Chiari截骨加髋臼造盖术治疗高龄儿童先天性髋关节脱位

目的：探讨Ｃｈｉａｒｉ截骨加髋臼造盖术治疗先天性髋关节脱位的疗效。方法：分析４２例高龄儿童先天性髋关节脱位,采用单纯Ｃｈｉａｒｉ截骨治疗１５ 例,Ｃｈｉａｒｉ截骨加髋臼造盖术治疗２７ 例的临床资料。结果：随访４０ 例中,单纯Ｃｈｉａｒｉ截骨１３ 例,Ｃｈｉａｒｉ截骨加髋臼造盖术２７ 例,术后髋臼指数１４°～３２°,平均２６°。前倾角２５°～４０°,平均２８°。颈干角１３４°～１４６°,平均１３６°。单纯Ｃｈｉａｒｉ截骨优良率为６９．２％ ,３ 例发生股骨头缺血性坏死,１ 例发生头臼骨质硬化。Ｃｈｉａｒｉ截骨加髋臼造盖术的优良率为８８．８％ ,无股骨头缺血性坏死的发生。Ｃｈｉａｒｉ截骨加髋臼造盖术由于髋臼指数能得到有效的纠正,股骨头复盖接近正常,能很好的恢复正常的髋关节的生物力学关系,因此是治疗高龄儿童先天性髋关节脱位的有效方法之一。     

棚架式髋臼造盖术治疗青少年髋臼发育不良

目的 :介绍棚架式髋臼造盖术治疗青少年髋臼发育不良。方法 :手术是在髋臼或假臼上缘 ,以髂骨嵴为轴掀起髂骨外板 ,在关节囊与掀起的骨板间嵌入一骨块 ,从而融合成一稳定的外加臼盖。结果 :在 1 987年 9月～ 1 996年 3月间应用该术式治疗青少年髋臼发育不良 1 9例、2 3髋 ,平均年龄 1 6 8岁 ,术后平均随访时间 3 5年 ,疗效评定采用周永德评定标准 ,优良率占 83 %。结论 :该术式设计合理 ,手术简单、确实 ,形成的臼盖不会被吸收。     

三种不同手术方法治疗发育性髋关节脱位的疗效比较

目的观察Salter骨盆截骨术、髋臼造盖术、Pemberton髋臼成形术3种方法治疗发育性髋关节脱位的疗效,为临床上选择适当的术式提供依据。方法回顾性分析我院在1990年至2002年采用这3种术式治疗发育性髋关节脱位94例111髋的临床资料。结果平均随访52个月,Salter骨盆截骨术优良率84.4%,髋臼造盖术优良率70.6%,Pemberton髋臼成形术优良率86.7%。Salter骨盆截骨术、髋臼造盖术、Pemberton髋臼成形术髋臼角(AI)改善分别为14.3±4.98,19.7±5.46,20.4±6.87;头臼指数(AHI)为0.79±0.18,0.91±0.17,0.93±0.14。结论Salter骨盆截骨术、Pemberton髋臼成形术的疗效优于髋臼造盖术;Pemberton髋臼成形术、髋臼造盖术对髋臼形态的改善优于Salter骨盆截骨术。3种手术方式均是治疗先天性髋关节脱位的有效方法。     

改良髋臼周围截骨术治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位

目的 :探讨改良髋臼周围截骨术式治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位。方法 :采用髋臼周围截骨术联合髋臼加盖术 ,截骨端以楔形骨块充分植骨治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位 3 7例 47髋。结果 :随访 3 0例 ,3 8髋。随访 1 5～ 5年 ,平均 3 2年。按周永德评定标准 ,优 3 1髋 ,良 6髋 ,可 1髋。结论 :改良髋臼周围截骨术是治疗发育性髋关节脱位较理想的方法     

一次综合性手术治疗大年龄先天性髋脱位

目的 :探讨 8～ 19岁的Ⅲ级先天性髋脱位的外科治疗以及需要掌握的技术环节 ,如何预防术后可能发生的主要相关并发症。方法 :5 1例 ( 5 7髋 )术前不行牵引采用切开复位、Salter骨盆截骨、股骨转子下短缩旋转截骨、股内收肌 ,髂腰肌及髋部其它挛缩软组织广泛松解的一次综合性手术治疗。对其中 13例 ( 14髋 )髋臼指数 5 5°以上者 ,在Salter截骨的同时再实施造盖。结果 :随访 14个月～ 9年 ,平均 4年 2个月。按Mckary临床评定标准 ,优良率 46髋 ( 84% )、可 6髋( 11% ) ,差 3髋 ( 5 % )。按SeverinX线片评定标准 ,优良率 44髋 ( 80 % )、可 7髋 ( 13 % ) ,差 4髋 ( 7% )。结论 :该术式是治疗大年龄先天性髋脱位的一种可靠手段。     

髋臼上缘翻转造盖术治疗先天性髋臼发育不良

目的 :探讨髋臼上缘翻转造盖术治疗先天性髋臼发育不良的手术方式。方法 :在髋臼上缘 1cm处作弧形截骨 ,骨瓣向下翻转角度 ,根据术前髋臼指数而定。支撑骨瓣用 2枚可吸收螺钉将髂骨、异体骨块固定于髋臼的上缘。结果 :5 6例 64髋均获得满意效果 ,其中 42例 46髋随访 18～ 72个月 ,平均 (4 2± 10 .5 )个月 ,按Mullev和Seddon的标准 :优2 6髋、良 15髋、可 4髋、差 1髋。结论 :此方法可靠 ,避免取自体骨 ,取克氏针 ,值得推广。     

成人髋臼成形截骨术的护理

1991年 3月至 2 0 0 0年 1月 ,我科采用髋臼成形截骨术治疗成人髋臼发育不良 1 8例 ,效果较好。护理报道如下。1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料本组 1 8例 ,男 7例、女 1 1例 ,年龄 1 9～ 34岁。1 8例均为先天性髋臼发育不良 ,病程 1 9～ 34年。其中 4例曾行髂骨旋转截骨术 ,2例行髋臼髂骨内移截骨术 ,2例行髋臼造盖术 ,1 0例为初次手术。术前均有不同程度的跛行和疼痛 ,髋关节曲屈 50～ 85°(正常值 1 30～ 1 40°)、后伸 0～ 5°(正常值 1 0°)、内旋5～ 1 0°(正常值 30～ 45°)及外旋 1 5～ 2 5°(正常值40～ 50°)。 X线片示髋臼角 45～ 60…     

改良关节囊旁髂骨截骨术治疗先天性髋关节脱位

目的：评估改良关节囊旁髂骨截骨术治疗先天性髋关节脱位的临床效果。方法：切开关节囊，加深加宽髋臼，复位股骨头，股骨近端旋转截骨，纠正前倾角；短缩截骨，降低关节囊内压力；关节囊旁髂骨截骨骨块及短缩截骨块嵌入髋臼上缘，增加股骨头的包容，结果：经1．6－5．6年随访，按照周永德先天性髋脱位的疗效评定标准：优34例，良19例，可5例，差2例，手术优良率88．3％，结论：改良关节囊旁髂骨截骨术是治疗先天性髋关节脱位的一种较为有效的方法。     

带缝匠肌蒂髂骨移植髋臼成形术治疗发育性髋关节发育不良

自1999年1月～2003年12月采用带缝匠肌蒂髂骨移植髋臼成形术治疗青少年髋臼发育不良与髋关节半脱位或低位髋关节脱位,取得良好效果。现报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组12例,男5例,女7例,年龄10～21岁,平均14岁,左侧8例,右侧4例。发育性10例,股骨头无菌性坏死后遗畸形2例。1     

缝匠肌骨瓣修复髋臼节段型缺损的全髋关节置换术

目的探讨非感染性髋臼节段性骨缺损的人工髋关节置换术(THR)经验。方法回顾分析9例非感染性髋臼节段型骨缺损的髋关节置换经验,研究带缝匠肌髂骨瓣植骨、固定、髋臼置换和功能康复的新方法。结果本组手术全部成功,术后无感染发生。术后均获24～60个月(平均33个月)的随访,随访时关节无疼痛,关节功能较术前明显改善,对手术结果满意。结论使用带缝匠肌髂骨瓣植入修复髋臼节段型缺损为活骨移植,成骨效果良好。对于节段型骨缺损,植骨时应辅以颗粒骨,并尽量选用较稳固的钉板系统固定。     

全髋置换术治疗髋关节发育不良

目的探讨全髋置换术治疗髋关节发育不良(DDH)的手术方法并评价其临床疗效。方法12例DDH患者根据Crowe分型:Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型4例,Ⅳ型2例。全部采用B iom et全髋假体置换。髋臼假体均为生物型固定,股骨假体除2例骨水泥固定,其余为生物型固定。3例髋臼重建利用自体股骨头于髋臼前外方植骨造盖,9例于真臼水平将髋臼内移;3例股骨重建于转子下截骨短缩并纠正前倾;Ⅲ、Ⅳ型DDH行关节周围软组织松解。结果患者术后均未出现坐骨神经麻痹、下肢深静脉栓塞、切口感染及早期人工关节脱位等并发症。肢体延长最多4.8 cm,平均2.8 cm。随访6个月~2年,Harris髋关节评分由术前平均40.7分提高到84.5分,未发生人工关节脱位或假体松动。结论对有症状的DDH或强烈要求改善步态的年轻患者,全髋置换术是一种有效的治疗方法。     

Management of sequelae of septic arthritis of hip

A nine years old boy, who had suffered septic arthritis at the age of two years and presented now with a limp, hip instability, leg length discrepancy. The patient was treated by adductor tenotomy and upper tibial pin traction. When head remnant reached the level of the acetabulum, open reduction and Pemberton osteotomy was done to achieve cover of the femoral head. The purpose of this report is to highlight the six years followup of reconstruction of sequale of septic arthritis of hip joint.     

成人DDH患者保髋手术失败后的THA疗效分析

目的回顾性分析保髋手术治疗失败后的成人发育性髋关节发育不良患者再次行全髋人工关节置换术的中期疗效。方法选择2014年1月至2019年1月收治的22例(30髋)保髋手术失败后行全髋人工关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)的发育性髋关节发育不良患者作为研究对象,其中男7例,女15例;行保髋手术时年龄1~18岁,平均(7.9±3.4)岁;行THA时年龄22~63岁,平均(34.2±11.2)岁;单髋14例,双髋8例,左髋16侧,右髋14侧。手术前后采用Harris髋关节评分系统及疼痛视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue score,VAS)进行评价,并对手术前后的X线片进行分析。结果本研究病例全髋人工关节置换术后平均随访时间为(30.5±18.5)个月。全髋人工关节置换术后,Harris总评分从术前的平均(38.7±10.6)分提高至末次随访时的(89.4±9.7)分,差异有统计学意义(t=19.67,P<0.001),且患者的疼痛、行走、功能、活动度等各项指标的术后评分均高于术前且差异有统计学意义;疼痛VAS评分由术前的平均(7.9±0.9)分降低到末次随访时的(1.4±1.0)分,差异有统计学意义(t=30.67,P<0.01);患者双下肢长度差异由术前的平均(3.32±0.51)cm降低到术后(0.71±0.33)cm,差异有统计学意义(t=14.01,P<0.001)。所有患者均无发生手术切口及假体周围感染、假体松动、髋关节脱位、血管神经损伤、深静脉血栓及异位骨化等术后并发症,仅2例患者术中出现股骨近端纵行劈裂。结论保髋手术失败后的成人发育性髋关节发育不良患者行全髋人工关节置换术可获得满意的中期疗效。     

全髋置换术治疗成人髋臼发育不良伴骨性关节炎

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良(DDH)伴髋关节骨性关节炎的手术疗效.方法 对11例(12髋)因DDH致髋关节骨性关节炎患者行全髋关节置换术.根据Zionts分级,Ⅰ度7髋,Ⅱ度5髋.术前Harris评分28～63(48.1±9.4)分.结果 11例均获随访,时间6个月～6年.术后Harris评分为82～98(88.6±7.6)分.1例术后3年X线片示人工臼与植骨块间有透亮线,余患者人工臼位置均无移位、松动.有2例患肢轻度跛行,无疼痛,可以长距离行走.结论 全髋置换术解除患者症状,改善关节功能,提高生活质量,是一种行之有效的治疗方法.手术成功的关键在于加深髋臼、内移髋关节活动中心及适当植骨.     

全髋关节置换治疗髋关节发育不全

目的：研究全髋关节置换治疗髋关节发育不全（ＤＤＨ）的外科技术。方法：４７例（５４髋）因髋关节发育不全引起严重骨性关节炎的患者行全髋关节置换治疗，其中男８例，女３９例。随访１２个月～１４年，平均５３个月。结果：根据ＭｅｒｌｅＤ＇Ａｕｂｉｇｎｅ评分方法，优８例（１７～１８分）、良３０例（１３～１６分）、中８例（９～１２分）、差１例（＜８分）。结论：根据髋关节脱位的程度可将髋关节发育不全分成四度，其中Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度为半脱位型；Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度为全脱位型。ＤＤＨⅠ度，即低位半脱位，髋臼加深为其手术要点；ＤＤＨⅡ度，即高位半脱位，通过上移髋臼假体可以避免植骨；对于ＤＤＨⅢ度、Ⅳ度则使用小型髋臼假体并且植骨。我们提出的分类方法较Ｃｒｏｗｅ方法简便且实用，特别是对髋臼的处理有指导意义。对髋关节发育不全进行全髋关节置换应严格掌握适应证，只有当疼痛和功能障碍非常明显而保守治疗无明确效果时采用     

Association between femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and limited lateral hip rotation in young athletes: A case–control study

Purpose:Hip pain is very common in athletes. One of the main disorders causing hip pain is femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. This study aimed to identify a new etiological risk factor for femoroacetabular impingement in the hip.Methods:This case–control study included 88 young athletes, 34 with pains in the hip (supposedly with femoroacetabular impingement) and 54 controls. Femoroacetabular impingement was diagnosed with a flexion, adduction, internal, and rotation test and a particular type of hip pain during sports activities. The medial (internal) and lateral (external) hip ranges of rotation have been measured with an inclinometer. The data were analyzed using a t-test, the Wilcoxon test, the Mann–Whitney U test, and logistic regression.Results:There is a statistically significant difference in the external hip rotation range between the athletes with hip pain and controls. Logistic regression analysis showed that external hip range of motion is significantly associated with femoroacetabular impingement.Conclusion:Limited external hip range of motion was found to be significantly associated with the diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement in young athletes. A biomechanical explanation of the hypothesis that limited external hip rotation can predict femoroacetabular impingement is given. Based on our results, the hip’s lateral range of motion screening can be advised within the regular screening of young athletes. Kinesiotherapeutic procedures for stretching the muscles of the medial hip rotors can be advised to prevent the lateral hip rotation restriction and lower the risk of femoroacetabular impingement in case the limited rotation is due to muscular restriction.Level of evidence:level III—case–control study.     

Total Hip Arthroplasty in Young Females With Congenital Dislocation of the Hip,Radically Improves Their Long-Term Quality of Life

Eighty-two female patients with low dislocation (67 hips) or high dislocation (48 hips) were assessed using clinical scores and EQ-5D quality of life (QoL) questionnaire. Assessment was performed at the first to second year postoperatively and at the final follow-up, after a minimum of 12 years (12–37). Patients reported with a high EQ-5D health state VAS scale, VAS index and TTO index at 1 to 2 years follow-up (94,21/0,907/0,931) that remained considerably high despite the long-term follow-up (73,8/0,721/0,746). The scores for pain and range of motion presented with a statistically significant improvement at 1 to 2 years postoperatively and at the time of final follow-up. Function scores have declined with age. Total hip arthroplasty in CHD patients radically improves QoL for a long period of time.     

An Algorithmic Approach to Mechanical Hip Pain

Background

As our understanding of hip pathology evolves, the focus is shifting toward earlier identification of hip pathology. Therefore, it is vitally important to elucidate intra-articular versus extra-articular pathology of hip pain in every step of the patient encounter: history, physical examination, and imaging.

Questions/Purposes

The objective was to address the following research questions: (1) Can an algorithmic approach to physical examination of a painful non-arthritic hip provide a more accurate diagnosis and improved treatment plan? (2) Does an anatomical layered concept of clinical diagnosis improve diagnostic accuracy? (3) What are the diagnostic tools necessary for the accurate application of a four-layer (osteochondral, inert, contractile, and neuromechanical) diagnosis?

Methods

An unrestricted computerized search of MEDLINE was conducted. Different terms were used in various combinations.

Results

An algorithmic approach to physical examination of a painful nonarthritic hip, including history, physical examination (specific tests), and advanced imaging allow for better interpretation of debilitating intra- and extra-articular disorders and their effect on core performance. Additionally, it improves our understanding as to how underlying abnormal joint mechanics may predispose the hip joint and the associated hemipelvis to asymmetric loads. These abnormal joint kinematics (layer I) can lead to cartilage and labral injury (layer II), as well as resultant injury to the musculotendinous (layer III) and neural structures (layer IV) about the hip joint and the hemipelvis. The layer concept is a systematic means of determining which structures about the hip are the source of hip pathology and how to best implement treatment.

Conclusions

A clear understanding of the differential diagnosis of hip pain through a detailed and systematic physical examination, diagnostic imaging assessment, and the interpretation of how mechanical factors can result in such a wide range of compensatory injury patterns about the hip can facilitate the diagnosis and treatment recommendations.     

Early results of total hip arthroplasty in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip compared with patients with osteoarthritis

We have investigated the results of primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) performed in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Through the New Zealand Joint Registry, we identified all patients with DDH undergoing primary THA (n = 1205) and all patients with primary osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing primary THA (n = 40 589) between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2008. Postoperative outcomes, baseline information, and operative characteristics were analyzed and compared between the DDH and the OA groups. There was no significant difference in Oxford Hip Score or revision rate between the 2 groups. Our results support THA as a successful surgical option in the management of degenerative arthritis in DDH, with comparable functional outcomes and revision rates to THA performed for primary OA.     

Risk factors and diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of hip in children

Developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) is one entity one occasionally comes across while in a busy orthopaedic or paediatric outpatient department. The knowledge of risk factors and awareness of the condition is must for every orthopaedic surgeon and paediatrician as well lest the diagnosis will be missed. An early diagnosis can alter the prognosis of the disease and prevent late disabilities.