一次使用性医疗用品生产环境污染检测及其改进措施

检测表明，我市一次使用性医疗用品车间空气与物体表面细菌污染严重，产品初始染菌数超标率＞３５％。在增设吸排尘装置、加强消毒保洁措施与管理后，环境污染明显下降，产品初始染菌数超标率亦由３５．１％～５６．１％降至９．３％。     

米索前列醇对非妊娠妇女宫颈扩张效果的观察

目的　评价米索前列醇对非妊娠妇女宫颈扩张的效果。方法　将 10 0例宫腔镜电切术病人随机分成三组 :Ⅰ组 4 0例 ,米索前列醇 6 0 0 μg分两次置入阴道后穹隆 ;Ⅱ组 4 0例 ,米索前列醇 4 0 0 μg于术前 1天晚 9时放置 ;Ⅲ组 2 0例 ,米索前列醇 4 0 0 μg于手术日晨 6时放置 ,观察宫颈扩张情况、术者对手术操作的满意率、手术并发症以及药物副作用。结果　Ⅰ组病人全部可无阻力通过 9～ 11号Hegar氏扩张棒 ,术者操作的满意率为 10 0 % ,Ⅱ组 97.5 %的病人可无阻力通过 8.5～ 11号扩张棒 ,术者操作的满意率为 97.5 % ,Ⅲ组中75 %的病人需扩张宫颈 ,术者操作的满意率为 30 % ,与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。无 1例并发症发生 ,药物的副作用主要表现为轻微腹痛、阴道流血、发热等。结论　米索前列醇 6 0 0 μg分 2次放置以及4 0 0 μg于术前 1日晚 1次放置均可有效地扩张宫颈 ,其中 4 0 0 μg于术前 1日晚 1次放置是宫腔镜电切术所需的最低有效剂量和最佳给药途径     

水井“加氯消毒”投药量的选择

<正> 水井为广大群众最常用的饮用水源之一,肠道传染病流行时,对井水进行消毒处理,就显得极为重要。过去对水深度超过4 m的井,向其中直接加含氯消毒剂消毒时,一般都以全井水量计算投药量。在实际工作中我们发现,如此投药处理后较长时间,有时超过12小时,水面尚可测得较高余氯,影响使用。对水井直接加药时,氯可能分布到多深的水层,如何计算投药量较为适宜等问题,我们曾提出过看法。     

微生物自动化设备的优点

近年来随着临床微生物枪验学科的迅速发展,新的细菌检验技术、细菌名称的增加和改变、临床意义的变化和拓展,临床细菌检验已日益成为疾病诊断、抗牛素合理使用、院内感染管理等诸多方面不可缺少的手段。而传统的细菌检验采用手工操作,其过程繁杂、时问周期长、主观因素对细菌鉴定结果的影响、且难以标准化,将逐渐被淘汰,已不适应医院的工作。目的：微生物自动分析仪设备的诞生,因其操作简便,鉴定细菌的生化试验项目多,对药敏试验结果町进行分析和修正,利于感染控制,以及标准分操作等优点,可以说是细菌学的一次革命。     

压力蒸汽灭菌用自动启闭式盛装容器性能测定

<正> 医院中的注射器采用压力蒸汽灭菌法处理时,若所用盛装容器不当,往往造成灭菌失败。普通铝饭盒透气性差,不适合做为注射器在压力蒸汽灭菌处理时的盛装容器,但目前国内医院中还普遍使用。为了提供一种适宜并使用方便的注射器盛装容器进行     

口腔医疗器械灭菌方法探讨

为观察不同方法对口腔医疗器械消毒与灭菌效果,采用现场监测方法对压力蒸汽和化学消毒剂处理的器械进行了检测。结果,压力蒸汽灭菌处理可使口腔医疗器械达到灭菌要求。20g/L戊二醛消毒剂浸泡10h,对牙钻手机、车针等灭菌合格率为93%～100%;75%乙醇、1000mg/L苯扎溴铵浸泡10h,10g/m3甲醛熏蒸12h合格率均比较低。结论,压力蒸汽灭菌效果可靠,是口腔医疗器械灭菌的首选方法。     

PERIODIC EXAMINATION OF SEWAGE FOR THE VIRUS OF POLIOMYELITIS

From a series of tests covering 15 months, another instance is recorded of the detection of the virus of poliomyelitis in urban sewage. It has not yet been possible to detect the virus of poliomyelitis in sewage during non-epidemic periods. It is likely that the periodic sampling of sewage for pathogenic viruses or bacteria may be a method of epidemiological value.     

超敏-CRP在急性冠状动脉综合征中的临床意义

[目的]探讨血清超敏-CRP（hs—CRP）在急性冠脉综合征中（ACS）的临床意义。[方法]应用乳胶增强免疫透射比浊法检测了97例ACS患者（30例稳定型心绞痛，27例不稳定型心绞痛，40例急性心肌梗塞）及42例健康对照组的hs—CRP水平，并分析治疗前后hs—CRP水平的差异。[结果]ACS患者中hs—CRP浓度与对照组相比明显增高，差异具有统计学意SL（P〈0．01）。ACS各组hs—CRP水平在治疗前后比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。[结论]ACS患者血清hs—CRP水平显著升高，提示ACS患者可能存在炎症反应。检测hs—CRP对ACS的辅助诊断、疗效观察及预后判断具有重要意义。     

臭氧消毒医院污水的应用

<正> 臭氧(O_2)是氧的同素异形体。1906年法国首先将其用于给水清毒。此后,这种给水消毒法在欧洲被广泛采用。臭氧用于废水消毒是在廿世纪七十年代初开始的。由于臭氧技术发展迅速,并具有其它消毒剂所不具备的优点,因此正在逐渐替代传统的氯化消毒法。南昌市传染病院于1981年开始使用臭     

C-反应蛋白在输卵管妊娠破裂中的回顾性分析

近年来，异位妊娠发生率呈上升趋势，输卵管妊娠占异位妊娠的95％以上；而输卯管妊娠破裂出血是妊娠早期妇女死亡的主要原因之一。尽早诊断破裂出血，争取手术时机，减少大出血和输血的发生迫在眉睫。但目前即使是官内正常妊娠，在妊娠5周前B型超声检杏亦很难得到明确的孕囊图像，异位妊娠的确诊更难以在影像学上得到证据，只能通过一些生化检测指标进一步提供佐证。有资料表明：C-反应蛋白是人体感染的一个重要标志。C-反应蛋白浓度在健康群体中的浓度很低，但在人体受到相应的刺激（如炎症，组织损伤后）C-反应蛋白浓度迅速增加。     

PERFORMANCE OF TWO PREDICTIVE METHODS FOR CALCULATION OF THE KEY PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS FOR GENTAMICIN DOSAGE INDIVIDUALIZATION

Performance of two methods for determination of the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) and the elimination half-life (t1/2) for gentamicin was evaluated in 20 non-obese acutely ill patients. The patients had varying degrees of renal function. Initial creatinine clearance ranged from 22.7-103.1 ml/min, with a mean value (+/- SEM) of 63.26 (+/- 5.74) ml/min, and serum creatinine concentration was 1.37 (+/- 0.13) mg/dl, with a range of 0.70-3.0 mg/dl. The total daily dose of gentamicin ranged from 1.85-4.71 mg/kg. Two different methods were used for Vd calculation: the Hull-Sarubbi method and Chiou midpoint-back-extrapolation method. For t1/2 estimation, the Hull-Sarubbi and Cutler methods were used. These values were compared with the values obtained by the Sawchuk-Zaske method. Mean predicted error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean squared error (RMSE) were calculated for each method. Prediction bias and precision were compared statistically between each method by calculating the 95% confidence intervals of the delta MA and delta MAE, respectively. The MAEs revealed that the precision of Vd predictions were within 1.04 litre and 0.62 litre for the Hull-Sarubbi and Chiou methods, respectively. For the elimination half-life, none of the methods performance exhibited substantial bias. The Hull-Sarubbi method, however, was less biased and more precise than the Cutler method.     

利用毛细管测量血液粘度的研究

提出一种解决毛细管粘度计测量非牛顿流体（例如血流）粘度时切变率不可知的方法，并以测量不同切变率下的粘度为便给出了仪器结构设计模型。     

4种尿沉渣检查方法的临床应用评价

在泌尿系统疾病的诊断中，尿中有形成份的检出具有极其重要的作用，目前应用临床的尿沉渣检测方法主要有以下4种：UF-100型全自动尿沉渣分析仪（UF-100）、DiasysR／S2003尿沉渣工作站（R／S2003）、尿干化学分析和尿沉渣镜检。其中UF-100型全自动尿沉渣分析仪法和DiasysR／S2003尿沉渣工作站法是近几年应用起来的新的尿液沉渣检测方法，干化学分析法现已普及到基层医院，而尿沉渣镜检是一种传统的方法。由于4种方法的测定原理各不相同，常常导致实验结果的差异而影响临床诊断，为了使临床医生能更好地利用各实验室的检查结果，本文2003年11～12月随机收集我院住院病人尿样，用4种方法同时对321例尿标本进行检测，并对其结果进行分析比较，现报告如下。     

中和剂鉴定试验方法评价

为解决中和剂鉴定试验中消毒剂使用浓度过高而造成判定困难的问题,通过对试验作用时间的控制,进行了中和效果的观察。结果,经过缩短第4组消毒剂与中和剂作用时间后即与细菌作用,只要细菌生长正常即可证明中和作用迅速且有效。改进后结果证明,以试验中和剂中和含有效碘5000 mg/L的碘伏消毒剂和含有效氯1250mg/L的84消毒液,第4组细菌生长正常,菌数与第3、第5组误差在允许范围内。结论,改进的中和剂鉴定试验结果符合设计要求。     

PROPERTIES OF ANTIBODIES CYTOPHILIC FOR MACROPHAGES

Cytophilic activity for macrophages was shown to be a property possessed by most, if not all, of the complement binding 7S γ₂-population of guinea pig antibodies. Cytophilic antibodies were also demonstrated in rabbit and mouse antisera to sheep red cells. While each species antibody best sensitized homologous macrophages, cross species sensitization was also observed. The binding site for macrophages resides on the Fc fragment, therefore, on the H chains, and is destroyed by pepsin hydrolysis or reduction and alkylation. The binding reaction is reversible with a high rate of dissociation at 37°C. Cytophilic activity is not complement dependent, and was shown to be that property of opsonizing antibody which provides the receptors that permit the binding of the antibody to the macrophage cell membrane in preparation for phagocytosis.     

LIMITATIONS OF TYPHOID VACCINATION FOR TRAVELLERS

SUMMARY Around one-third of travellers to endemic areas receive pre-travel typhoid vaccination, increasingly with the new parenteral vaccination Typhim Vi (Mérieux). More than 200 cases of Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi infection are imported into the UK each year. Despite the widespread use of immunisation, non-specialist clinicians and the travelling public do not appear to fully appreciate the limitations of currently available vaccination. These limitations are not adequately highlighted in either the Green Book of Immunisation against Infectious Diseases (HMSO, 1992) or the new handbook Health Information for Overseas Travel (HMSO, 1995) which are important sources of reference for clinicians and practice nurses. This may delay consideration of diagnosis and presentation for treatment in immunised travellers.     

INTRANASAL VIRULENCE OF PNEUMOCOCCI FOR MICE

1. Smooth colony pneumococci fresh from human beings, instilled in small doses into the nasal passages of special mice raised under standard conditions, brought about a characteristic infection and this spread to healthy contacts inciting in them the carrier state or fatal infection. 2. Differences in individual host response to the same dose of a given culture ranged from a complete refractory or nasopharyngeal carrier state, or a local cervical lymphadenitis, to fatal lobular or lobar pneumonias with or without pleurisy, empyema, and pericarditis, and acute fatal septicemia. 3. Pneumococci exhibited consistent individual strain differences with respect to ability to infect, when instilled intranasally into mice, and also differences in the spread to contacts. Degree of intranasal virulence paralleled demonstrable ability to spread to contacts. 4. Degree of intranasal virulence of strains did not parallel intraperitoneal virulence in 50 per cent of strains—high intranasal was accompanied by either high or moderate intraperitoneal virulence, and low intranasal by high, moderate, or low intraperitoneal virulence. 5. Type III strains were of relatively high intranasal and intraperitoneal virulences; Type II strains mostly low in intranasal but high or moderate in intraperitoneal virulence; Type I strains all low in intranasal but either high or moderate in intraperitoneal virulence. Most strains of other types were low both in intranasal and intraperitoneal virulences. 6. The intranasal virulence of pneumococci was not enhanced by animal passage. Nasal passage reduced the intranasal virulence to zero but did not affect intraperitoneal virulence, colony form, and agglutinative specificity. Passage by the intraperitoneal method maintained the characteristic level of intranasal virulence for a period, increased intraperitoneal virulence in some instances, but did not affect colony form or agglutinative properties.     

12K-1型压力蒸汽灭菌化学指示卡效能测试

<正> 以热敏化学指示剂,作为监测压力蒸汽灭菌质量的一种辅助手段,在国际上已有近50年的历史。它操作简便、判断结果快速,深受医院消毒工作者的欢迎。本研究的12K     

DEMONSTRATION OF AGGLUTININS FOR BARTONELLA BACILLIFORMIS

1. Methods of preparing a satisfactory antigen having been developed, a technique for performing an agglutination test with B. bacilliformis is made available. 2. As a result of repeated intravenous injection of living cultures of B. bacilliformis at short intervals, rabbits have been found to produce a high titre of specific agglutinins which, under the conditions obtaining in the present series of experiments, begins to decline after about one month following the last inoculation. 3. Sera from six cases of bartonellosis in different stages of its several manifestations have been shown by the agglutination test to contain a low but definite titre of circulating antibody. 4. Several of these same sera have been shown to contain as well a significantly high titre of agglutinins for three strains of Proteus. No definite conclusions can be drawn from this phenomenon since the case histories had not been probed for the possibility of typhus fever; and since the relatively high titres obtained with a few of the present sera may very well fall within the extremes of normal serum titres.     

毒鼠强中毒检验检测方法的研究进展

毒鼠强，英文名tetramethylene disulfotetramine，缩写Tetramine；其化学名为：2，6-二硫-1，3，5，7-四氮三环（3，3，1，1，3，7）癸烷-2，2，6，6-四氧化物，简称四次甲基二砜四胺，代号424，分子式：C4H8O4N4S2。又名没鼠命、四二四、三步倒、闻到死等近30种。毒鼠强纯品为白色粉末，熔点250℃～254℃，255℃～260℃分解。在水中溶解度约0．25mg／ml，不溶于甲醇和乙醇，微溶于丙酮，溶于乙酸乙酯、苯、二甲亚砜等有机溶剂。