颈动脉狭窄的支架治疗

目的:分析探讨颈动脉支架成形术治疗颈动脉狭窄的安全性。方法:本组34例患者,在球囊扩张及支架释放过程中,全部使用保护伞,并对颈动脉狭窄程度大于70%的16例患者进行预扩张,扩张后根据狭窄长度置入自膨式支架,未扩张的18例患者直接置入自膨式支架,其中有3例未扩张的患者,支架释放后未完全膨胀,但狭窄的直径超过了80%,血流通畅,未进行后扩张。结果:支架置入成功率100%,无1例患者出现脑出血、脑梗塞等严重并发症,支架置入后,支架膨胀良好,血流通畅,患者临床症状得到明显改善。结论:颈动脉支架置入治疗颈动脉狭窄是一种新的治疗方法,亦能代替经典颈动脉内膜剥离术,并对颈动脉狭窄引起的卒中的预防和治疗发挥了重要作用。     

颈动脉损伤的血管内介入治疗

目的 评价采用介入技术经血管内治疗颈动脉损伤的安全性和疗效.方法 对111例经数字减影血管造影(DSA)确诊的颈动脉损伤患者进行血管内治疗.本组颅外段颈内动脉(ICA)损伤1例,采用覆膜支架封闭颈动脉破裂口),颅内段颈内动脉损伤110例,采用球囊栓塞73例,弹簧圈栓塞12例,注射α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(NBCA)栓塞6例,覆膜支架封闭破裂口11例,应用多种材料联合栓塞8例.结果 血管造影显示颅外段颈内动脉动静脉瘘(AVF)1例,创伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘(TCCF)83例,创伤性颅内段颈内动脉假性动脉瘤14例,TCCF合并假性动脉瘤13例.治疗均获成功,颈动脉保留通畅62例,临床症状消失110例,好转1例.并发症2例,无死亡患者.术后跟踪随访1～14个月,其中16例经DSA复查,临床症状复发3例,其中2例经补充栓塞治愈,1例继续临床观察.结论 应用介人技术包括经导管超选择性栓塞术和覆膜支架置人术治疗颈动脉损伤是损伤小、安全且有效的方法.     

创伤性颈内动脉假性动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的 探讨载瘤动脉闭塞、弹簧圈栓塞以及支架技术治疗颅内创伤性颈内动脉假性动脉瘤(pseudoaneurysm,PSA)的适应证及其疗效.方法 本组6例患者,3例海绵窦段PSA合并颈内动脉海绵窦痿(carotid-cavernous fistula,CCF),2例单纯颈内动脉PSA,1例CCF球囊栓塞后复查显示PSA.球囊闭塞CCF及创伤性颈内动脉PSA 1例,弹簧圈栓塞3例,颈内动脉球囊闭塞2例.根据6例患者的临床表现、影像学资料、治疗方法选择、临床疗效、随访资料以及文献,分析三种治疗方式的适应证.结果 本组患者无手术相关并发症发生,无脑缺血并发症.术后无鼻出血发生,3例眼球突出回复,1例随访半年视力改善,3例颅内杂音消失,3例瞳孔缩小,复查数字减影血管造影(DSA)未见PSA复发.结论 血管内治疗是治疗颈内动脉PSA的首选,合并CCF时可行球囊闭塞或载瘤动脉闭塞.对单纯窄颈者予以弹簧圈栓塞,对宽颈的采用支架技术结合弹簧圈栓塞,而位于颈内动脉岩段可选择带膜支架.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the indication and result of parental artery occlusion, embolization with coils, stents in treatment of the traumatic carotid artery pseudoaneurysm. Methods There were six patients with traumatic carotid artery pseudoaneurysm including three patients of cavernous pseudoaneurysm combined with carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF), two with simple traumatic carotid artery pseudoaneurysm and one with traumatic carotid artery pseudoaneurysm that was found after CCF embolization with detachable balloon. The treatment included balloon occlusion for CCF and traumatic carotid pseudoaneurysm in one patient, coil embolization in three and intenal carotid artery balloon occlusion in two. The Clinical manifestations, imaging data, choice of treatment, clinical efficacy, follow-up data and literatures were analyzed to discuss the indications for three treatments. Results There was no cerebral ischemia or surgically-related complication. No epistaxis occurred. The eyeball protrusion restoration was found in three patients and intracranial bruit vanishing in three. Vision was improved one patient after half a year follow-up. The pupils shrank in three patients during follow - up. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed no recurrence of pseudoaneurysm. Conclusions Endovascular treatment is the preferred choice of treatment for traumatic carotid artery pseudoaneurysm. The occlusion or parent artery balloon occlusion can be used when the pseudoaneurysm is combined with CCF. Coil embolization can be used for shoes with narrow neck, stent technology combined with coil embolization for those with wide neck and the covered stent for the rock section of the internal carotid artery.     

颈动脉滤器在颈动脉狭窄内支架植入中的应用

目的 评价经皮血管内支架成形术联合应用颈动脉滤器对颈动脉狭窄的治疗效果。方法 21例具有临床症状的颅外颈动脉狭窄患者接受了血管内支架成形治疗，术中同时使用颈动脉滤器，并对颈动脉滤器所回收的物质进行病理学分析。结果 21例患者支架及滤器均成功置人，滤器均成功回收。所有患者的主要症状与体征都得到有效控制或明显改善。对滤器内的回收物质病理学分析表明，回收物质为微小血栓颗粒、泡沫细胞、胆固醇颗粒。结论 经皮血管内支架成形术联合应用颈动脉滤器，不仅可有效地缓解颈动脉狭窄所致的血流障碍，而且可有效地预防术中脱落的微小栓子进入脑内。     

Intracranial carotid anastomosis and partial aplasia of an internal carotid artery

Summary A rare arterial anastomosis between the right and left internal carotid arteries at the base at the skull, with aplasia of the cervical part of the left internal carotid artery is reported. The case is unusual because, in addition to the vascular anomaly of the carotid artery, there is an aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery and bilateral renal cysts. The condition is a complex malformation syndrome caused by defective regression of the third branchial artery. Because of the characteristic angiographic aspects such a case should be called transverse carotid anastomosis.Dedicated to Professor Dr. Friedrich Loew on his 60th birthday     

颈动脉支架治疗

颈动脉狭窄是短暂性脑缺血发作和缺血性卒中发生的主要原因之一.颈动脉支架置入术为颈动脉狭窄的治疗开辟了一条新的治疗途径,具有创伤小、安全和并发症少等特点,并为禁忌颈动脉内膜切除术的患者创造了新的机会.实验证实,其对卒中二级预防的效果与经典的颈动脉内膜切除术相同.手术的安全性与有效性依赖于规范的操作和术前对脑血流与脑功能的全面评估.随着保护技术的应用和防止再狭窄技术的成熟,介入治疗将在颈动脉狭窄治疗中发挥更大的作用.     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the carotid artery

Summary The successful dilation of postsurgical concentric stenosis of an internal carotid artery using percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is reported here. Only one such case has been previously documented. Review of the literature disclosed 16 patients who received transluminal angioplasty for stenosis of carotid arteries by percutaneous or open arteriotomy techniques. The authors feel that PTA may be the treatment of choice for postoperative concentric stenosis of a short segment of the carotid artery as opposed to surgical repair.     

Direct caroticocavernous fistula and traumatic dissection of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery: endovascular treatment

After severe craniocerebral trauma a 14-year-old boy developed progressive exophthalmos with venous congestion and chemosis, due to a direct caroticocavernous fistula. Angiography revealed traumatic occlusion of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery and absence of the inferior petrosal sinus. After failure of an approach via the anterior and posterior communicating arteries, the cavernous sinus was successfully catheterised through the occluded internal carotid artery, and embolisation performed with coils. Received: 21 July 1998/Accepted: 5 April 1999     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid artery

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty via the common femoral artery was performed in a 32-year-old woman with neurologic symptoms secondary to stenosis of the left internal carotid artery due to fibromuscular dysplasia. Good anatomic results after dilatation and gradual normalization of the neurologic symptoms show that this technique can be used for the treatment of nonarteriosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid artery.     

犬颈总动脉实验性虹吸段血管模型的建立

目的 探讨截取一侧颈总动脉节段与另一侧颈总动脉端端吻合建立颅底段颈内动脉（虹吸段）血管模型的可行性.方法 对8只成年家犬应用显微外科技术,将玻璃管制成“S”形,一侧颈总动脉（CCA）作为母体动脉,截取另一侧颈总动脉节段穿过玻璃管模型与对侧CCA端端吻合.2周后作血管造影（CTA/DSA）证实模型内血流通畅.结果 8只犬均成功地建成颅底段颈内动脉（虹吸段）血管模型.结论 应用犬一侧颈总动脉节段与另一侧颈总动脉端端吻合建立颅底段颈内动脉（虹吸段）血管模型切实可行.     

Poststenotic signal attenuation on 3 D phase-contrast MR angiography: a useful finding in haemodynamically significant carotid artery stenosis

We performed blinded visual evaluation of MR angiography (MRA) films in 44 patients with unilateral carotid artery stenosis to determine whether a flow gap and poststenotic signal attenuation on 3 D-PC MRA were useful signs of severe carotid artery stenosis. Although nine patients with a flow gap alone had various degrees of stenosis ranging from 22.2 to 77.3 % without any decrease in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), 13 patients with both a flow gap and poststenotic signal attenuation had severe stenoses of 80 % or more, with a definite decrease in baseline rCBF. The presence of both a flow gap and poststenotic signal attenuation on 3 D-PC MRA appeared to be a reliable marker of severe carotid artery stenosis with a decrease in rCBF. Received: 30 April 1999/Accepted: 11 August 2000     

颈动脉瘤的手术及介入治疗体会

目的：探讨颈动脉瘤的诊断及治疗方法。方法：通过典型病例分析病因、症状、影像学改变及手术和介入等不同治疗方法。结果：4例分别行动脉造影、DSA、CTA确诊。手术治疗3例，血管内支架治疗1例均获得成功。随访2月～6年，效果满意。结论：①选择性颈动脉造影是诊断颈动脉瘤最有效的手段；②术前尽可能行颈动脉压迫训练，切忌做诊断性穿刺；③动脉瘤内缝合及外包裹术和介入治疗是选择的主要术式；④本组1例是先天性左颈总动脉闭锁、右颈外动脉瘤；1例术后顽固性高血压，均较罕见，值得探讨。     

高血压病患者颈动脉超声检测分析

目的：探讨B超对颈总动脉和颈内动脉的检查价值。材料和方法：对189例高血压患者和686例健康人颈总动脉和颈内动脉进行超声检查。结果：颈动脉粥样硬化随年龄增加而增加，相同年龄段高血压组的发病率明显高于健康组。颈动脉粥样硬化发生部位以BIF为最多，其次为CCA，ICA最低。有斑块的血管常同时伴有内壁增厚，多发生在CCA、BIF处。结论：B超对颈动脉病变的诊断有较高应用价值。     

Ascending pharyngeal artery collateral circulation simulating internal carotid artery hypoplasia

Summary Complete occlusion of the cervical segment of the internal carotid artery may result in a collateral circuit between an enlarged ascending pharyngeal artery and the intracranial segment of the internal carotid artery. This anastomosis may simulate a severely stenotic or hypoplastic internal carotid artery. Differentiation between these entities is particularly important if carotid endarterectomy for relief of stenosis is contemplated.     

颈内动脉系恢复期脑梗死颈动脉注射复方甘露醇的对比观察

目的探讨颈动脉注射复方甘露醇治疗颈动脉系恢复期脑梗死的治疗作用和安全性。方法随机将947例恢复期脑梗死患者分成治疗组455例和常规治疗对照组492例。治疗组给予病灶侧颈动脉注射复方甘露醇注射液3～5次。治疗前和治疗后一年随访时按照欧洲卒中评分标准对患者进行临床神经功能缺损评分,并观察患侧肢体水肿及消肿情况和病灶侧颈动脉的血流情况。结果治疗组疗效明显优于对照组,颈动脉的血流情况在治疗前后无明显变化。结论颈动脉注射复方甘露醇治疗颈内动脉系恢复期脑梗死安全、有效。     

Agenesis of the internal carotid artery and cavernous sinus hypoplasia with contralateral cavernous sinus meningioma

We report a cavernous sinus meningioma encasing the cavernous internal carotid artery in a patient with congenital agenesis of the contralateral internal carotid artery and cavernous sinus hypoplasia.     

颈动脉和椎基底动脉16层螺旋CT减影成像的应用价值

目的:探讨颈动脉和椎基底动脉CTA减影技术的临床应用价值。方法:对43例患者行颈动脉和椎基底动脉CTA检查,原始数据在工作站进行减影和三维图像后处理。图像由2名观察者对颈动脉和椎基底动脉的显影情况进行评分,数据应用SPSS11.0进行统计学分析。结果:减影和非减影的颈动脉和椎基底动脉图像的观察评分有显著性差异。CTA减影血管重建后的图像质量优良,在显示颈动脉和椎基底动脉的完整性方面明显优于常规CTA血管重建。减影图像对于显示管壁钙化效果欠佳,需结合平扫和非减影图像进行钙化斑块评估。结论:CTA减影成像技术改善了对颈动脉和椎基底动脉复杂解剖及异常管壁结构的显示,结合非减影图像,可为临床提供更加丰富的诊断信息。     

双侧颈内动脉狭窄的侧枝循环特点分析

目的 :利用血管造影技术分析双侧颈内动脉狭窄或闭塞的形态学特点。方法 :2 0 0 0年 9月～ 2 0 0 4年 4月 ,我们收治了 15 5例单侧大脑中动脉狭窄或闭塞的患者 ,其中男 10 9例 ,女 4 6例 ;年龄 2 9～ 73岁 ,平均 4 7.6± 6 .2 4岁 ,借助血管造影技术对其形态学特点进行评价。结果 :双侧颈内动脉狭窄或闭塞时 ,最常见各种方式的综合代偿 ,单纯依赖Willis环者较少 ,但在单侧闭塞伴对侧狭窄的患者中 ,前交通动脉代偿较多。单侧闭塞伴对侧狭窄的患者多发生狭窄侧脑梗死。侧枝循环代偿尤其是后交通动脉代偿可以防止梗死发生 ,但前交通动脉代偿时梗死的发生率反而增高。结论 :双侧颈内动脉狭窄或闭塞时 ,应该深入分析血管形态学变化 ,判断其发生缺血事件的危险性 ,从而给予针对性的治疗。     

颈动脉狭窄的介入治疗

颈动脉支架置入术治疗颈内动脉狭窄对患者创伤小、痛苦少,从循证医学的角度来看,颈动脉支架置入术已成为代替经典的颈动脉内膜剥离术治疗颈动脉狭窄的有效方法。本文对颈动脉狭窄介入治疗的有关问题进行综述。相信随着许多大规模、多中心临床试验的完成,颈动脉支架置入术将在颈动脉狭窄患者的卒中预防和治疗中发挥重要作用。     

Aberrant internal carotid artery lying within the middle ear

Summary The CT signs of aberrant course of the internal carotid artery are presented and are contrasted against those of anomalously high jugular bulb, glomus tympanicum and cholesterol granuloma.