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目的 调查本科护生器官捐献认知与意愿并分析其影响因素,为制定提升护生捐献意愿策略提供参考。方法 采用方便抽样法及自制问卷对367名在校本科护生进行调查。结果 护生器官捐献知识总分为2(1,3)分,愿意、不确定、不愿意器官捐献的比例为46.0%、33.0%、21.0%;促进护生器官捐献的主要因素是“帮助被疾病折磨的患者,让自己的生命更有价值”(58.3%),阻碍其捐献的主要因素是“担心遗体不被尊重或被他人用于牟利”(32.2%);年级、自我评价和当志愿者宣传的意愿是器官捐献知识得分的独立影响因素,性别、对家人捐献态度及当志愿者宣传意愿是护生捐献意愿的影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 护生的器官捐献知识得分和意愿都有较大的提升空间,应多路径加强器官捐献知识的宣教,完善捐献善后机制,促进捐献意愿的确立,提高捐献率。 相似文献
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近年来,我国的器官捐献与移植已经处于稳定发展的阶段。尽管如此,移植器官来源短缺、器官供需矛盾突出仍是实现世界卫生组织所倡导“实现器官移植自给自足”的瓶颈。世界卫生组织定义的“器官捐献关键路径”中阐述的供者丢失的关键原因包括潜在供者的识别和转介以及器官的维护与修复问题。器官捐献工作的顺利开展及高效率、高质量发展离不开重症医学的支持,并与重症监护室(ICU)医务人员对该项工作的认知、认可及参与程度息息相关。本文就ICU医务人员对器官捐献的认知、态度及意愿的研究现状进行综述,讨论相关影响因素,并尝试就如何改善相关困境给出针对性建议。 相似文献
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目的了解发达国家医学生器官捐献意愿研究的目的、结果、障碍因素和解决对策。 方法以主题词和自由词联合的方式对PubMed、Web of Science、Ovid MEDLINE、Ovid EMBASE(Excerpta Medica)、EBSCOhost Complete和Cochrane Library等已发表文献数据库,以及灰色文献数据库York Centre for Reviews and Dissemination、Open Grey、ProQuest Dissertation and Theses和Mednar进行系统、全面地检索,并采用Arksey和O′Malley提出的范围综述框架进行文献资料整合。 结果共纳入17项发达国家医学生器官捐献意愿研究。研究背景主要为医学生未来对于公众器官捐献有着重要影响。研究结果表明,大多数医学生器官捐献意愿性良好,但不同亚组的研究结果不一;其最主要的障碍因素为医学生器官捐献相关知识的缺乏;解决对策主要为施予系统化、结构化和可评价的教育课程。 结论21世纪以来发达国家医学生器官捐献意愿研究方兴未艾,其研究的多层面、多角度以及揭示的问题、寻求的解决对策,可对我国现阶段医学生器官捐献的研究提供一定参考。 相似文献
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目的调查合肥地区居民公民逝世后器官捐献知识知晓情况及意愿,并分析器官捐献意愿影响因素。
方法选取合肥市4个城区辖区内及2个乡镇的10个社区的居民作为研究对象。以社区卫生服务中心为调查现场,采取随机便利抽样调查法对居民开展问卷调查。问卷调查内容包括人口社会学资料以及器官捐献相关知识及捐献意愿。根据居民"是否愿意捐献器官救治亲朋好友或需要救治的人"条目的调查结果(剔除"不能确定"者)将其分为同意捐献组和不同意捐献组。采用配对t检验比较两组居民年龄。采用χ2检验比较两组居民性别、城乡差异、文化程度、是否了解器官捐献程序、国家相关法律是否完善、家属是否同意、对相关机构是否信任、对捐献途径是否了解及是否受传统观念影响。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
结果最终纳入7 520名居民参与问卷调查,平均年龄(35±10)岁(18~84岁),其中男性3 824名(50.8%);城镇居民4 150名(55.2%);职业以退休人员、农民、工人、自由职业和学生为主,分别为1 570(20.9%)、1 177(15.6%)、1 140(15.2%)、1 089(14.5%)和1 088名(14.5%);文化程度初中及以上有4 262名(56.7%)。79.6%居民听说过器官捐献(5 982/7 520),85.7%居民不知晓器官捐献流程(6 444/7 520),96.9%居民表示身边无人接受过器官捐献(7 287/7 520)。居民获取器官捐献知识以电视和报纸为主,分别占57.3%(4 306/7 520)和23.7%(1 784/7 520)。86.9%居民愿意主动向身边人宣传器官捐献相关知识,愿意签署器官捐献意向书以及捐献器官救治亲朋好友或需要救治的人的居民分别占36.8%(2 766/7 520)和30.7%(2 308/7 520)。年龄、城乡差异、文化程度、器官捐献程序不了解、家属不同意、对相关机构不信任、对捐献途径不了解及传统观念影响等均是影响居民器官捐献意愿的因素(t=6.63, χ2=7.13、6.87、4.61、14.88、4.24、11.81和10.53,P均<0.05)。
结论影响居民器官捐献意愿的因素众多,多途径增加器官捐献知识的宣传,提高居民对公民逝世后器官捐献的认识至关重要。 相似文献
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Background
Organ donation is the major component for transplant programs; however, the rate of organ donation is relatively low in Asia. Therefore, understanding the attitude and knowledge of individuals that affect their willingness to commit as an organ donor is crucial to develop effective educational programs that raise public awareness and commitment toward organ donation. The current study aims to identify the knowledge level, attitude, and commitment toward organ donation among nursing students in a local university.Methods
A questionnaire was developed and distributed to all full-time nursing students of undergraduate and master programs in a university at Hong Kong.Results
A total of 362 students completed the questionnaire, including 87 males and 257 females. The mean age of the students was 22.6 years. A total of 147 students (40.6%) had registered for organ donation. Students on average could correctly answer 23.7 out of 33 questions (71.8%) regarding their knowledge on organ donation and transplantation. With regard to attitude toward organ donation, students obtained a mean score of 70.2. Univariate analysis revealed that year of study, religion, and attitude were significantly associated with commitment toward organ donation. In logistic regression analysis, year of study (odds ratio [OR] for year 2, 1.961, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.006-3.824; OR for year 3, 6.915, 95% CI, 2.835-16.868; and OR for year 4, 4.845, 95% CI, 2.071-11.334) and attitude (OR, 1.087, 95% CI, 1.049-1.126) were significantly associated with commitment toward donation after adjusting the age, gender, and study program.Conclusion
Attitude and year of study were strongly correlated with commitment toward organ donation; therefore, educational or promotional materials should be provided to improve the attitude of students toward organ donation. 相似文献13.
目的调查三级医院专科护理门诊护士执业现状、多点执业的态度和意愿及对多点执业的建议和看法,为护士开展多点执业提供参考。方法采用自行设计的专科护理门诊护士多点执业态度和意愿问卷对苏州市三级医院168名专科护理门诊护士进行调查。结果 45.8%的专科护理门诊护士为市级及以上专科护士,86.3%的护士独立出诊;81.0%的护士对多点执业表示赞成,89.3%的护士表示愿意尝试。在多点执业形式上,60%以上的护士愿意到下级医疗机构或养老机构兼职,每周愿意花4~8 h进行多点执业。90%以上的护士认为多点执业的益处是让患者就近享受更好的护理服务,困难是相关法律法规及执业保障机制不健全。结论三级医院专科护理门诊护士临床护理经验丰富,多点执业态度积极、意愿较高,具有多点执业的优势。护士目前主要担心多点执业安全问题,希望政府及卫生健康行政等部门尽快出台相关政策规范,为护士多点执业提供安全保障。 相似文献
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Knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation among medical students and physicians 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Schaeffner ES Windisch W Freidel K Breitenfeldt K Winkelmayer WC 《Transplantation》2004,77(11):1714-1718
BACKGROUND: There is a discrepancy between demand and supply of donor organs for kidney transplantation. Health care providers can influence the willingness to donate or hold an organ donor card. It is unclear how educated current and future health care professionals are about organ donation and what constitutes their attitude toward this topic. METHODS: The authors conducted a cross-sectional survey among 1136 medical students and physicians to evaluate the knowledge about and attitude toward organ donation and transplantation at a large academic medical center in Germany. The authors used a 28-item questionnaire that included items on knowledge, attitude, and demographics. RESULTS: Only 8% of the respondents felt sufficiently prepared for approaching relatives of potential organ donors. Knowledge about and attitude toward organ donation were highly associated with increasing level of medical education. In multivariate analyses, knowledge (odds ratio [OR], 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.25), attitude (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02-1.04), and level of education (OR for preclinical students, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.20-0.76 compared with physicians) were significantly associated with the likelihood of holding an organ donor card, whereas age, gender, and personal experience with renal replacement therapy were not. CONCLUSIONS: Higher medical education is associated with greater knowledge about and a more positive attitude toward organ donation. Health care professionals with a higher education level are more likely to hold an organ donor card and also feel more comfortable in approaching relatives of potential organ donors. Educating health care professionals about the organ donation process appears to be an important factor in maximizing the benefits from the limited organ donor pool. 相似文献
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Currently the demand for transplant organs, particularly kidneys, far outstrips the supply in the UK. This problem is particularly severe for the Asian population, which has been shown to have a disproportionately large representation on kidney-transplant waiting lists in some regions of the UK. The situation is clear: there is an urgent need to address the number of Asians requiring a kidney transplant, otherwise the human and economic costs will be very high. An exploratory qualitative study was therefore undertaken with the aim of assessing current awareness of organ donation and transplantation and to explore attitudes towards these issues in a cross section of the Asian population in Luton. It was found that nearly half of the respondents in this survey did not know what a donor card was used for, and approximately half of these had never seen one; only 6 of the 64 people interviewed had heard of the National Donor Register. Of the three people who carried a donor card, two had an immediate family member who had received a transplant. This suggests that media campaigns aimed at attracting donors from the Asian population have had limited success thus far. It appears that the vast majority of the Asian population is at the initial stage of the process of making a decision about donating their organs, that of simply knowing that transplantation takes place. Very little debate of pertinent issues seems to have taken place, which is essential for reaching a decision on whether or not to donate an organ. The study should be seen as exploratory but is nonetheless an important initial step towards the establishment of a greater knowledge and understanding of the issues affecting the low donation rate in the Asian population. 相似文献