成人颅咽管瘤术中垂体柄和下丘脑的保护和处理

目的分析和总结成人颅咽管瘤与垂体柄和下丘脑的关系,并在此基础上制定相应的处置方案提高颅咽管瘤根治切除的临床效果.方法66例原发成人鞍上型颅咽管瘤患者采用显微神经外科技术治疗,并对肿瘤与垂体柄和下丘脑的关系及处理进行前瞻性研究.结果36例术中可确认垂体柄存在.颅咽管瘤与垂体柄的关系通常分为无粘连（5例）、粘连（10例）、部分侵润（8例）和完全侵润（13例）.三室底前部受累42例,其中完全消失占10例.手术全切除58例,近全切除8例.术后尿崩症44例,无手术死亡.术后平均随访35月,无肿瘤复发.结论术前选择适当的手术入路,术中仔细辨认和正确处理肿瘤与垂体柄和下丘脑的关系,可有效保护下丘脑-垂体系统.     

老年与青年急性心肌梗死临床特点分析

目的 :探讨老年人与青年人急性心肌梗死的临床特点。方法 :分析老年人组及青年人组发病的危险因素及促发因素和冠状动脉造影的阳性指标 ,确诊为急性。结果 :冠心病危险因素 :吸烟 :老年组占 70 % ,青年组占 95 %。饮酒 :老年组占 76 % ,青年组占 90 %。血脂水平 :血清胆固醇 ,两组P >0 .0 1无显著性差异。血清甘油三脂 ,两组有显著性差异P <0 .0 1。促发因素 ;高血压病、糖尿病、心绞痛老年组患病率为 16例 (2 6、6 % ) ,青年组患病率为 2例(10 % )。冠状动脉粥样硬化情况 ;老年组以双支及多支狭窄为。青年组以单支狭窄为主。冠状动脉狭窄的程度 :老年组 86 .4 4 %± 11.13,青年组 6 5 .6 9%± 11.36 ,两组有显著性差异P <0 .0 1。并发症 :室壁瘤 :两组病例均以单支狭窄的发生率为高。心律失常 :老年组以复杂的心律失为主 ,青年组以单纯性心律失常为主。结论 :冠心病危险因素青年组明显高于老年组 ,老年组甘油三脂的水平、以及促发因素明显高于青年组。冠状动脉粥样硬化的情况 :老年组以双支及多支病变为主而青年组则以单支病变为主。冠状动脉狭窄的程度 :老年组以重度狭窄为主而青年组以中度狭窄为主。老年组并发症明显高于青年组 ,且程度较青年组重     

儿童尿崩症病因分析及诊治体会

目的探讨儿童尿崩症的病因及临床特点。方法选择西安市儿童医院内分泌遗传代谢科收治的58例尿崩症患儿作为研究对象。分析患儿的临床资料、实验室检查结果及诊疗结果。结果尿崩症患儿需行禁水加压素试验、鞍区MRI扫描。中枢性尿崩症54例,肾性尿崩症4例。结论儿童尿崩症的病因以中枢性尿崩症居多。中枢性尿崩症由下丘脑-垂体病变所致,需完善检查明确病因,针对不同病因给予对症治疗,监测患儿生长发育及尿量,改善患儿生活质量。肾性尿崩症多为精氨酸加压素受体2(AVPR2)基因突变引起,临床可完善基因检测,提高其诊断准确度。     

Regulation of factor IXa in vitro in human and mouse plasma and in vivo in the mouse. Role of the endothelium and the plasma proteinase inhibitors

The regulation of human Factor IXa was studied in vitro in human and mouse plasma and in vivo in the mouse. In human plasma, approximately 60% of the 125I-Factor IXa was bound to antithrombin III (ATIII) by 2 h, with no binding to alpha 2-macroglobulin or alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, as assessed by gel electrophoresis and IgG- antiproteinase inhibitor-Sepharose beads. In the presence of heparin, virtually 100% of the 125I-Factor IXa was bound to ATIII by 1 min. The distribution of 125I-Factor IXa in mouse plasma was similar. The clearance of 125I-Factor IXa was rapid (50% clearance in 2 min) and biphasic and was inhibited by large molar excesses of ATIII-thrombin and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor-trypsin, but not alpha 2-macro-globulin-trypsin; it was also inhibited by large molar excesses of diisopropylphosphoryl - (DIP-) Factor Xa, DIP-thrombin, and Factor IX, but not by prothrombin or Factor X. The clearance of Factor IX was also rapid (50% clearance in 2.5 min) and was inhibited by a large molar excess of Factor IX, but not by large molar excesses of Factor X, prothrombin, DIP-Factor Xa, or DIP-thrombin. Electrophoresis and IgG- antiproteinase inhibitor-Sepharose bead studies confirmed that by 2 min after injection into the murine circulation, 60% of the 125I-Factor IXa was bound to ATIII. Organ distribution studies with 125I-Factor IXa demonstrated that most of the radioactivity was in the liver. These studies suggest that Factor IXa binds to at least two classes of binding sites on endothelial cells. One site apparently recognizes both Factors IX and IXa, but not Factor X, Factor Xa, prothrombin, or thrombin. The other site recognizes thrombin, Factor Xa, and Factor IXa, but not the zymogen forms of these clotting factors. After this binding, Factor IXa is bound to ATIII and the complex is cleared from the circulation by hepatocytes.     

分析心脏超声在胎儿及新生儿先天性心脏病检查中的应用

目的:分析在胎儿和新生儿的先天性心脏病筛查中通过应用心脏超声的诊断价值。方法:抽取2010年1月-2017年12月我院580例行胎儿心脏超声检查孕妇,统计其产前与产后的超声检查结果,并于胎儿的尸检结果进行对比。结果:产后超声提示新生儿先心病共计13例,产前超声共计检出12例,检出率为92.31%,漏诊率为7.69%,与产后超声结果比较中P>0.05;10例均采取引产方式,尸检结果与产前超声诊断结果完全一致,且比较中P>0.05。结论:通过运用心脏超声有利于实现对胎儿和新生儿先天性心脏病的明确诊断,临床应用价值较高。     

疗养护理病历存在的缺陷分析及防预对策

目的调查疗养护理病历存在的缺陷,探求提高护理疗案质量的改进措施。方法对2002年10月至2004年10月的护理病历检查结果进行归纳分析。结果医嘱记录单存在的质量缺陷146次,一般护理记录单存在的质量缺陷142次,体温单存在的质量缺陷68次。结论注重护士的在职培训、实施有效的监督管理是护理疗案质量的保障。     

Endoscopic ultrasonography in the assessment of intra- and transmural infiltration of tumours in the oesophagus, stomach and papilla of Vater and in the detection of extraoesophageal lesions

Conventional ultrasonography is widely used as a diagnostic investigation in gastroenterology. Ultrasonically visible 'target or halo sign' caused by lesions in the upper GI-tract has no specificity or biological significance, so conventional ultrasonography cannot be used as an adequate investigation for detecting lesions in the upper GI-tract. Recently endoscopic ultrasonography was developed with the aim of improving the diagnostic potentialities of ultrasonography. Using an ultrasonic device it is now possible not only to detect lesions in the upper GI-tract, but also to assess the exact extent and depth of both local infiltration and adjacent metastases. Rapid differentiation between intramural and extraluminal lesions can readily be accomplished. The superiority of this new technique in the diagnosis of tumours of the papilla of Vater, and in particular in establishing preoperative tumour staging, has been demonstrated in comparison with other imaging techniques. These preliminary results in a small number of patients must be confirmed by further studies involving clinical trials with a large number of patients.     

The right-to-die and the duty-to-die: perceptions of nurses in the West and in Japan

The right-to-die means that the terminally ill person has the right to refuse further treatment. The duty-to-die means that terminally ill persons feel that they have no choice and must refuse treatment because of social factors such as family burden or financial cost to society. This article describes the perceptions of a sample of 72 Japanese nurses and 71 counterparts from the West. The right-to-die received support from all of the western and from a majority of the Japanese sample. However, the duty-to-die received weaker support from the West and rather strong disagreement from Japan. Themes emerged in the two groups from a content analysis of their reactions to the major concepts of right-to-die and duty-to-die, and these included autonomy, values surrounding life, justice, family as a possible coercive agent and family as a partner in decision making. Differences and similarities across the cultures in the meaning of these themes were explored.