18F-FDG符合线路显像在食管癌术前分期中的价值

目的 探讨^18F-FDG符合线路显像在食管癌术前分期中的价值。方法 35例食管癌患者术前行^18F—FDG符合线路显像及CT检查，其中30例行手术治疗，以术后病理检查结果作为“金标准”，比较^18F—FDG符合线路显像及CT检查对原发肿瘤、淋巴结及远处转移（TNM）分期的价值；另5例发现远处转移，放弃手术治疗。结果 ^18F-FDG符合线路显像T分期与病理T分期比较符合率为63％（19／30）；^18F-FDG与CT探测淋巴结病变的灵敏度为60．00％和54．28％，特异性为94．44％和77．77％，准确性为84．80％和71．20％，阴性预测值为85．86％和81．39％，阳性预测值为80．77％和48．72％，其中特异性、准确性及阳性预测值差异有统计学意义。^18F—FDG符合线路显像发现5例远处转移，改变了其治疗方案。结论 ^18F-FDG符合线路显像对食管癌的术前分期、治疗方案的制定有临床应用价值。     

18F-FDG符合线路显像对食管癌术后复发转移的诊断价值

目的 探讨^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）符合线路显像对食管癌术后复发转移的诊断价值。方法 对29例临床怀疑复发转移的食管鳞状细胞癌术后患者行^18F-FDG符合线路显像，计算其诊断复发转移灶的灵敏度、特异性和准确性，并与CT诊断结果比较。结果 29例患者中符合线路显像真阳性19例，真阴性6例，假阳性、假阴性各2例，其诊断食管癌术后复发转移的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为90．5％（19／21例）、75．0％（6／8例）和86．2％（25／29例）；而CT诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为71．4％（15／21例）、87．5％（7／8例）和75．9％（22／29例）。在符合线路显像与CT检查均阳性的13例患者中，CT检出病灶20个；而符合线路显像检出27个，比CT多检出的病灶包括食管癌复发，锁骨上、纵隔和肺门淋巴结及骨转移。结论 ^18F-FDG符合线路显像对食管癌术后复发转移的诊断具有较高的临床价值，尤其在临床疑有复发转移而常规影像学检查阴性时有重要意义。     

符合线路显像在大肠癌术后复发转移中的临床应用

目的：探讨符合线路显像在大肠癌术后复发转移中的临床应用价值。方法：对31例临床怀疑复发转移的大肠癌术后患者行^18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)符合线路显像，计算其诊断准确性、灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及其95％可信区间，并与B超、CT、MRI的诊断结果相比较。结果:31例大肠癌术后患者中显像阳性19例，假阴性2例，无假阳性。其诊断准确性、灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为93．5％，90．5％，100％，100％，83．3％；其95％可信区间为78％～99％，70％-99％，69％-100％，82％-100％，69％-100％。符合线路显像的诊断准确性明显高于B超和CT，灵敏度和阴性预测值明显高于B超；95％可信区间分析结果示符合线路显像高于B超、CT和MRI。结论:^18F-FDG符合线路显像对大肠癌术后复发转移的诊断有较高的临床应用价值。     

18F-FDG符合线路显像诊断骨转移瘤的价值及与99Tcm-MDP骨显像的比较

目的 评价^18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)符合线路显像在骨转移瘤诊断中的价值，并与^99Tc^m-亚甲基二膦酸盐(MDP)骨显像进行比较。方法因怀疑恶性肿瘤或骨转移而行^18F-FDG符合线路显像者55例，41例于^18F-FDG检查前后4周内进行了^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像。其中30例骨转移瘤患者，15例无骨转移瘤，10例^18F-FDG显像示可疑肿瘤直接骨侵犯(单独进行分析)。结果 ^18F-FDG符合线路显像和骨显像对骨转移瘤的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、诊断准确性分别为100％，93％，97％，100％，98％和95％，50％，75％，86％，77％，前者特异性、阳性预测值、诊断准确性显著高于骨显像(P=0．024，0．035，0．007)；^18F-FDG显像发现30例骨转移瘤患者中的20例有骨外原发或转移肿瘤。10例^18F-FDG显像示可疑肿瘤直接骨侵犯患者中，4例被证实有骨受累，6例无骨受累，而骨显像对骨受累情况均作出了正确判断。结论 ^18F-FDG符合线路显像对骨转移瘤的诊断有较高的灵敏度和特异性，并能发现骨外原发或转移性肿瘤；^99Tc^m-MDP骨显像对骨转移瘤也有较高的灵敏度，但特异性较差。     

18F-FDG SPECT/CT诊断肺癌骨转移的价值:与全身骨显像比较

目的：探讨^18F—FDG SPECT／CT肿瘤代谢显像在诊断肺癌骨转移方面的应用价值。材料和方法：对32例肺癌患者分别进行^18F—FDGSPECT／CT显像和^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像，间隔时间不超过2周。其他影像学和临床随访结果为确诊依据，比较两种方法诊断骨转移的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性。结果：11个病人共48个病灶最终诊断为骨转移。^18F—FDG SPECT／CT诊断11个病人有骨转移^99T^m-MDP全身骨显像诊断10个病人。按病灶分析，FDG和MDP的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确性分别为94％、71％、89％、92％、77％和83％、64％、79％、89％、53％。”F—FDGSPECT／CT的敏感性和准确性优于^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像（P〈0.05）。结论：^18F—FDG SPECT／CT显像在诊断肺癌骨转移方面的敏感性和准确性高于^99Tc^m—MDP全身骨显像。     

PET/CT与增强CT检测乳腺癌及其腋淋巴结转移的对照研究

目的探讨^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET／CT显像与螺旋CT增强扫描检测乳腺癌及其腋淋巴结转移的临床价值。方法27例乳腺肿块患者于同日行^18F—FDG PET／CT显像与CT增强扫描。患者俯卧于乳腺专用泡沫垫上接受检查，前者图像由3位核医学科医师采用目测法结合半定量法进行诊断，后者图像由3位影像科医师分析诊断；最后与病理检查结果对照。结果27例患者PET／CT与增强CT均发现31个乳腺肿块，病理检查证实其中21个为乳腺癌，10个为良性病变；发现腋淋巴结91个，共有66个转移（1例有双侧腋淋巴结转移）；PET／CT显像检测乳腺癌原发灶的灵敏度为80．95％，特异性为90％，阳性预测值为94．44％；检测淋巴结转移的灵敏度为89．39％，特异性为88％，阳性预测值为95．16％。增强CT检测乳腺癌原发灶的灵敏度为90．48％，特异性为60％，阳性预测值为82．61％；检测淋巴结转移的灵敏度为86．36％，特异性为52％，阳性预测值为82．61％。^18F—FDG PET／CT和增强CT对腋淋巴结状态的诊断与病理检查结果的列联系数分别为0．64和0．37；两者对乳腺癌及其腋淋巴结转移的诊断特异性差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；对直径〈2cm的病灶，^18F—FDG PET／CT诊断准确性明显高于增强CT（P〈0．05）。结论^18F—FDG PET／CT对诊断乳腺癌及其腋淋巴结转移的特异性均高于增强CT。     

18F-FDG符合线路显像与异机CT图像融合诊断非小细胞肺癌复发转移的价值

目的 评价18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)符合线路显像与异机CT图像融合诊断非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)术后放化疗后复发转移的价值.方法 对可疑复发转移的40例NSCLC患者行18F-FDG符合线路显像,并于显像前后1周内行CT扫描.用三维(3D)图像融合软件进行图像融合.结果 在18F-FDG符合线路显像与CT扫描相同的范围内,40例患者共检出病灶58处,其中恶性52处,良性6处.融合图像诊断NSCLC复发转移的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性似然比及阴性似然比分别为94.23%(49/52),5/6,93.10%(54/58),98.00%(49/50),5/8,5.65及0.07.图像融合灵敏度、准确性明显高于CT.单纯18F-FDG符合线路显像诊断效能与图像融合无差别,但与CT图像融合可明显提高对病灶的定位诊断(提高44.83%).结论 18F-FDG符合线路与CT图像融合诊断NSCLC术后放化疗后复发转移灵敏度高,定位准确,值得推广应用.     

^18F-FDG PET／CT显像诊断妇科肿瘤复发、转移的价值

目的探讨^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET／CT显像诊断妇科肿瘤复发、转移的价值,并评价其对临床再分期及治疗决策的影响。方法对47例临床可疑复发、转移的妇科肿瘤患者行^18F—FDG PET／CT显像,对PET、CT及PET／CT图像进行对比分析。采用SPSS12．0软件,对数据行∥检验、校正的,检验及确切概率法分析。结果47例患者中共发现病灶158处,其中恶性病灶149处,良性病灶9处。^18F-FDG PET／CT诊断妇科肿瘤复发、转移的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为95．97％（143／149）,6／9,94．30％（149／158）,97．95％（143／146）及50．00％（6／12）。PET／CT在诊断妇科肿瘤复发、转移的灵敏度、准确性及阴性预测值方面明显优于单纯CT（χ^2=18．198,18．890,6．825,P均〈0．05）;^18F-FDG PET／CT和单纯PET在各项诊断效能指标间差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0．632,0．000,0．459,0．000,0．150,P均〉0．05）,但PET／CT使33．54％（53／158）的单纯PET无法准确定位的病灶得到了准确定位。同单纯CT及PET相比,PET／CT分别使44．68％（21／47）和31．91％（15／47）的患者TNM分期改变,对T分期的影响最明显;共有19．15％（9／47）的患者临床分期改变,并改变相应的治疗决策。结论^18F—FDG PET／CT显像诊断妇科肿瘤复发、转移准确而全面,对临床再分期及治疗决策有重要影响。     

PET/CT显像在恶性肿瘤治疗中的临床意义

目的探讨^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET／CT显像在恶性肿瘤治疗中的临床价值。方法选取行^18F—FDG PET／CT显像、最终经病理检查或临床诊断为恶性肿瘤（除脑肿瘤外）的患者96例，所有患者检查前未进行抗癌治疗。采用美国GE Discovery LS PET／CT仪，在PET／CT扫描床上进行CT模拟定位，指导勾画放射治疗靶区。用SPSS 10．0软件进行统计学处理。结果①^18F—FDG PET／CT检查的灵敏度为97．92％；PET／CT检查后45．83％的患者肿瘤分期发生了改变；淋巴转移与脏器和（或）其他转移分别增多了37．50％和23．96％。②PET／CT检查后36．46％的患者改变了原治疗方案。③PET／CT融合图像显示肿瘤的大小、边界及与周围组织结构的关系清楚，能为放疗准确提供生物靶区定位，为外科手术提供切除范围，临床随访效果满意。结论PET／CT可用于肿瘤的早期诊断、准确分期和协助制定治疗方案，指导放射治疗生物靶区定位和确定手术切除范围。     

^11C—MET和^18F—FDG PET／CT诊断胶质瘤术后残余或复发的比较

目的探讨^11C甲基蛋氨酸（MET）PET／CT对胶质瘤术后残余或复发病灶的诊断价值,并与^18F-FDG进行比较。方法46例胶质瘤术后患者均行^11C—MET和^18F-FDGPET／CT颅脑显像,2次显像间隔时间在5d内。采用ROI技术计算肿瘤与对侧灰质和白质比值。胶质瘤残余或复发病灶的诊断根据手术或立体定向活组织病理学检查、MRI、CT等影像学检查及临床随访,随访时间〉6个月。统计学比较采用z。检验或独立样本t检验。结果46例胶质瘤术后患者中残余或复发者36例。^11C-MET、^18F-FDGPET／CT显像对残余或复发病灶诊断的灵敏度分别为94．4％（34／36）、47．2％（17／36）,χ2=19．429,P〈0．001;特异性分别为90．0％（9／10）、100％（10／10）,χ2＝1．053,P〉0．05;准确性分别为93．5％（43／46）、58．7％（27／46）,χ2=15．294,P〈0．001。半定量分析：^11C—MET肿瘤／灰质比值为1．68±0．23,明显高于^18F—FDG的1．13±0．51（t=5．877,P〈0．001）,^11C—MET肿瘤／白质比值为2．52±0．28,明显高于^18F—FDG的1．42±0．57（t=10．470,P〈0．001）。结论^11C-METPET／CT显像对胶质瘤术后残余或复发病灶的诊断具有一定的临床价值,并优于^18F—FDGPET／CT显像。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.