Comparative study of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical analyses

An important disease entity distinct from cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) in Japan is adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), which usually shows the same phenotype as CTCL, i.e., a helper/inducer T-cell phenotype (CD4+CD8-), and usually involves the skin. Clinically, both CTCL and ATL are heterogeneous in nature. In this study, we demonstrated differences between CTCL and ATL in terms of clinical and immunopathologic cell surface features. In patients with ATL, the predominant clinical findings were peripheral lymph node involvement, skin lesions, hepatosplenomegaly, leukemic manifestations, and an aggressive course. In patients with CTCL, by contrast, only skin lesions predominated at the onset of the disease and a relatively good prognosis was demonstrated. Phenotypic heterogeneity of ATL in the skin, i.e., CD4-CD8-, CD4+CD8-, and CD4-CD8+, was demonstrated. Expression of Leu8, CD7 (Leu9), and CD45RA (2H4) was high in both the skin-infiltrating ATL cells and peripheral blood and lymph node ATL cells compared with that in the skin-infiltrating CTCL cells. Expression of CD25 (IL-2R), CD71 (OKT9), HLA-DR, and HLA-DQ was higher in the skin-infiltrating ATL cells than in CTCL cells. Expression of CD29 (4B4) was high, and that of CD45RA (2H4) was low in both the skin-infiltrating ATL and CTCL cells compared with the peripheral blood and lymph node ATL cells. Expression of CD45RO (UCHL-1) was not significantly high in the skin-infiltrating CTCL cells compared with that in ATL cells. The most significant phenotypic difference between ATL cells and CTCL cells was the expression of Leu8 (lymph node homing receptor), CD7 and CD25 antigens on the cell surface, and the main phenotypic difference between skin-infiltrating ATL and CTCL cells and peripheral blood and lymph node ATL cells was the expression of CD29 and CD45RA. These findings confirm that the difference in antigen expression on the cell surface might reflect the clinical features of ATL and CTCL, and suggest that the predominant phenotype of peripheral blood and lymph node ATL cells is that of naive, relatively immature or activated T-cells, and that CTCL cells are previously activated (memory) T-cells. In other words, CTCL cells do not share the same origin as ATL cells. These observations support the concept that ATL is a disease distinct from CTCL.     

Clinical studies on cancer of the tongue

Thirty-nine previously untreated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue were treated by irradiation or a combination of irradiation and surgery, with or without chemotherapy, between January 1971 and December 1980. All of the patients had a follow-up period of at least nine years. Twenty-two patients were men and 17 were women. The average age was 50.1 years, with a range of 30 to 74 years. The absolute five-year survival rate was 82.1% and the cumulative ten-year survival rate 76.9% for these 39 patients. Cervical node metastases were clinically found on admission in 14 patients whose five-year survival rate was 64.3%, whereas it was 92.0% for 25 patients without metastasis. The absolute five-year survival rate decreased from 92.3% for patients with stage I lesions to 90.9%, 87.5% and 42.9% for those with stage II, stage III and stage IV lesions, respectively. Most of the patients received external irradiation and intraoral electron beam therapy. External irradiation was administered to the upper neck in all but one of 25 patients with TxN0 lesions. Subsequently partial glossectomy was performed in 12 of the 25 patients. Hemiglossectomy and hemimandibulectomy were used for 5 of 16 patients with TxN1-3 lesions. No patients with TxN0 lesions developed neck lymph node metastasis. Twenty-nine of the 39 patients had no tumor recurrence either locally or regionally for five years and 27 for nine years. None of the patients had major post-irradiation complications.     

Lymphadenectomy and adjuvant therapy in endometrial carcinoma: role of adjuvant chemotherapy

To evaluate the therapeutic benefit of lymphadenectomy and adjuvant therapy, in particular chemotherapy, we retrospectively analysed survival rates and patterns of recurrence of endometrioid adenocarcinoma in 106 patients who underwent surgery including retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 46 patients (42 received a platinum-based regimen) and pelvic irradiation to 12. The 5-year survival rate of 23 patients with lymph node metastasis was worse than that of patients without lymph node metastasis (60% vs 96%, P<0.0001). Recurrence was observed in 14 patients (10 patients with chemotherapy, two with irradiation, and two without adjuvant therapy); the first site of recurrence was in distant sites in 12 patients; recurrence in the pelvic sidewall or exclusively in lymph nodes was not observed. The 5-year survival rate of 18 patients with lymph node metastasis treated with chemotherapy, was 61% including all 14 with macroscopically positive nodes and all nine with paraaortic metastasis. Of seven patients with bulky positives nodes, three patients with bulky paraaortic nodes died of the disease, three of the four patients with bulky pelvic but without bulky paraaortic nodes had no recurrence. In summary, lymphadenectomy may afford a survival benefit via the debulking of macroscopically positive nodes, and the predominance of distant recurrences suggests that chemotherapy is a suitable choice as an adjuvant therapy in endometrial carcinoma after lymphadenectomy.     

32例妇科恶性肿瘤术后调强适形放射治疗分析

目的 探讨调强适形放射治疗（IMRT）在妇科恶性肿瘤患者术后治疗中的效果及价值。方法 32例子宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌术后患者（KPS≥70）在放疗前均行1～3个周期的化疗,而后给予全程IMRT。其中17例为术后、化疗后预防性照射,15例为术后、放疗和（或）化疗后腹膜后淋巴结转移和（或）盆腔壁复发的放疗。结果 32例患者均完成全程放射治疗,预防性照射的计划靶区（PTV）中位剂量为56．8Gy;腹膜后淋巴结转移、盆壁复发的胛V中位剂量为60．6Gy,90％的等剂量曲线可以覆盖99％以上的肉眼肿瘤靶区（GTV）体积。小肠、膀胱、直肠、肾脏和脊髓的中位剂量分别为21．3Gy、37．8Gy、35．3Gy、8．5Gy和22．1Gy。14例患者出现Ⅰ～Ⅱ级消化道反应,其中Ⅱ级反应者3例,I级反应者11例;5例出现Ⅰ～Ⅱ度骨髓抑制;12例出现Ⅰ级皮肤反应。1年生存率为100％。预防性照射的2、3年生存率均为100％;腹膜后淋巴结转移和（或）盆腔壁复发患者的2、3年生存分别为5／7和3／6。结论 IMRT对妇科恶性肿瘤术后患者的预防性照射和复发患者的放疗均可获得理想的剂量分布,邻近危险器官得到保护,临床近期疗效满意。     

Combined modality therapy for tumor stage mycosis fungoides: results of a 10-year follow-up

Twenty-one patients with tumor stage mycosis fungoides (MF) with or without lymph node (LN) involvement, were treated with total skin electron beam irradiation (TSEB) followed by six monthly cycles of systemic chemotherapy (CT) of either mechlorethamine (HN2) or cyclophosphamide (CTX) with vincristine (VCR), procarbazine, and prednisone (PRD) (COPP or MOPP). All patients had complete clearing of the skin after TSEB. However, while receiving chemotherapy, two patients developed visceral involvement and eight patients relapsed with limited cutaneous plaques (LCP). The median duration of remission was 12 months from the completion of TSEB, and all patients relapsed with cutaneous plaques within 25 months. Complete remission was again achieved using additional electron irradiation and maintenance therapy in all but one patient. Multiple cutaneous recurrences occurred in all patients. Median survival from the initiation of TSEB is 6 years. Five patients are living beyond 8 years (four off treatment without disease for 1 to 7 years). LN involvement did not influence initial response or survival. Combined modality therapy for tumor stage MF using TSEB followed by systemic CT and subsequent maintenance therapy may lead eventually to prolonged disease-free survival (DFS) in selected patients.     

Cutaneous angiosarcoma of the head and neck

Between 1920 and 1970, 13 patients (7 men and 6 women) with cutaneous angiosarcomas of the head or neck were treated at the Mayo Clinic; the mean age of the patients was 66 years. Three clinical patterns were noted: a superficial spreading type, a nodular type, and an ulcerating type. There were no predisposing benign lesions; however, in one patient, angiosarcoma developed in an area of previously irradiated skin. Three modes of therapy were used: surgery alone, radiation alone, and surgery with postoperative irradiation. Of the 13 patients, 2 survived more than 5 years and 2 were alive within 1 year of therapy. Because cervical lymph node spread is common, lymph node clearance is recommended for patients with lateralized lesion or with palpable lymphadenopathy at presentation.     

原发灶不明的颈部淋巴结转移癌的治疗

目的：分析原发灶不明和颈部淋巴结转移癌治疗失败的原因，探讨治疗方法和技术。方法：共收集122例初治治疗的病例，单纯放射治疗（R）62例，单纯手术治疗（S）23例，单纯化疗（C）5例，手术加放射治疗（S＋R）20例，放射治疗加手术（R＋S）12例。手术治疗局部淋巴结切除术 18例，单侧颈淋巴结清扫术34例，双侧颈巴结清扫术3例。放射治疗94例中，全咽部和全颈部照射65例，全颈部照射9例，部分颈部照射20例。结果：全组5年总生存率和无瘤生存率分别为71．9％和36．5％，颈部转移癌未控和复发占45．9％，远地转移率为26．2％，原发灶发现占8．2％。影响颈部治疗失败的主要原因是N分期、综合治疗、全颈照射和肿瘤的放射敏感性。影响远地转移的主要原因是N分期、颈部淋巴结转移部位和原发灶出现。影响原发灶治疗失败的主要原因是颈淋巴结转移部位。结论：早期鳞癌或低分化部、未分化癌局部手术切除或活检术后直接进行放射治疗，晚期颈转移以放射治疗和手术综合治疗为主，可同时加化疗，而腺癌治疗以手术为主。对上中颈部低分化和未分化癌应采用全咽部和全颈部照射，除锁骨上淋巴结转移癌以外，原发灶不明的颈部淋巴结转移癌照射野至少应该包括全颈部。     

足底部恶性黑色素瘤的临床特征与治疗

目的探讨足底皮肤恶性黑色素瘤的临床特征及治疗效果。方法回顾性分析我院1998-2010年共收治的61例足底皮肤恶性黑色素瘤患者临床资料,主要采用手术、全身化疗及免疫治疗。根据分期不同,所有患者分别采用截趾术、病变切除+植皮术、病变切除+皮瓣转位,其中32例行同侧腹股沟淋巴结清扫术。用Kaplan-Meier法统计生存率,肿瘤溃疡、厚度、淋巴结转移等预后因素用Kaplan-Meier和Log-rank 方法进行分析。结果53例足底皮肤恶性黑色素瘤患者获得随访,其中8例2年后失访。随访时间为1~10年,平均4.5年。1年生存率为77.0%(47/61),3年生存率为58.5%(31/53),5年生存率为26.4%(14/53)。术后功能恢复,没有复发。27例患者死于远处转移,12例出现淋巴结转移。结论足底皮肤恶性黑色素瘤转移率高,易远处转移。患者预后与肿瘤溃疡、厚度、淋巴结转移等因素有关。足底皮肤恶性黑色素瘤,治疗应以手术、化疗、免疫等综合方法为主。     

Rôle de l’irradiation ganglionnaire chez les patientes indemnes d’envahissement ganglionnaire après chimiothérapie néoadjuvante pour un cancer du sein : expérience du centre René-Huguenin

PurposeNeoadjuvant chemotherapy generally induces significant changes in the pathological extent of disease. This potential down-staging challenges the standard indications of adjuvant radiation therapy. We assessed the utility of lymph node irradiation in breast cancer patients with pathological N0 status (pN0) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and breast-conserving surgery.Patients and materialsAmong 1054 breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in our institution between 1990 and 2004, 248 patients with clinical N0 or N1-N2 lymph node status at diagnosis had pN0 status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and breast-conserving surgery. Cox regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing locoregional recurrence-free survival, disease-free survival and overall survival.ResultsAll 248 patients received breast irradiation, and 158 patients (63.7%) also received lymph node irradiation. With a median follow-up of 88 months, the 5-year locoregional recurrence-free survival and overall survival rates were respectively 89.4% and 88.7% with lymph node irradiation and 86.2% and 92% without lymph node irradiation (no significant difference). Survival was poorer among patients who did not have a pathological complete primary tumor response (pCR) (hazards ratio [HR] = 3.05; 95% CI, 1.17 to 7.99) and in patients with N1-N2 clinical status at diagnosis ([HR] = 2.24; 95% CI, 1.15 to 4.36). Lymph node irradiation did not significantly affect survival.ConclusionsRelative to combined breast and local lymph node irradiation, isolated breast irradiation does not appear to be associated with a higher risk of locoregional relapse or death among breast cancer patients with pN0 status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These results need to be confirmed in a prospective study.     

The therapeutic implications of splenic involvement in stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease.

In an effort to determine the most appropriate initial therapy for patients with stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease, a comparative analysis was undertaken of 13 pathologically staged IIIA Hodgkin's disease patients whose abdominal disease was localized to the spleen (IIIsA); 17 IIIA patients with spleen and abdominal lymph node involvement (IIIs+n+A) and 44 stage IIA patients. The three groups were treated concurrently with either extended field irradiation alone or limited field irradiation followed by MOPP chemotherapy. Relapse rates after irradiation alone were 17% for the IIIsA patients; 63% for the IIIs+n+A patients and 25% for the stage IIA patients. Following therapy with irradiation and chemotherapy no relapses occurred among the IIIsA and IIIs+n+A patients while 2/16 (13%) stage IIA patients relapsed. After irradiation alone stage IIIs+n+A patients had a significantly shorter remission duration and survival than the stage IIA patients (p = 0.03 and 0.002, respectively) but remission duration and survival were similar for the IIIsA and IIA patients. When therapy was irradiation and chemotherapy no significant differences in remission duration or survival were noted for the three groups. The most common sites of relapse for the IIIs+n+A patients were extralymphatic (60%) while no extralymphatic relapse have occurred among the IIIA patients (p less than 0.02). The only relapse among the IIIsA patients was at an extralymphatic site. These data have shown that patients with IIIsA Hodgkin's disease have a similar prognosis to stage IIIA disease but after therapy with irradiation along stage IIIs+n+A patients have a poorer prognosis. Combined irradiation and chemotherapy should, therefore, be considered for stage IIIs+n+A Hodgkin's disease when abdominal nodal disease cannot be included in the initial radiation port.     

Clinical usefulness of serum ferritin measurements in patients with testicular germ cell tumors

In 50 patients with seminoma and in 50 with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis, serum levels of conventional markers (CEA, AFP, hCG) and ferritin were measured at the time of admission and during management. The conventional markers behaved as reported previously. After orchiectomy, elevated levels of ferritin were found in the presence as well as in the absence of tumor; the extent of these elevations was highly variable. Serial determinations of serum ferritin showed two patterns of variation. First, in patients treated with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, irradiation, and chemotherapy regimens without platinum, decreasing levels of the conventional markers and serum ferritin were associated with response to therapy and increasing levels with relapse of tumor. Second, in patients treated with chemotherapy regimens containing cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, the conventional markers returned to normal values while the ferritin level doubled or tripled and returned to pretreatment or normal values only several weeks after therapy. Thus, it appears that hyperferritinemia was a sensitive index of platinum toxicity. We conclude that the serum ferritin level has no value in staging after orchiectomy but is a useful index of response to therapy during treatment with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, irradiation or chemotherapy without platinum or relapse of tumor. During treatment with platinum, elevated levels might be explained as a possible toxic side effect of this drug.     

Adult T-Cell Leukemia (ATL): Clinical, Pathological and Virological Findings in Two Cases with Unusual Features

We describe two cases of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in young adult males. One patient was born in the Seychelles Islands and came to live in Italy at 15 years of age; five years later, he started to experience several episodes of infestation by Strongyloides stercoralis, and opportunistic infections; at the age of 25, enlarged lymph nodes were first documented, and he died one month later, with a final diagnosis of ATL. The other patient was born in Rumania. At the age of 34 years, he presented with asthenia, liver and lymph node enlargement, lymphocytosis and cutaneous lesions, and a diagnosis of malignant lymphoma was made; despite chemotherapy, he died five months later. Serologic analyses demonstrated the presence of anti-HTLV-I antibodies in both patients, but not anti-HIV-1 antibodies. HTLV-1 nucleotide sequences were detected in the neoplastic cells of both patients.     

Alopecia areata and multifocal bone involvement in a young adult with Hodgkin's disease

A 17-year-old girl presented with a 3 month history of alopecia areata, a generalized scaling skin, enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes and severe back pain. Staging procedures revealed multifocal bone disease and generalized lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease was established by biopsies of the os ileum and a left inguinal lymph node. Complete clinical remission was achieved after 2 OPPA (vincristine, prednisone, procarbazine, and doxorubicin) and 4 COPP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and procarbazine) cycles and treatment completed with involved-field irradiation. After the completion of therapy, skeletal lesions had mostly resolved or become sclerotic and the patient had normal hair regrowth and skin appearance. Conclusively, this case illustrates that alopecia areata may occur as a paraneoplastic phenomenon or an autoimmune process related to the deranged cellular immune system in children and adolescents with Hodgkin's disease.     

Cervical cancer: combined modality therapy

Prospective, randomized studies conducted over the past 10 years have changed the management of patients with advanced cervical cancer. The reviewed studies evaluated the use of surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy in patients with various stages of cervical carcinoma in the absence and presence of high-risk factors for recurrence. A study by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) compared pelvic with pelvic plus prophylactic para-aortic irradiation in patients with stages IB (> 4 cm), IIA, and IIB cervical cancer. The 10-year survival advantage was 11% for patients treated with prophylactic para-aortic irradiation. A follow-up study compared pelvic plus prophylactic para-aortic irradiation and brachytherapy with pelvic irradiation, brachytherapy, and chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-FU in patients with IB-to IVA-stage cervical cancer. Overall and disease-free survivals were significantly improved in patients receiving chemotherapy. In patients with a prevalence of stage IIB and III, the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) demonstrated that treatment with hydroxyurea alone was inferior to cisplatin or cisplatin, 5-FU, and hydroxy-urea in patients treated concurrently with pelvic irradiation and brachytherapy, and the GOG adopted irradiation and weekly cisplatin as standard therapy. Further GOG studies suggest that irradiation and weekly cisplatin chemotherapy without hysterectomy is the optimal treatment for patients with stage IB cervical cancer. High-risk factors for recurrence include tumor size, depth of tumor invasion, lymphovascular space involvement, and lymph node involvement. Prospective, randomized studies conducted by the GOG evaluated the effectiveness of various treatments in patients with high-risk factors. In one study that did not use chemotherapy, the recurrence-free interval was about 10% better for stage IB patients receiving postoperative irradiation after radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy compared with those who received no further therapy. Patients with Stages IB and IIA disease who, following radical hysterectomy and lymph node dissection, are identified as having positive pelvic lymph nodes and positive parametrial involvement, are at higher risk for recurrence and death than the high-risk group described above. An intergroup study conducted by the GOG, RTOG, and Southwest Oncology Group compared postoperative pelvic irradiation alone with postoperative pelvic irradiation plus concurrent chemotherapy in this group of patients. Overall and progression-free survivals were superior for patients receiving chemotherapy, and their greatest survival occurred in patients who received 3 or 4 chemotherapy cycles compared with 1 or 2 cycles or no chemotherapy. These findings are summarized with respect to their implications fortreatment of patients with advanced cervical cancer.     

Relevance of certain factors in the effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease

The relevance of certain factors in therapy of Hodgkin's disease was evaluated in patients with stage III A (232) and III B (97). Among them were age above 45 years, an increase of more than 50% in blood-serum alkaline phosphatase, presence of at least five lesions, lymph node clusters of 5 cm in diameter and more, and male sex, when two introductory courses of combination chemotherapy were used in stage III A or 2-4 courses (stage III B), followed by total or subtotal irradiation of lymph nodes. The prognostic relevance of either factor was further demonstrated by its increased significance when their different combinations were used.     

Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy as an induction therapy in multidisciplinary treatment for locally advanced breast cancer. A long-term follow-up study

A multidisciplinary treatment including intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy as an induction therapy was administered to 55 patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Intra-arterial chemotherapy conducted preoperatively produced marked responses in primary and lymph node lesions with 78% complete + partial response (CR + PR), subsequently permitting extended radical mastectomy. Histologic examination of resected specimens also revealed that 33% of the patients had no viable cancer cells remaining in their lesions. Five-year and 10-year survival rates were 57% and 41%, respectively, compared with 24% and 18%, respectively for the 17 patients of historic control. Patients showing better local responses to intra-arterial chemotherapy had longer survival time with less frequent local recurrences. Intra-arterial chemotherapy is an effective modality for the treatment of locally advanced breast cancer.     

Malignant lymphoma of the skin

Diagnosis and therapy of malignant lymphoma of the skin were reviewed. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), which is a new name for mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome, is one of the peripheral T-cell malignancies. It is generally confined to the skin for a long period of time, distinct from other malignant lymphomas, and may then progress to involve the lymph nodes and internal organs with a fatal outcome. Thus, diagnosis and therapy of CTCL may be different from those of other malignant lymphomas. Diagnostic characteristics of clinical, histopathological, haematological and immunological findings of CTCL were described. Differentiation between CTCL and adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) were discussed. As for the therapy for CTCL, there are five therapeutic modalities; local chemotherapy, PUVA therapy, electron beam irradiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy and combined modality. However, the most appropriate therapy for each stage of CTCL has not yet been determined. The advantages and dis-advantages of each therapeutical modality were discussed.     

高剂量化放疗联合自体造血干细胞移植治疗霍奇金淋巴瘤11例报告

背景与目的：高剂量化放疗（high dose chemoradiotherapy,HDT)联合自体造血干细胞移植（autologous hemotopoietic stem cell,ASCT)巳成为复发与耐药霍奇金淋巴瘤（HL）患者重要的解救治疗手段之一,但对于初治晚期患者的作用还不明确。本论文的目的是进一步评价HDT联合ASCT在HL综合治疗中的地位,特别是探讨其对于初治晚期具有明显不良预后因素患者的作用。方法：11例复发和具有不良预后因素的晚期HL患者,其中初始9例,复发2例;自体骨髓移植（autologus bone marrow transplantation,ABMT)1例,自体外周血干细胞移植（autologous peripheral bllod stem cell transplantation,APBSCT)10例。诱导治疗后4例完全缓解（CR）,7例部分缓解（PR）。7例采用高剂量化疗联合全身照射（total body irradiation,TBI)或全淋巴结照射（total lymph node irradiation,TLI)/次全淋巴结照射（subtatal lymph node irradiation,STLI)作用预处理方案,4例采用单纯高剂量化疗作为预处理方案。5例患者于移植后进行了原发部位的补量放疗。结果：移植前达CR者为巩固治疗,达PR后移植后2例达CR,1例达PR,4例稳定（SD）;SD者均为骨受侵。中位随访13（1-84）个月,所有患者全部生存。4例无病生存;4例骨受侵者疾病无进展生存;3例复发,其中1例经复发部位放疗后,目前又无瘤生存42个月,另外2例正进一步治疗中;根据寿命表法分析,全组6年累积疾病无进展生存率（progression-free survival,PTS)为55.68%,6年累积总生存率（OS）为100%;初治患者6年PFS为62.5%。移植相关毒性主要为IV度骨髓抑制,未见明显心、肝、肾毒性,无移植相关死亡。结论：HDT联合ASCT是治疗复发和具有不良预后因素的晚期HL的一种值得进一步探讨的方法。     

Three cases of metastatic breast cancer, resistant to pre-chemo and/or endocrine therapy, markedly improved with UFT and cyclophosphamide oral combination therapy

The cases of 3 female patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with oral UFT and cyclophosphamide (CPA) are reported. Patient 1 had lymph node and bone metastases. Patient 2 had bone metastasis. Patient 3 had skin, lymph node, and peritoneal metastases. All had a history of mastectomy and chemo- and/or endocrine therapy for metastatic lesions. Patients 2 and 3 had also undergone CAF combination chemotherapy. However, the lesions did not change. UFT 400 mg and CPA 100 mg, everyday, were administered to patient 1. UFT 400 mg and CPA 100 mg, 2 weeks, and UFT 400 mg, 2 weeks, were given every 4 weeks to patient 2. UFT 300 mg and CPA 150 mg, 6 weeks per 8 weeks were given to patient 3. Improvements in the metastatic lesions were seen 4 weeks after the beginning of UFT and CPA therapy. Therapy is now continuing, and no patients had a progression of the disease. All had leukopenia 2 or 4 weeks after the beginning of this therapy, and two temporarily stopped the therapy. No other side-effect was observed. Oral UFT and CPA combination therapy was considered useful for metastatic breast cancer. To prevent leukopenia and prolong the term of treatment efficacy, a treatment regimen will need to be established.     

Induction therapy of locally-advanced nasophayngeal cancer

Unlike most head and neck tumors, nasophayngeal cancer (NPC) is characterized by such ep-idemiological and histological features as massive lympho- and hematogenic metastasizing and enhanced sensitivity to conservative therapy. More than 80% of diagnosed tumors are grade III-IV and, therefore, are more resistant to irradiation; they have a worse prognosis. Our method of induction chemotherapy (docetaxel, doxorubicin, cisplatin) was used in treating 50 patients with locally-advanced NPC: complete response--88% (44) [complete resorption--48% (24)]. Lymphadenectomy was carried out in 12 cases of primary metastatic lesions N2-3 in the elymph nodes of the neck on completion of all stages of combined (induction + radiation) therapy. Metastases to the regional lymph nodes were detected in 10 patients.