脾切除贲门周围血管离断术对肝硬化门静脉高压症患者肝脏血流动力学及肝功能的影响

目的探讨脾切除贲门周围血管离断术对肝硬化门静脉高压症患者的肝脏血流动力学及肝功能的影响。方法我院2012年1月至2014年12月期间采用多普勒超声对42例肝硬化门静脉高压症患者行贲门周围血管离断术前1 d和术后第7 d时肝动脉和门静脉的内径、峰速、谷速、均速和流量进行检测,采用一次性压力传感器读取开腹后、脾动脉结扎后、切脾后及断流后的自由门静脉压,与另选取的同期在我院体检的健康人24例作为对照。结果①肝硬化门静脉高压症患者的自由门静脉压由开腹后的(29.12±1.40)mm Hg降至脾动脉结扎后的(22.71±1.21)mm Hg(P0.01);切脾后进一步降至(21.32±1.12)mm Hg,明显低于脾动脉结扎后(P0.01);而断流后却升高至(22.42±1.15)mm Hg,明显高于切脾后(P0.01)。②与正常人比较,肝硬化门静脉高压症患者在术前1 d时的门静脉内径、峰速、谷速、均速及流量均明显增大(均P0.01),而肝动脉内径、峰速、谷速及流量均明显减小(P均0.01);在术后第7 d时,门静脉内径明显减小(P0.01),峰速、均速和谷速均明显增大(均P0.01),肝动脉内径也明显减小(P0.01),峰速、谷速、均速及流量均明显增大(均P0.01)。对于肝硬化门静脉高压症患者,术后第7 d时较术前1 d时门静脉内径及流量均明显减小(均P0.01),而肝动脉内径、峰速、谷速、均速及流量均明显增大(均P0.01)。③肝硬化门静脉高压症患者手术前后的肝功能Child-Pugh分级比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.050,P0.05)。④42例肝硬化门静脉高压症患者无手术死亡及无肝性脑病发生,术后第7 d时复查未见脾静脉或门静脉血栓。结论脾切除贲门周围血管离断术,可以降低门静脉压力,减少门静脉血流,且可以增加肝动脉血流,对肝功能影响不大。     

手助腹腔镜脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症

目的 探讨改良手助腹腔镜下脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的临床应用价值.方法 2009年3月至2011年12月共对47例肝硬化门静脉高压症患者行改良手助腹腔镜下脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术,先在手助腹腔镜下完成脾切除术,再改为完全腹腔镜下行贲门周围血管离断术.结果 全组患者均完成改良手助腹腔镜下脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术,无中转开腹,平均手术时间( 154±32) min,术中平均出血量(115±73)ml,术后平均住院时间(9.2±1.6)d.围手术期并发症包括胸腔积液3例,腹水4例,胰漏1例,伤口裂开1例.无围手术死亡.结论 改良手助腹腔镜下脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术安全性好,操作方便,术中出血少.     

门静脉高压症断流术中脾动脉结扎和脾切除的临床疗效比较

目的 探讨腹腔镜脾动脉结扎联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症的可行性与有效性.方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2019年12月河北医科大学第二医院手术治疗的80例肝硬化门静脉高压症患者的临床资料,其中50例行腹腔镜脾动脉结扎联合贲门周围血管离断术,30例行腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术.结果 与脾切除组相比,脾...     

完全腹腔镜下脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术的临床应用

目的 探讨完全腹腔镜下脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术的适应证和临床应用价值.方法 分析对40例肝硬化门静脉高压症脾亢患者采用完全腹腔镜下脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术的临床资料.结果 本组中36例顺利完成完全腹腔镜下脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术,4例中转开腹,平均手术时间(224±54)min,平均术中出血量(296±209)ml,无严重并发症.结论 对门静脉高压脾亢患者选择性地采用完全腹腔镜下脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术是一种可供选择的安全、有效的微创方法.     

腹腔镜下冷循环射频消融联合脾切除术贲门周围血管离断治疗肝癌合并门静脉高压症的研究

目的研究腹腔镜下冷循环射频消融联合脾切除术贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝癌合并门静脉高压的临床疗效。方法原发性肝癌合并门静脉高压症病人80例,根据治疗方法不同分为两组,消融组46例,接受腹腔镜下冷循环射频消融联合脾切除术贲门周围血管离断术;肝切除组34例,接受腹腔镜下肝部分切除联合脾切除术贲门周围血管离断术。收集两组病人手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间,比较两组病人并发症发生率。结果消融组病人的手术时间(251.7±45.1)分钟、术中出血量(223.0±108.0)ml,住院时间(11.5±3.1)天,肝切除组分别为(287.5±61.5)分钟、(276.6±126.0)ml和(13.8±3.7)天,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),消融组疼痛并发症发生率少于肝切除组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜下冷循环射频消融与贲门周围血管离断配合治疗肝癌合并门静脉高压临床疗效良好,病人预后较好。     

选择性贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症的临床分析

目的分析选择性贲门周围血管离断术对门静脉高压症治疗的效果。方法自2002年6月至2005年11月,采用选择性贲门周围血管离断术共治疗门静脉高压症28例,与62例传统的贲门周围血管离断术比较分析。测量患者手术前、切脾后、手术后自由门静脉压力,入院时、手术后2周的门静脉血流量,观察术后肝性脑病、复发出血发生率,腹水、食管胃底静脉曲张改善程度以及成活情况。结果选择性贲门周围血管离断术后患者复发性出血、门静脉高压性胃病发生率明显减低(P<0.05),腹水、食管胃底曲张程度改善(P<0.05),自由门静脉压和门静脉血流量明显下降(P<0.01),不增加肝性脑病发生率(P>0.05)。结论选择性贲门周围血管离断术保留了机体自发性的分流,兼有分流术和断流术的优点,效果良好。     

手助腹腔镜下脾切除及贲门周围血管离断术的应用研究

目的探讨手助下腹腔镜脾切除及贲门周围血管离断术在肝硬化、门脉高压治疗中的应用价值. 方法应用Ligasure及超声刀手助腹腔镜下脾切除10例,贲门周围血管离断术13例. 结果 23例均完成腹腔镜手术,脾切除手术时间(63±15.5)min,术中出血量(32.4±21.2)ml;贲门周围血管离断术手术时间(115.3±25.5)min,术中出血量(52.4±24.2)ml.术后(12.2±3.8)h离床活动. 结论应用Ligasure及超声刀手助腹腔镜下脾切除及贲门周围血管离断术安全性高、出血量小、术后恢复快,可以用于门脉高压、脾功能亢进的手术治疗.     

腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症的可行性、安全性及有效性。方法:回顾分析2016年1月至2018年5月为12例患者行腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术的临床资料。结果:12例均成功完成腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术,手术时间平均(241.5±39.8)min,术中出血量平均(407.5±73.0)mL,术后平均住院(8.6±3.8)d。术后发生腹腔出血1例,经介入治疗后腹腔出血停止;发生腹水5例、胸腔积液3例、肺部感染1例、门静脉血栓形成1例,无围手术期死亡病例。术后随访10～30个月,脾功能亢进均得到纠正,3例钡餐示轻度食管胃底静脉曲张,9例钡餐未见异常,均未再发生上消化道出血。结论:腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症是安全、可行的,效果确切。     

选择性贲门周围血管离断术对治疗门静脉高压症的临床价值评估

目的　探讨选择性贲门周围血管离断术对门静脉高压症治疗的价值。方法　自2002 年1月～2004年3月,我院用选择性贲门周围血管离断术共治疗门静脉高压症47例,以104例经典 的贲门周围血管离断术作为对照组。测量病人手术前、切脾后、手术后自由门静脉压力,入院时、手术 后2周的门静脉血流量,观察术后复发出血、肝性脑病、门静脉高压性胃病发生率,腹水、食管胃底静 脉曲张改善程度以及成活情况。结果　选择性贲门周围血管离断术后病人复发性出血、门静脉高压 性胃病发生率明显减低(P<0.05),腹水、食管胃底曲张程度改善(P<0.05),自由门静脉压和门静脉 血流量明显下降(P<0.01),但不增加肝性脑病发生率(P>0.05)。结论　选择性贲门周围血管离断 术保留了机体自发性的分流,兼有分流术和断流术的优点,是一种较合理的手术方式。     

晚期血吸虫病门静脉高压症的外科治疗体会

目的 探讨脾切除＋贲门周围血管离断术治疗晚期血吸虫病门静脉高压症的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2003年9月至2012年9月采用上述方法治疗晚期血吸虫病门静脉高压症70例患者的临床资料.结果 切脾前门静脉压力为（32.6±3.1） mm Hg,手术后测定门静脉压力为（24.8±2.2） mm Hg,手术后门静脉压力较切脾前显著降低（P＜0.01）.手术后3 d、7 d、14 d血小板计数较切脾前显著升高（P＜0.01）.70例患者手术后均恢复顺利,无手术后严重并发症发生,近期上消化道出血1例,远期上消化道出血5例,经保守治疗后好转,全组围手术期无死亡病例.结论 脾切除＋贲门周围血管离断术是治疗晚期血吸虫病门静脉高压症的合理手术方式,创伤相对较小,对肝功能影响小,手术死亡率低,近、远期止血效果可靠,易于在基层医院推广及普及.     

Effect of dopamine infusion on hemodynamics after hepatic denervation

BACKGROUND:. The effects of dopamine (DA) on systemic hemodynamics are better understood than its effects on hepatic hemodynamics, especially after liver denervation occurring during liver transplantation. Therefore, a porcine model was used to study DA's effects on hemodynamics after hepatic denervation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen pigs underwent laparotomy for catheter and flow probe placement. The experimental group (n = 7) also underwent hepatic denervation. After 1 week, all pigs underwent DA infusion at increasing doses (3-30 mcg/kg/min) while measuring hepatic parameters [portal vein flow (PVF), hepatic artery flow (HAF), total hepatic blood flow (THBF = HAF + PVF), portal and hepatic vein pressures] and systemic parameters [heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP)]. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in HAF from baseline to the 30 mcg/kg/min DA infusion rate (within-subjects P < 0.01), but the differences between the two groups were not significant. PVF and THBF showed large effects (increases) with denervation, but the increase in flow with DA infusion was not present after denervation. Perihepatic pressures were unchanged by denervation or DA. Heart rate differed significantly between the control and denervated animals at baseline, 3, 6, 12 (all P < 0.05), and 30 mcg/kg/min DA (P = 0.10). Control vs denervation MAP at baseline was 100 +/- 4 vs 98 +/- 4 Torr and at 30 mcg/kg/min it was 110 +/- 3 vs 101 +/- 5 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic flows tended to be higher after denervation. HAF showed similar increases with DA in both control and denervation groups. Increases in PVF and THBF with DA infusion were not present after denervation. HR was significantly decreased and MAP tended to be lower after denervation. The HR and MAP response to DA was similar in both groups. Therefore, both denervation and DA infusion have an effect on systemic and hepatic hemodynamics.     

结扎速在腹腔镜下脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术中应用

目的探索结扎速血管闭合系统（LigaSure）在腹腔镜下脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术中的应用价值。方法肝硬化门静脉高压症患者15例,使用结扎速在腹腔镜下行脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术,观察手术中和术后的情况进行分析。结果全组无中转开腹手术病例,平均手术时间172（125—245）min,平均术中出血量为300（100—600）ml,术后24h平均引流量为281（90～410）ml,平均术后住院天数为10．8（5～15）d,1例并发肺部感染,无其他并发症。结论使用结扎速在腹腔镜下行脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术,具有安全、简便、经济等优点。     

Intraoperative hemodynamic investigations during portacaval shunt

We studied the hemodynamics of hepatic blood flow before and after creation of portacaval shunts in 28 patients. Electromagnetic flow recordings were used to measure hepatic arterial flow (HAF) and portal venous flow (PVF) with respect to total hepatic blood flow (THBF). No correlation between PVF and portal pressure was found, but PVF was directly related to liver function. The concept that patients with low PVF tolerate shunts better (with respect to postoperative course and encephalopathy) than those with high PVF was not supported. Our investigations suggest the existence of a compensatory mechanism that tends to maintain THBF by increasing HAF following creation of a shunt. This compensatory increase occurs only in those patients with good liver function and normal or enlarged livers.     

Intraoperative flow measurement of native liver and allograft during orthotopic liver transplantation in children

Hepatic hemodynamic changes during liver transplantation (OLT) in children have not yet been studied. We measured intraoperative portal vein flow (PVF) and hepatic arterial flow (HAF) (mL/min) in 53 children and 58 grafts during OLT. Flows were measured in the native organ and in the allograft. In the native liver, PVF and HAF are similar; after transplantation they return to the physiological situation. No flow differences were seen between whole and partial grafts. Among the 8 (14%) portal vein thromboses, PVF was lower in both the native liver and the graft than in the no thrombosis group (P < .05). PVF <5 mL/min/kg was a risk factor to develop PV thrombosis. No graft loss occurred in 3 cases without PVF at the time of OLTs despite the observation that repermeabilization was not possible. In 4 patients with PVF <5 mL/min/kg, after tying a spontaneous spleno-renal shunt (n = 3) or performing a porto-renal vein anastomosis (n = 1), PVF reached >20 mL/min/kg, avoiding thrombosis. In conclusion, PVF and HAF measurements during pediatric OLT may predict patients at high risk for development of PV thrombosis.     

不同门奇断流术式对门静脉高压症犬血流动力学的影响

目的 观察不同门奇断流术式对肝硬化门静脉高压症犬血流动力学的影响.方法 将肝硬化门静脉高压症模型犬32只,随机分为A(传统断流)组、B(选择性断流)组、C(吻合器断流)组及D(对照)组.于术前1周、术后1、6月测定各组犬的门静脉直径(PVD)、门静脉流速(PVV)和门静脉血流量(PVF),于术中、术后1、6月测定各组犬的自由门静脉压力(FPP).结果 术后1月A、B、C组的PVD、PW、PVF均较术前明显降低(P<0.05),其中A组各项指标(0.54±0.03)cm、(11.45±1.27)cm/min、(160.82±30.85)ml/min显著高于B(0.45±0.01)cm、(8.71±0.48)cm/min、(83.37±9.39)ml/min及C组(0.49±0.02)cm、9.85±0.39)cm/min、(111.21±12.68)ml/min(P<0.05),C组显著高于B组(P<0.05).各组术后6月各指标与术后1月比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).D组手术前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).A、B、C组手术后FPP均明显下降(P<0.05),其中A组(2.05±0.07)kPa显著高于B组(1.28±0.05)kPa、C组(1.41±0.04)kPa,C组显著高于B组(P<0.05).术后1、6个月,A、B、C组FPP与手术后比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).D组手术前、手术后、术后1、6个月比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 肝硬化门静脉高压症犬在行传统断流术、选择性断流术和吻合器断流术术后6个月内PVD、PVV、PVF和FPP均显著下降,其中传统断流术影响最小,选择性贲门周围血管离断术最大.     

Prospective Evaluation of Intraoperative Hemodynamics in Liver Transplantation with Whole,Partial and DCD Grafts

The interaction of systemic hemodynamics with hepatic flows at the time of liver transplantation (LT) has not been studied in a prospective uniform way for different types of grafts. We prospectively evaluated intraoperative hemodynamics of 103 whole and partial LT. Liver graft hemodynamics were measured using the ultrasound transit time method to obtain portal (PVF) and arterial (HAF) hepatic flow. Measurements were recorded on the native liver, the portocaval shunt, following reperfusion and after biliary anastomosis. After LT HAF and PVF do not immediately return to normal values. Increased PVF was observed after graft implantation. Living donor LT showed the highest compliance to portal hyperperfusion. The amount of liver perfusion seemed to be related to the quality of the graft. A positive correlation for HAF, PVF and total hepatic blood flow with cardiac output was found (p = 0.001). Portal hypertension, macrosteatosis >30%, warm ischemia time and cardiac output, independently influence the hepatic flows. These results highlight the role of systemic hemodynamic management in LT to optimize hepatic perfusion, particularly in LDLT and split LT, where the highest flows were registered.     

Direct measurement of hepatic blood flow during living donor liver transplantation in children

Background

The changes in liver blood flow associated with living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in children have not yet been studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in hepatic hemodynamics before and after pediatric partial liver transplantation.

Methods

In 7 pediatric recipients with congenital cholestasis and native liver Child-Pugh classes B and C, portal vein flow (PVF) and hepatic arterial flow (HAF) were measured using an ultrasonic transit time flow meter before removal of the native liver and after transplantation and compared with donor left PVF and donor left HAF.

Results

The mean portal contribution to total hepatic blood flow was markedly decreased in the recipient native liver compared with that in the donor (69% ± 15% vs 32% ± 15%; P = .0003) and after reperfusion changed to almost the same ratio as that in the donor liver (73% ± 18%; P < .0001).

Conclusion

The extreme imbalance between PVF and HAF that is common in implanted partial liver in adult LDLT recipients was not observed in pediatric LDLT. After transplantation of an appropriately sized liver graft, the portal contribution to total liver blood flow normalized to the value for normal liver.     

术前门静脉血流速度在门静脉高压症断流术后血栓形成中的预测价值

目的 评价术前门静脉血流速度对乙型肝炎肝硬化门静脉高压症断流术后门静脉血栓形成(PVT)中的预测价值.方法 对2007年1月至2008年7月在四川大学华西医院同一外科小组行脾切除和断流术的连续45例乙型肝炎后肝硬化门静脉高压症患者,运用彩色多普勒超声测量术前1 d门静脉直径、流速以及术后7 d有无门静脉系统血栓形成.同时计算患者术前Child-Pugh评分.术后测量去脾脏血液后的脾脏重量,检测术前1 d、术后7 d凝血酶原时间(PT)和血小板计数(PLT).并将患者分为血栓组与非血栓组、高速组与低速组,分别对上述指标进行统计学对比分析.结果 术后发生门静脉系统血栓13例(28.9%),血栓组(n=13)术前门静脉流速为(19.5±5.3)cm/s,其中12例低于25 cm/s[平均(18.4±3.8)cm/s],1例为32.3 cm/s;非血栓组(n=32)术前门静脉流速为(29.6±8.0)cm/s,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).低速组(n=17)和高速组(n=28)血栓发生率分别为70.6%和3.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).分别比较两种分组的患者术前Child-Pugh评分、脾脏重量、手术前后PT和PLT,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).25 cm/s作为指标预测术后血栓形成的敏感性为92.3%,特异性为70.6%.结论 术前门静脉直径增加及血流速度降低是导致术后门静脉系统发生血栓的主要危险因素,尤其当门静脉流速降低(<25 cm/s)时,断流术后血栓发生率将显著增高.门静脉直径与血流速度存在负相关系,可根据门静脉流速预测门静脉高压症断流术后的血栓的形成.     

Left lobe adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation: Should portal inflow modulation be added?

Recently, the successful application of portal inflow modulation has led to renewed interest in the use of left lobe grafts in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). However, data on the hepatic hemodynamics supporting portal inflow modulation are limited, and the optimal portal circulation for a liver graft is still unclear. We analyzed 42 consecutive adult-to-adult left lobe LDLT cases without splenectomy or a portocaval shunt. The mean actual graft volume (GV)/recipient standard liver volume (SLV) ratio was 39.8% ± 5.7% (median = 38.9%, range = 26.1%-54.0%). The actual GV/SLV ratio was less than 40% in 24 of the 42 cases, and the actual graft-to-recipient weight ratio was less than 0.8% in 17 of the 42 recipients. The mean portal vein pressure (PVP) was 23.9 ± 7.6 mm Hg (median = 23.5 mm Hg, range = 9-38 mm Hg) before transplantation and 21.5 ± 3.6 mm Hg (median = 22 mm Hg, range = 14-27 mm Hg) after graft implantation. The mean portal pressure gradient (PVP - central venous pressure) was 14.5 ± 6.8 mm Hg (median = 13.5 mm Hg, range = 3-26 mm Hg) before transplantation and 12.4 ± 4.4 mm Hg (median = 13 mm Hg, range = 1-21 mm Hg) after graft implantation. The mean posttransplant portal vein flow was 301 ± 167 mL/minute/100 g of liver in the 38 recipients for whom it was measured. None of the recipients developed small-for-size syndrome, and all were discharged from the hospital despite portal hyperperfusion. The overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year patient and graft survival rates were 100%, 97%, and 91%, respectively. In conclusion, LDLT with a left liver graft without splenectomy or a portocaval shunt yields good long-term results for adult patients with a minimal donor burden.     

术中门静脉压力动态测定在门静脉高压症术式选择中的作用

目的 分析断流手术和脾切除脾肾静脉分流加断流联合手术后自由门静脉压(FPP)与术后再出血以及肝性脑病的关系,探讨术中FPP动态变化对术式选择的意义.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2007年12月接受贲门周围血管离断术和贲门周围血管离断加脾肾静脉分流术(联合组)患者170例的临床资料.断流组患者断流术后FPP值≥22 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)为高压组(60例),<22 mm Hg为低压组(43例),联合组共67例.三组患者术前Child-Push评分和FPP之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).比较三组患者术中不同时间点FPP变化、以及三组患者术后再出血和肝性脑病发生率.结果 高压组、低压组和联合组术后FPP值分别为(27.1±1.9)mm Hg、(20.8±1.8)mm Hg和(21.5±2.2)mm Hg,再出血率分别为%、4.6%和4.5%.再出血率在高压组显著高于低压组和联合组(P<0.05).术后肝性脑病发生率联合组(10.4%)虽然高于低压组(7.0%)和高压组(3.3%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 脾切除断流术后FPP值可以作为选择手术方式的依据,如FPP值≥22mm Hg应加行脾肾静脉分流术.