于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗组较对照组可降低胸腔积液中乳酸脱氢酶、总蛋白(P值均＜0.01)及白细胞水平(P＜0.05);治疗组在注药后72 h及注药后3个月胸膜厚度F(5.75±2.10)mm,(3.81±2.42)mm]均小于对照组[(8.29±2.62)mm,(7.47±2.85)mm,P值均＜0.01].结论 胸腔置入中心静脉导管联合透明质酸钠可较快地缓解患者因胸腔积液压迫肺造成的呼吸困难,缩短住院时间,减轻胸膜肥厚的程度.