膝关节损伤患者关节镜术后中药熏洗治疗的应用与护理

目的：探讨膝关节损伤患者关节镜术后中药熏洗治疗的应用与护理的临床效果。方法将我院骨科行膝关节镜手术的膝关节损伤患者60例,均在硬膜外麻醉下实施了关节镜手术治疗。并按照数字表法随机分为两组,对照组30例给予术后护理及功能锻炼;观察组30例在对照组的基础上实施中药熏洗,并比较两组的临床效果。结果两组患者治疗4周后,观察组的总有效率为93.33%明显高于对照组的73.33%(χ2＝4.32,P＜0.05),两组治疗后均可降低膝关节液中IL-1含量,且观察组疗效显著地优于对照组（P＜0.05),察组治疗后疼痛程度与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05),观察组治疗后肿胀程度与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05)。结论膝关节损伤关节镜术后给予患者中药熏洗治疗及功能性锻炼及护理,临床效果十分明显,可以有效的减少膝关节损伤的并发症,促进膝关节功能的快速恢复,提高患者的生活质量,值得临床推广。     

膝关节镜清理术配合中药熏洗治疗膝骨性关节炎

目的:探讨膝关节镜清理术配合中药熏洗治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法:随机将62例患者分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采用膝关节镜清理术治疗,术后予中药熏洗治疗治疗组,对照组仅采用膝关节镜治疗,经过治疗,术后6个月的随访,采用JOA膝关节炎治疗效果评判标准,对两组患者进行疗效比较。结果:治疗前两组患者的膝骨性关节炎严重指数差异无显著意义(P>0.05),通过观察患者治疗后总体疗效,治疗组效果明显高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:采用膝关节镜清理术治疗配合中药熏洗治疗效果优于单纯关节清理术治疗,术后疗效满意。     

中药薰洗联合功能锻炼治疗髌骨骨折术后膝关节僵硬的临床疗效

目的探讨中药薰洗联合功能锻炼治疗髌骨骨折术后膝关节僵硬的临床疗效。方法选取髌骨骨折术后膝关节僵硬的患者62例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组31例。对照组患者行膝关节功能锻炼治疗,观察组在对照组患者的基础上行中药薰洗联合功能锻炼进行治疗。评价2组患者的临床疗效。结果观察组关节恢复情况(93.55%)明显优于对照组(70.97%),观察组疼痛缓解情况明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论中药薰洗联合功能锻炼能够有效治疗髌骨骨折术后膝关节僵硬,效果显著,值得临床推广。     

中药坐浴治疗混合痔术后肛门水肿的护理观察

目的观察中药五倍子汤坐浴熏洗治疗混合痔术后肛门水肿的护理及效果。方法将72例混合痔患者随机分为两组,每组36例,治疗组采用科内自煎五倍子汤坐浴治疗混合痔术后并发症,对照组采用外用1∶5000的高锰酸钾溶液熏洗坐浴,观察比较两组临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率优于对照组。结论经五倍子汤熏洗坐浴治疗混合痔术后的肛门水肿效果明显,配以针对性的护理,能够进一步缓解术后肛门水肿。     

中药熏洗配合玻璃酸钠注射液治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床观察

目的观察中药熏洗配合玻璃酸钠注射液治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法我院2010年2月～2012年5月收治的90患者随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组采用常规治疗,对照组采用中药熏洗配合玻璃酸钠注射液治疗,观察两组治疗后关节肿胀、运动疼痛和总有效率情况。结果对照组膝关节肿胀和疼痛,功能改善评分情况明显优于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组总有效率86.7%,与观察组(60.0%)相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中药熏洗配合玻璃酸钠治疗膝关节骨性关节炎效果满意,值得临床推广。     

中药熏洗配合功能锻炼治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床研究

目的观察中药熏洗配合功能锻炼治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床治疗效果。方法选择我院在2013年1月~2016年1月收治的100例膝骨性关节炎患者随机进行分组,分为观察组和对照组各50例。对照组给予单纯膝关节功能锻炼,观察组在给予膝关节功能锻炼基础上采用中药熏洗配合治疗,观察其对膝关节骨性关节炎患者疼痛的缓解程度。运用《中医病证诊断疗效标准》、膝关节骨性关节炎自评量表(WOMAC)分别在治疗前、治疗后对观察对象进行评估。结果两组患者治疗前疼痛、僵硬、功能WOMAC评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。观察组WOMAC指数各项评分均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组WOMAC指数各项评分均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组总有效率为92.0%,对照组总有效率76.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中药熏洗配合功能锻炼治疗膝骨性关节炎疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

中药熏洗方治疗肛肠常见疾病术后并发症的疗效观察

目的 观察中药熏洗方治疗肛肠常见疾病术后并发症的疗效.方法HT6K 采用随机数字表法将我院2016年~2017年1月50例行手术治疗且发生并发症的肛肠常见疾病患者分为对照组(外洗坐浴治疗)及观察组(中药熏洗方治疗)各25例,对两组临床疗效展开观察和比较.结果 治疗前两组症状积分无明显差异,治疗后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 中药熏洗方治疗肛肠常见疾病术后并发症效果理想,可作为优选治疗方案推广使用.     

中药熏洗配合功能锻炼治疗早中期膝骨性关节炎的临床观察

目的:分析早中期膝骨性关节炎患者应用中药熏洗配合功能锻炼治疗的效果。方法:选择我院收治的符合本次研究纳入标准的70例早中期膝骨性关节炎患者为研究对象(2017年6月至2018年6月),遵循随机分组的原则将其分为对照组和观察组(各35例)。对照组接受关节腔玻璃酸钠注射+功能锻炼治疗,观察组接受中药熏洗+功能锻炼治疗。观察两组治疗效果。结果:观察组治疗后Lysholm评分高于对照组(P0.05);观察组治疗总有效率94.29%高于对照组74.29%(P0.05)。结论:早中期膝骨性关节炎患者应用中药熏洗配合功能锻炼治疗的效果显著,值得临床推广。     

中药熏洗治疗膝关节退行性变的临床效果观察

目的探讨中药熏蒸治疗膝关节退行性变的临床疗效。方法将我院2009年12月至2010年6月收治的300例膝关节退行性变的患者分为观察组和对照组,每组150例,对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上采用中药熏洗治疗,比较两组治疗后的关节疼痛情况及疗效。结果观察组治疗后的疼痛评分显著低于对照组,P〈0．05。且观察组的总有效率为93．3％显著高于对照组的76．7％,P〈0．05。结论中药熏洗治疗膝关节退行性变较为有效,能明显缓解患者疼痛,值得推广。     

中药熏洗治疗痔疮术后患者的护理

目的：探讨中药熏洗治疗痔疮术后患者的护理。方法：选取于2013年7月～2014年7月在我院接受治疗的痔疮患者58例为研究对象，随机分为两组，观察组和对照组各29例。观察组术后进行中医熏洗治疗，对照组采用高锰酸钾0.2g，用与观察组同样的方法进行熏洗，并做好常规护理。结果：观察组治疗总有效率明显高于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：对痔疮术后患者采取中药熏洗治疗和积极的护理措施能有效改善症状，治疗效果显著。     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty in toxicokinetics and pharmacokinetics

Two important methodological issues within the framework of the variability and uncertainty analysis of toxicokinetic and pharmacokinetic systems are discussed: (i) modelling and simulation of the existing physiologic variability in a population; and (ii) modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty when there is insufficient or not well defined (e.g. small sample, semiquantitative, qualitative and vague) information available. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are especially suited for separating and characterising the physiologic variability from the overall variability and uncertainty in the system. Monte Carlo sampling should draw from multivariate distributions, which reflect all levels of existing dependencies in the intact organism. The population characteristics should be taken into account. A fuzzy simulation approach is proposed to model variability and uncertainty when there is semiquantitative, qualitative and vague information about the model parameters and their statistical distributions cannot be defined reliably.     

成骨细胞的功能与损伤和骨质疏松的防治

骨质疏松是一种全身性骨骼疾病,导致骨折风险增加。成人的骨量通过破骨细胞的骨吸收和成骨细胞的骨形成作用来维持动态平衡,治疗骨质疏松症的理想策略是抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收和/或增强成骨细胞的骨形成功能。目前针对保护成骨细胞及增强其功能的骨质疏松疗法相对较少。因此,本文针对成骨细胞相关功能蛋白、各种细胞损伤机制（内质网应激、氧化应激、机械过载、微小RNA和长链非编码RNA的影响等）及骨质疏松的治疗与预防作一综述,以期为针对增强成骨细胞功能的骨质疏松治疗策略提供新思路。     

益生菌与肿瘤防治

益生菌广泛存在于自然界中,通过维持宿主体内菌群平衡、影响肠屏障功能和调节免疫应答等作用,提高宿主健康水平,被公认为"肠道健康卫士".一些益生菌可以增强机体的免疫功能,抑制致癌物质,影响肿瘤细胞的基因表达,对肿瘤具有拮抗作用.大量研究表明,益生菌在未来的肿瘤防治中有很好的应用和发展前景.     

Antiinfective and encrustation-inhibiting materials--myth and facts

Catheters, urethral and ureteral stents and other urological implants are frequently affected by encrustration and infection due to their permanent contact with urine. Indwelling urinary catheters provide a haven for microorganisms and thus require extensive monitoring. Several surface modification techniques have been proposed to improve the performance of devices including the immobilization of biomolecules, the incorporation of hydrophilic grafts to reduce protein adsorption, the creation of hydrophobic surfaces, the creation of microdomains to regulate cellular and protein adhesion, new polymers and antimicrobial coatings. Physico-chemical explanation to elucidate the mechanism of such encrustation or infection inhibiting materials is still not available. Our series of experiments showed a marked decrease of silver-activity in biological fluids which corresponds with the controversial clinical results obtained with silver coated urinary catheters. Rifampicin/minocycline coated catheters had very low activity against Gram-negative rods, enterococci and Candida spp., the main causing organisms of urinary catheter infection. Surface engineered materials and antimicrobial drug delivery systems will be the next generation of sophisticated urinary catheters and stents, if both efficacy as well as efficiency has been proved clinically.     

Self-stimulation and amphetamine: Tolerance to d and l isomers and cross tolerance to cocaine and methylphenidate

The effects of the d and l isomers of amphetamine on self-stimulation responding were tested following acute and chronic administration. Tolerance and post-drug depression of responding occurred in tests with both isomers, indicating no role for p-hydroxynorephedrine (PHN) which is one of the metabolites of d-amphetamine. In the second experiment, d-amphetamine, methylphenidate and cocaine all produced quantitatively and qualitatively similar effects on self-stimulation responding following acute administration. Following chronic administration of d-amphetamine, animals showed tolerance to all three drugs, indicating cross-tolerance among them. These data are consistent with an hypothesis that tolerance and post-drug depression following chronic amphetamine treatment are the result of decreases in postsynaptic receptor sensitivity, which would lead to a decreased effectiveness of all three drugs, regardless of their pre-synaptic mechanisms.     

Interaction of estrone and estradiol with DNA and protein of liver and kidney in rat and hamster in vivo and in vitro

[6,7-³H] Estrone (E) and [6,7-³H]estradiol-17 (E₂) have been synthesized by reduction of 6-dehydroestrone and 6-dehydroestradiol with tritium gas. Tritiated E and E₂ were administered by oral gavage to female rats and to male and female hamsters on a dose level of about 300 g/kg (54 mCi/kg). After 8 h, the liver was excised from the rats; liver and kidneys were taken from the hamsters. DNA was purified either directly from an organ homogenate or via chromatin. The radioactivity in the DNA was expressed in the units of the Covalent Binding Index, CBI = (mol chemical bound per mol DNA-P)/(mmol chemical administered per kg b.w.). Rat liver DNA isolated via chromatin exhibited the very low values of 0.08 and 0.09 for E and E₂, respectively. The respective figures in hamster liver were 0.08 and 0.11 in females and 0.21 and 0.18 in the males. DNA isolated from the kidney revealed a detectable radioactivity only in the female, with values of 0.03 and 0.05 for E and E₂, respectively. The values for male hamster kidney were < 0.01 for both hormones. The minute radioactivity detectable in the DNA samples does not represent covalent binding to DNA, however, as indicated by two sets of control experiments. (A) Analysis by HPLC of the nucleosides prepared by enzyme digest of liver DNA isolated directly or via chromatin did not reveal any consistent peak which could have been attributed to a nucleoside-steroid adduct. (B) All DNA radioactivity could be due to protein contaminations, because the specific activity of chromatin protein was determined to be more than 3,000 times higher than of DNA. The high affinity of the hormone to protein was also demonstrated by in vitro incubations, where it could be shown that the specific activity of DNA and protein was essentially proportional to the concentration of radiolabelled hormone in the organ homogenate, regardless of whether the animal was treated or whether the hormone was added in vitro to the homogenate.Carcinogens acting by covalent DNA binding can be classified according to potency on the basis of the Covalent Binding Index. Values of 10³–10⁴ have been found for potent, 10² for moderate, and 1–10 for weak carcinogens. Since estrone is moderately carcinogenic for the kidney of the male hamster, a CBI of about 100 would be expected. The actually measured limit of detection of 0.01 places covalent DNA binding among the highly unlikely mechanisms of action. Similar considerations can be made for the liver where any true covalent DNA binding must be below a level of 0.01. It is concluded that an observable tumor induction by estrone or estradiol is unlikely to be due to DNA binding.Paper presented at the Satellite Symposium of the European Society of Toxicology, Rome, March 29, 1983     

Synthesis and anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of gaultherin and its analogs

The synthesis of gaultherin (1) and its analogs was carried out to provide 11 glycosides under phase-transfer catalytic conditions. The activities of all synthesized compounds were evaluated by nitric oxide production inhibitory assay in vitro. Methyl 2-O-(4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylbenzoate (5f) showed significantly anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by the evaluation in vivo. Structure–activity relationships within these compounds were discussed.     

Benzodiazepines,amnesia and sedation: Theoretical and clinical issues and controversies

The amnestic effect of benzodiazepines, first described in 1965, and the subsequent attempts to identify the precise nature of this effect, are reviewed. The difficulty in deciding to what extent this effect is secondary to the sedative action of these drugs is shown by the lack of agreement between studies. Nevertheless, it is concluded that, given the right experimental design, all benzodiazepines can be shown to cause an anterograde amnesia which is probably primarily a result of reduced attention or rehearsal and secondary to sedation. Its onset, degree and duration are influenced by dose, rate of absorption, route of administration, potency and the receptor occupancy rate of the particular benzodiazepine involved, but plasma elimination t_½ appears to be relatively unimportant. The clinical relevance of this for the long-term use of hypnotics and anxiolytics is not clear. Tolerance appears to be greater than for the anxiolytic but less than the sedative or anticonvulsant effect of benzodiazepines. It seems that transient amnestic effects could occur in chronic users related to post-dose, peak benzodiazepine levels. The great variability in individual response means that transient amnesia is a potential adverse drug reaction in certain individuals taking benzodiazepines.