骼动脉支架结合股深动脉成形术治疗高危重症下肢缺血的临床研究

目的探讨术中髂动脉支架植入结合股深动脉成形术治疗高危重症下肢缺血的初步临床经验.方法1999年7月至2001年5月,采用术中髂动脉球囊扩张和支架植入结合股深动脉成形术治疗高危重症多节段动脉硬化闭塞症9例(13条肢体),其中男性7例,女性2例,平均年龄76岁,均以静息痛为主诉.术前踝肱指数为0.22±0.17.结果髂动脉球囊扩张和支架植入10条,股深动脉成形11条,股-股动脉人工血管转流术3条,均获得成功.无重要脏器并发症和手术死亡.术后踝肱指数0.41±0.15,与术前相比有提高(P＜0.05).平均随访11个月(1-23个月),患者症状较术前明显改善,均无静息痛,仅3例残余有轻度间歇性跛行.结论髂动脉球囊扩张和支架植入结合股深动脉成形术是治疗高危重症多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的安全、有效方法     

术中髂动脉支架结合股动脉旁路术治疗多节段动脉硬化闭塞症

目的 探讨术中髂动脉腔内成形及支架植入结合股-Guo动脉旁路术治疗多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的初步临床经验。方法 采用术中同时行髂动脉腔内成形和支架植入结合股-Guo动脉旁路术治疗多节段动脉硬化闭塞症10例（12条肢体）。结果 术中11条髂动脉行腔内成形和支架植入均获成功,9条肢体行股-Guo动脉人工血管旁路术,3条肢体行股-股-Guo动脉人工血管旁路系列转流术;1条肢体股-Guo动脉旁路术失败,本组患者无重要脏器并发症和手术死亡。平均随访时间6个月（1-12个月,髂动脉腔内支架通畅率100%;3条股-股动脉耻骨上人工血管转流均通畅;而股-Guo动脉人工血管通畅率83.3%;截肢率8.3%。结论 术中髂动脉腔内支架结合股-Guo动脉旁路术是治疗多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的安全、有效方法。     

多节段下肢动脉硬化闭塞症介入治疗及手术治疗体会

目的 总结一侧髂动脉闭塞合并下肢动脉长段闭塞患者治疗的临床效果.方法 对于一侧髂动脉同时合并下肢动脉长段闭塞的多节段下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者,间歇跛行距离小于50m或有静息痛者采用髂动脉支架或联合血管旁路术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症32例.结果 行髂动脉病变段球囊扩张及内置支架术29例36枚支架,3例髂动脉介入治疗失败,行股浅动脉病变段支架置入3例,行股-腘动脉膝上血管旁路术13例,行膝下血管旁路术2例,3例髂动脉支架治疗失败者2例行股-股动脉耻骨上旁路术,1例放弃治疗.介入治疗及手术治疗均取得成功.随访3～36个月,3例患者因肿瘤或急性心肌梗塞死亡,大部分患者临床症状消失.1例股浅动脉支架1个月后闭塞,后因肢体严重缺血截肢.3例股-腘旁路血管闭塞,1例接受取栓手术好转,1例截肢,1例无静息痛间歇跛行距离大于50m应用药物治疗.结论 支架置入或联合血管旁路术是治疗多节段下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的安全有效方法 .     

股深动脉成形联合髂动脉支架治疗高危重症下肢缺血18例

目的：探讨股深动脉成形联合髂动脉支架植入治疗高危、重症下肢动脉闭塞缺血的效果。方法：对18例（26条肢体）重症、高危下肢动脉广泛闭塞患者采用术中髂动脉球囊扩张和支架植入联合股深动脉成形术治疗。通过观察患肢间歇性跛行距离,踝肱指数等指标改善情况进行评估。结果：髂动脉球囊扩张和支架植入20条肢体、股深动脉成形22条肢体、股-股动脉人工血管转流6条肢体均获得成功,平均随访（16±8.5）个月（3～26个月）,踝肱指数明显提高,静息痛均消失。结论：股深动脉成形联合髂动脉支架植入是治疗高危、重症下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的安全、有效方法。     

下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的联合治疗

目的探讨下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症治疗方法及临床疗效。方法2004年3月至2005年11月,采用髂动脉球囊扩张和支架植入结合动脉旁路术、股深动脉成形术或自体骨髓干细胞移植术治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症17例(19条肢体),术前踝肱指数(ABI)为(0.26±0.13),术前常规行血管彩超及CTA检查评价下肢动脉病变情况。结果髂动脉球囊扩张和支架植入19条,股深动脉成形11条,股-动脉人工血管转流术12条,自体骨髓干细胞移植3条,均获得成功。均未出现严重并发症。术后ABI(0.64±0.17)(P<0.05,t检验),随访期间,4例残余间歇性跛行,3例术后3个月行干细胞移植术后症状明显好转。结论多方法联合是治疗多节段多平面下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的有效方法;股深动脉的病变范围与手术治疗效果密切相关;术前正确评价股深动脉的通畅程度十分重要。     

血管腔内介入联合外科手术治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症

目的: 探讨下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的治疗手段及临床疗效。方法:2004年3月—2006年1月，采用髂动脉球囊扩张和支架植入结合动脉旁路术、股深动脉成形术治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症21例(24条患肢)。24条患肢行髂动脉球囊扩张和支架植入术，其中12条患肢加行股深动脉成形术，14条患肢加行股-腘动脉人工血管转流术。结果:手术均获得成功，未出现严重并发症。术后踝肱指数0.63 ±0.18与术前0.24±0.13相比有明显提高（P<0.05）。平均随访13个月(1~23个月)。与术前相比患者症状明显改善，仅4例残余有间歇性跛行（跛行距离300~500m），其中3例术后3个月行干细胞移植术后症状明显好转，跛行距离加大（>1 000m）。结论:髂动脉腔内介入结合动脉旁路术、股深动脉成形术是治疗多节段多平面下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的有效方法。手术创伤小，操作方便。手术方式灵活，尤适用于高危重症患者。     

髂动脉硬化闭塞性病变的介入治疗技术及体会

目的探讨应用内膜下血管成形术(SIA)联合经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)介入治疗髂动脉硬化闭塞性病变的技术方法和疗效。方法对15例伴有严重缺血症状的髂动脉硬化闭塞性病变患者,采用顺行途径穿刺,经左肱动脉穿刺3例,经对侧股动脉穿刺12例。通过SIA对闭塞段动脉进行再通,应用球囊扩张成形并植入支架(裸支架18枚,覆膜支架4枚)。结果内膜下血管成形术技术成功率100%,支架植入后髂动脉闭塞段管腔形态良好,血流通畅,无严重并发症出现,临床症状消失或明显改善。患肢踝肱指数由术前的0.41±0.12增至术后7天的0.81±0.13(t=8.76,P0.0001)。近中期随访2例发生再狭窄,经PTA解除,术后12个月支架一期通畅率为85.71%(12/14)。结论 SIA联合支架植入术治疗髂动脉硬化闭塞性病变安全、有效,近、中期疗效良好。     

血管腔内介入联合外科手术治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症

目的：探讨下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的治疗手段及临床疗效。方法：采用下肢动脉球囊扩张、支架植入结合动脉旁路术、股深动脉成形及原位大隐静脉动脉化,治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症31例（36条患肢）,行髂动脉支架植入球囊扩张术33条患肢;股总动脉支架植入球囊扩张术3条患肢,23条患肢行股一胭动脉人工血管旁路术,12条患肢行股深动脉成形术,6条行原位的大隐静脉动脉化。结果：手术均获得成功,未出现严重并发症。术后踝肱指数（0．65±0．18）与术前（0．25±0．11）相比较有明显提高（P〈0．05）。平均随访14个月（2～24个月）,与术前相比,患者术后症状明显好转,跛行距离加大（〉1000m）。结论：下肢动脉腔内介入结合动脉旁路术、股深动脉成形术、大隐静脉动脉化等是治疗多节段多平面下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的有效方法。     

经皮腔内血管成形术治疗髂-股动脉狭窄或闭塞

目的探讨经皮腔内血管成形术（PTA）及血管内支架植入术治疗髂-股动脉狭窄或闭塞的应用价值。方法 66例髂-股动脉狭窄或闭塞患者,患肢均有不同程度的缺血症状,均采用PTA和（或）支架植入术进行介入治疗,分别于治疗前、后测定踝/肱指数（ABI）。结果 66例患者成功完成介入治疗,共植入支架73枚,其中髂动脉植入27枚,股浅动脉植入32枚,髂-股动脉植入14枚,无严重并发症发生。术后患者患肢缺血症状明显减轻或消失。ABI由术前0.39±0.12上升至0.72±0.15,术后随访3～24个月（平均15个月）,10例患者因复发而再次接受介入治疗。结论 PTA及血管内支架植入术,因其创伤小、可重复性高、疗效显著等特点已成为治疗髂-股动脉狭窄或闭塞的有效手段。     

多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的外科治疗

目的　探讨下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症外科治疗的临床经验。　方法　术中行髂动脉腔内微创技术 (球囊扩张和支架植入 ) ,并同时行肢体远端动脉重建术治疗广泛多节段动脉硬化闭塞症 47例 ( 5 8条肢体 )。　结果　术中 5 3条髂动脉球囊扩张和支架植入均获成功 ,微创治疗技术成功率 10 0 % ;同时行远端动脉重建 5 8条肢体 ,其中包括 :股 -动脉人工血管旁路术 40条肢体 ;深动脉内膜剥脱或补片扩大成形术 18条肢体。股 -动脉人工血管旁路术后踝肱指数平均 0 .77± 0 .13 ( 0 .5～ 1.2 ) ,与术前相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。股深动脉扩大成形术后踝肱指数 0 .41± 0 .15 ( 0 .2～ 0 .5 6) ,与术前相比有提高 (P <0 .0 5 )。死亡 1例 (占 2 .1% ) ,其余无严重并发症。平均随访 2 1( 3～ 42 )个月 ,髂动脉支架一期通畅率为 98.1% ( 5 1 5 2 ) ,二期通畅率为 10 0 % ( 5 2 5 2 ) ,股 -动脉人工血管一期通畅率为 87.2 % ( 3 4 3 9) ,二期通畅率为 94.9% ( 3 7 3 9)。截肢率 3 .4% ( 2 5 8)。　结论　术中髂动脉腔内微创介入治疗结合远端动脉重建术是治疗严重多节段动脉硬化闭塞症安全、有效方法     

Endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic pathologies in patients with aortoiliac occlusive disease

Today, with the increasing experience and advances in graft technology, endovascular grafting is applied nearly to all levels of the aorta for the treatment of various aortic pathologies. The major route of the stent graft deployment is from the femoral region through the iliac arteries. Since both aneurysms and arterial occlusive diseases share atherosclerosis as the common ancestor of etiology, some patients may poses both aneurysms and stenosis together. These stenotic changes occurring in the iliac and femoral arteries may complicate the passage of the stent graft system. In this report, we sought to evaluate an alternative novel route of graft system application for endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms.     

小球囊预扩张联合导管溶栓治疗髂股动脉硬化闭塞症伴急性血栓形成

目的 观察以小球囊预扩张联合导管溶栓治疗髂股动脉硬化闭塞症伴急性血栓形成的价值。方法 纳入33例接受小球囊预扩张联合经导管溶栓治疗及血管成形术的单侧髂股动脉硬化闭塞症伴急性血栓形成患者,其中14例病变仅累及髂动脉、8例仅累及股动脉、11例同时累及髂股动脉;记录治疗情况及随访资料,包括临床症状、下肢动脉彩超及CT血管造影。结果 33例均治疗成功,经导管溶栓时间为3(2,4)天,25例血栓完全溶解、8例血栓部分溶解;溶栓后22例接受单纯球囊扩张、11例接受球囊扩张+支架植入术;治疗后复查数字减影血管造影示33例靶血管及膝下流出道血流均通畅。共随访(19.5±8.2)个月,期间7例出现下肢动脉再闭塞,经二次球囊扩张及植入支架后恢复通畅;无截肢及死亡病例。结论 小球囊预扩张联合经导管溶栓治疗髂股动脉硬化闭塞症伴急性血栓形成具有较高价值。     

Transluminal angioplasty of the iliac and femoropopliteal arteries. Current status

Transluminal angioplasty for the management of atherosclerosis obliterans has been performed in 160 patients for 100 iliac and 98 femoropopliteal lesions. The procedure was performed percutaneously except in eight patients in whom operative exposure was required. Angioplasty was technically successful in all 100 iliac artery lesions. There was hemodynamic and clinical improvement in 92 lesions. The procedure was technically successful in 84 of the 98 femoropopliteal artery lesions with hemodynamic improvement in 74 and clinical improvement in 78. There were ten complications directly related to the angioplasty and six related to the arteriographic procedure. Cumulative patency rates for the angioplasties were 92% and 75% at three years for iliac and femoropopliteal lesions, respectively. These promising results suggest that transluminal angioplasty has a definite role in the management of atherosclerosis obliterans of iliac and femoropopliteal arteries.     

Die Behandlung infrarenaler Aortenstenosen mittels transluminaler Angioplastie und Stent

Seven patients, aged 61–85 years with symptomatic infrarenal aortic stenosis caused by arteriosclerosis, were treated with transluminal angioplasty and primary implantation of a Palmaz stent, between 1 April 1996 and 30 June 1998. In one case, a thrombendarteriectomy of the external iliac artery with profundaplsty, in another, angioplasty with stent implantation of the common iliac artery was performed simultaneously. The procedures were technically and clinically successful in all cases. During a mean observation period of 23 months (minimum 7 months, maximum 33 months) no obstruction or clinical restenosis occurred. Transluminal angioplasty with stent implantation in segmentary abdominal aortic stenosis represents a less invasive and safe technique with good long-term results.     

Carotid artery stenting using the transbrachial approach: technical case report

We described a case of endoluminal stent placement for cervical internal carotid artery stenosis in which access was obtained via the proximal portion of the right radial artery. A 70-year-old man with a history of arteriosclerosis obliterans presented for endoluminal revascularization of a stenosed left internal carotid artery. The transfemoral approach was not possible because of severe atherosclerosis of the bilateral common iliac arteries. An approach was attempted via the right radial artery. After placement of a 6F short sheath in the proximal portion of the right radial artery, the guiding catheter was positioned in the left common carotid artery using the coaxial catheter system. Stenting was successfully performed under distal protection. This novel approach should be considered for endovascular procedures for which access to the carotid artery is limited.     

Percutaneous Interventions for Treatment of Iliac Artery Stenoses and Occlusions

Balloon angioplasty is still the main workhorse for percutaneous interventions in the iliac arteries. It is simple to perform, cost-effective, and remarkably safe. If an adequate hemodynamic result has been achieved, patency is acceptable. To monitor the quality of success, intraarterial pressure monitoring is an important tool. Balloon angioplasty may be followed by stent insertion in case of insufficient luminal gain after inadequate balloon angioplasty or occurrence of significant dissection. Percutaneous treatment of chronic iliac occlusions is technically challenging. For chronic occlusions (duration exceeding 3 months), balloon angioplasty alone, thrombolysis with subsequent balloon angioplasty, and elective stenting or mechanical passage of the occlusion followed by primary stent implantation have been described as alternative techniques. In case of in-stent stenosis, directional atherectomy or balloon dilatation is recommended. Stent grafts allow percutaneous exclusion of isolated iliac aneurysms, iatrogenic perforation, rupture, and arteriovenous fistulas, but these cases are rare. Some authors increasingly favor the use of endoluminal graft systems for treating atherosclerotic disease in iliac arteries, but insufficient data are available to prove the benefit of stent grafts in patients with atherosclerotic disease.     

动脉自膨式支架置入治疗下肢缺血

目的探讨下肢各个部位动脉腔内自膨式支架置入治疗下肢缺血的疗效。方法对2002年1月-2006年3月支架治疗65例71条患肢的临床资料进行临床回顾性研究，其中52．3％（38／71）肢体为糖尿病下肢动脉硬化，47、7％（33／71）肢体为非糖尿病下肢动脉硬化。支架部位包括腹主动脉支架2例2条患肢2枚支架，腹主动脉及髂动脉闭塞行腹主动脉和单侧髂动脉支架置入1例3枚支架，髂动脉支架33例35条患肢38枚支架，髂动脉和股浅动脉同时支架置入6例6条息肢12枚支架，股浅动脉支架置入16例19条肢体23枚支架，股浅动脉和近端胭动脉病变同时支架置入5例6条患肢10枚支架，远端胭动脉支架2例2条患肢。结果65例随访2—50个月，平均16．1月，2例腹主动脉支架、1例腹主动脉与髂动脉支架同时置入全部通畅；髂动脉支架闭塞4例4条患肢，通畅率88．6％（31／35）；股浅动脉支架闭塞4例4条患肢，通畅率为78．9％（15／19）；股浅动脉与近端胭动脉支架闭塞1例，通畅率83．3％（5／6）；远端胭动脉支架2例全部闭塞；3例小腿动脉流出道主干动脉全部闭塞的支架术后平均5．6月仍然保持通畅。结论下肢动脉腔内支架置入可作为治疗主髂动脉病变的首选方法；对于股动脉和近段胭动脉病变也可根据情况适当选用，尤其是年老体弱，无法耐受动脉旁路移植手术的患者，也可以作为首选方法；对于膝下小动脉病变应慎重使用支架。     

股腘动脉支架断裂的研究进展

血管腔内治疗已成为下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症的一线治疗。随着腔内技术进步和支架材料改进,股腘动脉段严重狭窄和闭塞病变植入支架治疗也已取得较满意疗效,研究表明支架断裂可导致支架内再狭窄,并显著影响支架通畅率。本文就目前股腘动脉段支架断裂的现状和处理策略作一综述。     

Ultrasonic evaluation of regional hemodynamics in arteriosclerosis obliterans of the iliac and femoral arteries

Regional hemodynamics was studied in 120 patients with atherosclerosis obliterans of the iliac and femoral arteries by ultrasonic Dopplerometry. Regional malleolar systolic pressure, malleolar-upper arm index, and regional systolic perfusion pressure deficit (RSPPD) were determined by an elaborated method. The authors analyse the values of regional hemodynamics according to the severity of the trophic disorders and type of the occlusive lesion of the iliac and femoral arteries. It was established that, being an integral characteristic, RSPPD allows the degree of limb ischemia to be characterized quantitatively most informatively with consideration for the condition of the central hemodynamics.