黄麻加工工人粉尘接触水平与肺功能损害关系

目的　分析黄麻加工工人粉尘接触水平与肺功能损害的关系。方法　对某麻纺织厂 4 88名接触黄麻粉尘工人和 332名对照工人的肺功能进行测定与分析。结果　接触黄麻粉尘工人的肺功能各项指标的实测值占预计值的百分比随着累计接尘量的增加而显著地下降 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ;肺功能各指标的异常率随累计接尘量的增加显著地上升 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。接触黄麻粉尘工人的肺功能的损害程度随着累计接尘量的增加有加重的趋势。依据接触水平 -反应关系 ,用寿命表法建立了肺功能累计异常率与累计接尘量之间的直线回归方程。结论　黄麻粉尘接触水平与肺功能损害呈明显的接触水平 -反应关系。我国黄麻粉尘卫生标准 4mg/m3 是基本适宜的     

职业医学

对212名接触皮毛粉尘男性工人与207名男性对照工人进行了肺功能检测。并对累积接尘量与肺功能损害的关系进行了研究。结果表明,接尘组肺功能各指标(EVC、FEV_1、V_(50)、V_(25))的实测值占预计值％均较对照组为低。肺功能损害随累积接尘     

烟草粉尘职业性危害调查

本文调查了397名接触烟草粉尘作业工人的健康状况。结果表明,接尘组呼吸系统症状(咳嗽、咯痰、胸痛、气短)和上呼吸道炎症(慢性鼻炎、慢性咽炎)检出率均明显高于对照组;两组肺功能比较,接尘组呈下降趋势,其中女接尘组FEV_1、MMEF、V_(75)、V_(50)、V_(25)有显著性意义,其损害程度与接尘工龄有一定关系。提示烟草粉尘对肺功能有明显损害作用,并以小气道阻塞性通气功能障碍为主。     

稻谷尘对退休粮工呼吸功能影响的调查

本文报道了130例退休粮工及373例无粉尘接触史的退休工人的呼吸道疾患及肺功能检查的结果,显示接触组的慢性呼吸道疾病症状和体征较对照组有显著意义的升高。肺功能的检查结果表明,接触组的FVC、FEV_1、PEF、V_(75)、V_(50)、V_(25)等指标较对照组有显著的下降,两组的差别有显著及极显著意义。对男粮工与对照组进行了肺功能与接尘、吸烟两因素方差分析,结果表明粉尘和吸烟对V_(50)、V_(250及FEF_(25～75)三项指标有显著的交互作用,即吸烟可以加重粉尘对工人肺功能的影响。     

石棉作业工人肺功能研究——Ⅱ累计接尘量、吸烟量与肺功能的联系

本文报导了对按X线诊断分期分层随机抽取的155名石棉工人和130名机床厂对照工人肺功能与累计接尘量和吸烟量的关系,从结果表明,肺功能损害随累计接尘量的增加而加重,通过多因素逐步回归分析可以确定累计接尘量、吸烟量等因素与肺功能各项指标间的数量关系,认为影响肺功能的因素中粉尘接触量是主要因素,肺功能指标与接尘量和接尘时间关系密切,所以可以利用肺功能测定来确定接触水平一反应关系,並为制定卫生标准提供依据。     

长期接触低浓度氯气对工人肺功能的影响

通过对131名长期接触低浓度氧气工人的肺功能检查发现:反映肺通气功能的指标FVC,FEV_(1.0),FEV_(1.0)/FVC,FEF_(200-1200),FEF_(25-75％),FEF_(75-85％)等项指标明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。且发现接触较高浓度氯气工段的工人,肺功能损害较接触低浓度氯气工段的工人为重,说明氯气浓度与工人的肺功能损害之间存在剂量-反应关系。     

陶瓷粉尘对女工呼吸系统损伤的研究

目的探讨陶瓷粉尘接触对女性呼吸系统的损伤特点。方法在前期队列研究的基础上,对某陶瓷企业865名工人进行包括肺功能测试在内的健康体检,收集其职业粉尘暴露史、吸烟和尘肺诊断信息。结果该陶瓷企业女性322人,占总人数的37.22%。其中,接尘女工224人。接尘女工平均尘肺患病率为15.22%,患尘肺潜伏期为(30.0±5.6)年。女工尘肺患病率较男性接尘工人低,但是潜伏期(30.0±5.6)年较男性(32.1±7.4)年时间短。接尘组女工肺功能重度损伤率(27.17%),显著高于不接尘组(12.32%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。瓷厂工人的肺功能障碍率达84.39%(730例),男女性肺功能障碍类型不同,男性限制性障碍是女的2.43倍,女性阻塞性通气障碍是男性的1.41倍,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。女工吸烟且接尘组肺功能重度损伤率远高于不吸烟的非接尘组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.813,P<0.001)。结论陶瓷粉尘职业接触对女工呼吸系统功能造成严重损害。吸烟与接尘对女性肺功能损伤有协同作用。     

煤工尘肺的肺功能与X线对比观察

对92例煤工尘肺(单纯型56例、复合型36例)、30例接尘工人和30例不接尘的健康工人进行了肺量图肺功、MEFV 和残气测定。煤工尘肺组的肺量图肺功和MEFV 各项主要指标均值均低于正常对照组和接尘组,差异有显著性。残气和RV/TLC%增高,尤以复合煤工尘肺组明显。对不接尘和接尘工人中吸烟与不吸烟者的肺功能进行了比较,发现吸烟者各指标均值均低于非吸烟者,其中尤以FEV_1,FEF_((25)-(75))%、V_(?)/H 为明显,差异有显著性。粉尘和吸烟的联合作用是造成煤工尘肺肺功能损伤的主要因素。     

家俱厂木工肺通气功能分析

本文测定了936例男性木工和417名对照组工人的肺通气功能。结果表明:木工的FVC、FEV_1和MMEF有非常明显的下降,其FEV_1/FVC亦下降但仅吸烟木工有统计学意义;木工FEV_1、FEV_1/FVC和MMEF异常者随累计接尘量的增加而增加,差异非常明显(P<0.01)。最后,根据归因危险度和相对危险度的分析,我们认为,目前非致敏性木尘采用10mg/m~3的最高允许浓度尚不能保护工人健康不受危害。     

陶瓷企业接尘工人肺功能研究

目的 探讨陶瓷粉尘作业工人肺功能损伤的特征。 方法 采用美能(日本) AS507型肺功能仪,测定某陶瓷厂"无尘肺"的967名接尘工人(接尘组)和197名非接尘健康工人(对照组)的肺通气功能。 结果 陶瓷粉尘总尘浓度为0.10~2.95 mg/m3,总尘浓度超标率为14.29%,呼吸性粉尘浓度超标率为3.57%;粉尘中游离SiO₂含量为21.3%~43.0%。接尘组VC、FVC、FEV 1、FEV 1%、FEF 25%和FEF 50%的数值均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。接尘组肺通气功能损伤和小气道损伤的发生率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。接尘的吸烟者VC、FEV1和FEV1%数值与非吸烟者相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。接尘工人肺通气功能损伤发生率为7.45%(72/967),其中轻度损伤者占98.61%(71/72),限制性肺通气功能损伤占97.22%(70/72)。 结论 陶瓷粉尘可引起接尘工人肺功能的损伤,其损伤程度以轻度为多,损伤类型以限制型损伤为主。肺功能损伤主要与粉尘、接尘工龄、工种和吸烟等因素有关。     

谷物粉尘对接尘工人呼吸系统影响的调查

本文对沈阳市某粮库进行了一次现场卫生学调查和接尘工人流行病学调查，发现该库生产环境空气中粉尘浓度超过国家标准．焦磷酸重量法测定粉尘中游离SiO2含量均在10％以上。接尘工人各种呼吸道症状阳性率较高，慢性支气管炎患病率为29．30％(吸烟者为30．50％，不吸烟者为22．45％)，谷物热发病率为15．61%。接尘工人FVC、V75、V50。和V25的异常率均非常显著地高于对照组。急性肺功能改变．接尘工龄不足10年组较10年以上组更明显，38例胸片无一例可诊断为尘肺。     

滑石接尘矿工呼吸系统损害的调查

对接触滑石尘５年以上的２６７名男性矿工进行了呼吸系统症状阳性率，慢性支气管炎患病率与肺功能损害的调查与分析。结果表明：不论吸烟与否，接尘组咳嗽、咯痰、胸闷，气短等呼吸系统症状阳性率、慢性支气管炎患闰率均显著高于对照组。ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１、ＭＭＦ、ＰＥＦ、Ｖ５０、Ｖ２５等指标实测值／预计值（％）较对照组明显较低，异常率明显升高。多因素分析结果表明：接尘工龄是影响肺功能损害的主要因素，即接尘工龄越长，肺     

水泥粉尘对工人肺功能影响的研究分析

目的了解水泥作业工人的肺通气功能情况,探讨接触水泥粉尘对作业者大气道及小气道通气功能的不同影响。方法设立观察组(生料组和熟料组)与对照组,测定反映肺通气功能的各项指标(VC、FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、PEFR、V50、V25),并对接尘组与对照组肺功能进行比较,同时测定历年来作业场所空气中粉尘浓度。结果FEV1、PEFR、V50生料组比对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PEFR、V50熟料组比对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而生料组与熟料组之间肺功能各项指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);接尘组的小气道功能指标中V50/H、PEFR、V50/V25、比对照组均有明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),V25/H差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);接尘工人中肺功能改变随工龄增长而明显,其中V50、FEV1出现异常时间较早,大约5年~7年,而PEFR改变则稍晚些,大约11年~13年。结论接触水泥粉尘可对作业者的肺功能产生影响,且随作业工龄的增长而增强,尤其对小气道影响明显。     

职业接触岩棉对肺通气功能及呼吸系统症状的影响

目的探讨职业性接触岩棉对肺通气功能及呼吸系统症状的影响。方法选择70名岩棉生产和加工人员作为接触组,51名空气分离企业的劳动者作为对照组。进行现场职业卫生学调查,对所有调查对象进行肺通气功能健康检查和呼吸系统症状问卷调查。结果接触组中所有岗位每班接触的纤维浓度均<1f/ml,生产线操作工和深加工班操作工每班接触的总粉尘浓度>3mg/m3。接触组FVC%和FEV1.0/FVC%均数低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);接触组中3个不同接触工龄组FVC%、FEV1.0%和FEV1.0/FVC%均数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。限制性通气功能障碍是岩棉致肺通气功能损害的主要类型,与接触工龄呈线性趋势关系(P<0.05),与吸烟未显示有关联性(P>0.05),吸烟与岩棉未显示具有联合作用(P>0.05)。接触组与对照组呼吸系统症状比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论长期接触低纤维浓度水平的岩棉,仍能够损害劳动者的肺通气功能,应控制其总粉尘浓度的接触水平。     

A longitudinal study of lung function in jute processing workers.

A 5-y follow-up study of pulmonary function was conducted in 1982 and in 1987 for 50 current and retired jute-processing workers who had been employed for more than 10 y in a jute mill in China. Control subjects, who had no history of dust or gas exposure, were selected from a paper-packing plant in the same city. Forced expiratory maneuvers were conducted in the same manner in both 1982 and 1987. The jute workers' pulmonary functions, i.e., forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1.0), and forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75%), were more compromised than were pulmonary functions in the controls for the same 5-y period; however, only the increased incidence of abnormal FEV1.0s in jute workers was statistically significant. Male jute workers had significantly higher annual decrements of FVC, FEV1.0, and FEF25-75% than did control workers. Regression analysis indicated that in 1987, predicted values of FEV1.0 and FEF25-75% for the jute workers were related to years of employment. Our results suggest that long-term exposure to jute dust could produce chronic loss of lung function.     

铸造工人接尘与肺功能下降之间的剂量效应关系

目的 探讨铸造行业粉尘的暴露与肺功能下降之间的剂量效关系。方法 70名铸造工及90名无职业危害的办公人员进行10年的追踪调查,包括常规体验和肺功能测定。根据历年粉尘浓度监测资料及工种变动记录计算累积粉尘接触量。结果 铸造工肺功能各的指标年下限值明显高于办公人员,且累积粉尘接触量大的工人其肺功能年下降值也较大。多元相关分析显示肺功能的下降与累积粉尘接触量成正相关。结论 铸造粉尘可致工人肺功能明显下降,且存在一定剂量－效应关系。     

Respiratory symptoms and lung function in jute processing workers: a primary investigation

This paper presents the results of an investigation of respiratory symptoms and lung function of 404 workers who had been exposed to jute dust in a jute mill. Measurement of total dust concentration and analysis of dust composition were also conducted. Most workers in the jute mill were exposed to jute dusts containing less than 5% silica, whereas a few workers were exposed to dusts containing approximately 10-15% silica. Male smokers and nonsmokers in the dust-exposed group had a higher prevalence of cough and chest tightness compared with those in the control group. Among dust-exposed workers, female nonsmokers had a significantly higher prevalence of cough, chronic bronchitis, chest tightness, and dyspnea than those in the control group. Lung function tests showed that dust-exposed workers had a greater incidence of abnormal lung function than did control workers, as measured by percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1.0), and FEV1.0/FVC. Dust exposure was the main cause of respiratory symptoms and abnormal values of FEV1.0, but both cigarette smoking and dust exposure contributed to the abnormal values reported for FEV1.0.     

Respiratory morbidity in wollastonite workers

Medical and environmental surveys were conducted at a wollastonite mine and mill in 1976 and in 1982. Health testing included chest radiography, spirometry, and a questionnaire. Workers at a nearby electronics plant were also examined in 1982 for a comparison of lung function and respiratory symptoms. Both wollastonite and control workers showed significant smoking effects for chronic respiratory symptoms, but differences between the groups were not detected. Pneumoconiosis was found in 3% (3/108) of the wollastonite workers in 1982, but none showed a significant progression from their 1976 radiographs. The lung function tests of the 108 wollastonite workers examined in 1982 showed dust related changes in FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak flow rate which were independent of age, height, and smoking habit (p less than 0.01). For non-smokers alone, only the FEV1/FVC ratio declined significantly with dust-years of exposure (p less than 0.01). The comparison of lung function in 1982 between a high dust exposed subgroup of wollastonite workers and the control population showed a significantly lower FEV1/FVC ratio and peak flow rate in the study group (p less than 0.05). Analysis of 1976-82 changes in pulmonary function showed that wollastonite workers with higher dust exposure had a significantly greater decline in peak flow over the period than workers with lower exposures (p less than 0.01). These data suggest that long term cumulative exposure to wollastonite may impair ventilatory capacity as reflected by changes in the FEV1/FVC ratio and peak flow rate.     

株洲市硬质合金生产企业工人肺功能状况调查

目的 了解株洲市硬质合金生产企业作业工人肺功能现状,探索硬质合金粉尘对作业工人肺功能的影响,对硬质合金生产企业工人在岗职业健康检查项目设置进行初步探讨。 方法 2016年选取湖南省株洲市2家硬质合金生产企业的426名作业工人作为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集作业工人的基本信息、职业史等;对作业工人进行肺功能检查。按照接尘与不接尘分为暴露组与对照组,暴露组根据暴露粉尘性质分为烧结前、烧结及烧结后两组,了解株洲市硬质合金生产企业各工种肺功能现状。 结果 暴露组与对照组肺功能检查结果均在正常值范围内;控制抽烟、年龄及工龄等混杂因素,与对照组相比,暴露组肺通气功能指标VC/预计值、FVC/预计值、FEV₁/预计值均显著下降(分别t=-5.69,P<0.001;t=-6.54,P<0.001;t=-6.24,P<0.001);FEV₁/FVC值显著增高(t=8.068,P<0.001),暴露组MEF_25%/预计值显著增高(t=2.79,P=0.005),MEF_50%/预计值、MMEF/预计值与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(t=-0.98,P=0.327;t=0.815,P=0.416)。烧结及烧结后工种与烧结前工种作业工人肺小气道功能指标相比较,MEF_25%/预计值、MEF_50%/预计值和MMEF/预计值均显著升高(分别t=-2.177,P=0.030;t=-2.038,P=0.042;t=-2.321,P=0.021)。 结论 硬质合金生产企业钨钴粉尘及硬质合金粉尘可导致肺通气功能指标改变;肺小气道功能指标或可成为硬质合金粉尘早期肺损伤的敏感指标;肺小气道功能检查应作为在岗职业健康检查必检项目。     

Respiratory morbidity in wollastonite workers.

Medical and environmental surveys were conducted at a wollastonite mine and mill in 1976 and in 1982. Health testing included chest radiography, spirometry, and a questionnaire. Workers at a nearby electronics plant were also examined in 1982 for a comparison of lung function and respiratory symptoms. Both wollastonite and control workers showed significant smoking effects for chronic respiratory symptoms, but differences between the groups were not detected. Pneumoconiosis was found in 3% (3/108) of the wollastonite workers in 1982, but none showed a significant progression from their 1976 radiographs. The lung function tests of the 108 wollastonite workers examined in 1982 showed dust related changes in FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak flow rate which were independent of age, height, and smoking habit (p less than 0.01). For non-smokers alone, only the FEV1/FVC ratio declined significantly with dust-years of exposure (p less than 0.01). The comparison of lung function in 1982 between a high dust exposed subgroup of wollastonite workers and the control population showed a significantly lower FEV1/FVC ratio and peak flow rate in the study group (p less than 0.05). Analysis of 1976-82 changes in pulmonary function showed that wollastonite workers with higher dust exposure had a significantly greater decline in peak flow over the period than workers with lower exposures (p less than 0.01). These data suggest that long term cumulative exposure to wollastonite may impair ventilatory capacity as reflected by changes in the FEV1/FVC ratio and peak flow rate.