醒脑静联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 探讨醒脑静联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的疗效。方法 将65例急性脑梗死住院病人随机分为两组，对照组应用醒脑静注射液，治疗组在对照组基础上加用奥扎格雷钠注射液，1个疗程后比较两组临床疗效、神经功能缺损评分和血液流变学的变化。结果 治疗组总有效率为94．3％，明显优于对照组的70．0％（P〈0．05）；治疗后两组神经功能缺损评分、血液流变学各项指标比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论 醒脑静联合奥扎格雷钠能提高脑梗死病人的临床治疗效果。     

低分子肝素钙与奥扎格雷钠联合治疗急性脑梗死疗效观察

目的探讨低分子肝素钙、奥扎格雷钠联合治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法将2003年8月～2005年4月黑龙江一重集团公司医院120例急性脑梗死住院患者随机分为治疗组（60例）和对照组（60例）。治疗组应用低分子肝素钙与奥扎格雷钠，对照组常规治疗，均在发病6～48h内给药。治疗后进行神经功能缺损评分并评价临床疗效。结果神经功能缺损改善，治疗组明显优于对照组（P〈0．01）。临床疗效评价总有效率治疗组95％，对照组75％，治疗组明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）；显效率治疗组75％，对照组43．3％，治疗组明显优于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论低分子肝素与奥扎格雷钠联合治疗急性脑梗死能有效中止病情进展，改善神经功能缺损，临床疗效好，安全性高。     

奥扎格雷钠联合丹红注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的观察奥扎格雷钠联合丹红注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法将116例急性脑梗死患者随机分为两组,对照组56例采用丹红注射液治疗14d,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用奥扎格雷钠治疗14d。观察两组神经功能缺损程度（NIHSS）、日常生活能力（BI）变化及临床疗效。结果治疗组神经功能缺损评分为（8．01±4．21）分低于对照组的（10．53±3．78）分（P〈0．01）,治疗组有效率为82．2％高于对照组的91．7％,两组比较具有统计学意义。结论奥扎格雷钠联合丹红注射液为治疗急性脑梗死较安全有效。     

丹红注射液联合奥扎格雷治疗急性脑梗死的临床研究

目的 观察奥扎格雷钠联合丹红注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效.方法 将80例急性脑梗死患者随机分为两组各40例,两组均予常规治疗.观察组在常规治疗基础上加用奥扎格雷160mg/d,共15d;同时加用丹红注射液40ml/d,共15d.观察两组在神经功能缺损程度评分、日常生活能力评分、临床疗效、血液流变学指标、血脂方面的变化.结果 治疗组各项指标明显优于对照组,两组比较具有统计学意义.结论 奥扎格雷钠联合丹红注射液治疗急性脑梗死临床疗效满意.     

丹参联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 观察丹参联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法 选择临床诊为急性脑梗死病人90例，随机分为丹参联合奥扎格雷钠治疗组（治疗组）与丹参治疗组（对照组），每组45例，疗程均为14d。观察治疗后两组神经功能改善情况及血液生化指标变化情况。结果 治疗组总有效率91．1％，对照组总有效率为80．0％，两组总有效率比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05），治疗组疗效明显优于对照组，且无明显副反应。结论 丹参联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死能显著提高脑梗死病人的疗效，且无明显不良反应。     

血塞通与奥扎格雷钠联合治疗急性脑梗死68例

目的探讨血塞通注射液、奥扎格雷钠联合治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效和安全性。方法68例急性脑梗死病人，随机分为治疗组35例与对照组33例，均在发病（6～72）h内给药；全部病例均经头颅CT确诊，并监测病人的血糖、血小板计数、凝血酶原时间及纤维蛋白原。治疗前后对神经功能缺损程度进行评价，比较治疗组与对照组对急性脑梗死病人的疗效。结果治疗组总有效率、显效率分别为94．28％、77．14％，明显优于对照组的72．73％、51．51％（P〈0．05）。结论血塞通与奥扎格雷钠联合冶疗急性脑梗死疗效优于对照组，更能有效终止病情进展和改善神经功能缺损，安全性高，值得临床推广。     

奥扎格雷和依达拉奉联合治疗急性脑梗死的临床观察

目的 探讨奥扎格雷和依达拉奉联合治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效.方法 急性脑梗死患者60例，随机分入奥扎格雷和依达拉奉治疗组30例，血栓通组30例，于治疗前及治疗后不同时间分别对患者进行神经功能缺损评分（nds）。结果 与对照组相比治疗组能显著减少神经功能缺损，有效率为90％，有显著性差异（p〈0．05）。结论 奥扎格雷和依达拉奉联合治疗急性脑梗死疗效显著，应加以应用。     

奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的疗效评价

目的评价奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死（AIS）的临床疗效。方法将99例AIS患者分成观察组和对照组。对照组给予常规综合治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上加用奥扎格雷钠。结果观察组总有效率为74．00％优于对照组的46．94％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。两组患者治疗后日常生活能力（BI）及临床神经功能缺损程度评分（NDS）明显优于治疗前，差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01），治疗后观察组BI及NDS明显优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组患者在治疗过程中均未出现明显不良反应。结论奥扎格雷钠治疗AIS患者疗效佳，具有良好的安全性。     

银杏达莫注射液与奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的疗效分析

目的分析银杏达莫注射液与奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的疗效。方法选取2015年1月~2016年1月我院收治的急性脑梗死患者90例作为研究对象,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,各45例。对照组采用奥扎格雷钠治疗,观察组采用银杏达莫注射液联合奥扎格雷钠治疗,治疗后对比两组患者的疗效以及两组患者的神经功能缺损程度评分。结果治疗后,观察组患者神经功能缺损程度评分远高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组总有效率为93.3%远高于对照组82.2%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论银杏达莫注射液联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死,取得了很好的疗效,值得临床大力推广应用。     

奥扎格雷钠联合纤溶酶治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及对病人神经功能恢复的影响

目的探讨奥扎格雷钠注射液联合纤溶酶注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效及对病人神经功能恢复的影响。方法选择2013年8月—2016年8月江苏省阜宁县人民医院接诊的90例急性脑梗死病人,通过随机数表法分为观察组(奥扎格雷钠注射液联合纤溶酶注射液)和对照组(奥扎格雷钠注射液),各45例。比较两组病人治疗效果。结果治疗14 d后,观察组神经功能缺损评分、血细胞比容、纤维蛋白原水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),Fugl-Meyer评分、Barthel指数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),临床疗效总有效率明显高于对照组(95.56%vs 80.00%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论奥扎格雷钠注射液联合纤溶酶注射液治疗急性脑梗死,可促进病人神经功能的恢复,提高疗效。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.