脊髓纵裂1例

患者女,24岁,车祸致腰背部疼痛伴下肢麻木3h入院。查体:胸腰段棘突压触及扣击痛,双下肢运动可,躯干无明确感觉障碍平面,足背动脉搏动好,双侧股四头肌、胫前肌、拇长伸肌、小腿三头肌肌力为Ⅴ级,肌张力不高,双膝、跟腱对称,巴氏征及克氏征未引出。X线片示:胸11、12椎体呈楔行改变,建议进一步检查除外骨折。CT示:胸10~12椎体形态异常,前后径小,椎体及附件未见骨折,胸11椎体前缘见裂隙影,周围见骨质硬化(图1),椎管内见平行排列的两个圆形软组织密度影。MRI示:胸9、11、12椎体形态不规则,胸11椎体见异常信号影,T1WI、T2WI均呈低信号,FST2…     

MRI诊断腰椎管内副神经节瘤一例

正患者25岁,腰痛伴左下肢放射痛2个月加重3 d入院。于入院前2个月无明显诱因出现腰痛,伴左下肢放射痛,影响行走,无低热、盗汗、夜重昼轻等不适,休息或平卧后症状稍减轻,与天气变化无关,后有出现右下肢放射痛。MRI:腰3~4椎体层面椎管内可见椭圆形等T1、稍长T2信号灶,大小约1.3 cm×2.7 cm,界限清,STIR呈稍高信号,增强扫描明显均匀强化,局部终丝受压推移,瘤体周围见异常粗大血管影(图1)。行椎管     

自发性脊髓硬膜外血肿MRI诊断

目的:探讨自发性脊髓硬膜外血肿MRI表现及其鉴别诊断。材料与方法:9例自发性脊髓硬膜外血肿,男4例,女5例,年龄9~57岁,平均36岁。所有病例均无明确外伤史。常规行SE T1WI矢状位及轴位,T2WI矢状位及轴位。7例注射Gd-DTPA行增强扫描。结果:9例自发性脊髓硬膜外血肿中,位于椎管内背侧8例,仅1例位于椎管内腹侧,累及3~5个椎体节段,平均4个椎体节段。颈段4例,颈胸段4例,腰段1例。血肿呈新月形及长条状。3例血肿呈T1WI及T2WI高信号,4例血肿T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈高信号。2例T1WI及T2WI均呈等高混杂信号。血肿与脊髓间T1WI及T2WI均可见低信号线相隔,以T2WI明显。增强扫描3例见血肿壁强化,4例未见强化。结论:MRI是自发性脊髓硬膜外血肿最佳检查方法,可清楚显示血肿部位、范围、血肿的新旧程度及脊髓受压受损情况。     

先天性脊柱侧突合并脊髓纵裂畸形1例

患者,女,13岁,因发现脊柱侧突畸形5年就诊。查体:脊椎胸腰段向右侧弯,无下肢异常,无大小便障碍,腰背部无软组织包块。行CT检查,发现腰段椎管内中部有呈矢状前后行高密度线状分隔,两侧为类圆形软组织影,因疑脊髓纵裂畸形,遂行MRI检查,确诊为先天性脊柱侧突合并脊髓纵裂畸形。影像学表现:CT片,T12~L1水平见矢状前后行高密度线状影,前起椎体后缘,后止椎板,有棘状突起,贯穿椎管(图1)。图1.CT:胸腰段脊柱侧突并脊髓纵裂畸形,T12~L1水平,见矢状行高密度线状影(箭),贯穿椎管MRI片,于相同层面,显示双硬脊膜囊与双脊髓,即脊髓在正中处一分为二,有各自的硬脊膜和蛛网膜下腔,两者之间有低信号的骨性分隔分开(图2)。讨论:脊髓纵裂(diastematomyelia)指脊髓或马尾神经被纤维性、软骨性或骨性间隔呈节段性矢状分裂,多伴背部皮肤异常,为先天性脊柱畸形的并发症,临床上较少见,可有或无症状[1,2]。随着影像学技术的发展,该病发现率增多。临床上,病人多有背部皮肤异常,且多与脊髓纵裂在同一水平,此为该病的一大特征。神经损害多累及单侧或双侧下肢,直肠膀胱括约肌功能,随着年龄的增长而发展加重,所以,一旦确诊应尽早...     

急性自发性椎管内出血MRI检查误诊一例

1病例资料男,66岁。因四肢瘫痪13小时入院。患者13小时前无明显诱因突然出现四肢瘫痪,但意识清晰,无胸闷、气短。神经系统检查:脊柱生理曲度正常,自胸2椎体水平以下痛触觉消失,腹壁反射消失,全身皮肤温度正常。双上下肢感觉消失,肌力0级,肌张力尚正常,双侧肱二、三头肌肌腱反射消失,双侧膝、跟腱反射消失,鞍区感觉、提睾反射及肛门反射消失。入院诊断:椎管肿瘤;高血压病2级;高位截瘫。颈髓MR I示:颈2~5椎体水平椎管内硬膜外可见梭状占位,呈等T1、稍长T2信号影,边界清楚,大小约4 cm×1 cm×1 cm(见图1)。病灶位于椎管右侧,脊髓受压变细向左…     

腰椎副神经节瘤三例并文献复习

<正>病例1:患者女性,45岁,以间断右下肢疼痛1年,伴活动障碍2个月为主诉入院,入院后体格检查:双下肢肌力3级,双下肢肌张力减低,膝反射、肱二头肌及肱三头肌反射正常,小腿平面深浅感觉减退,右侧为重。入院腰椎MRI提示(图1):椎管内多发占位病变,腰3椎体水平椎管内见等T1稍长T2信号影,大小约1.9 cm×1.4 cm×3.2 cm,边界清楚,增强扫描明显不均匀强化,内见囊状不强化区。腰2椎体水平椎管后方见条状稍短T1短T2信号,大小约1.7 cm×0.5 cm×0.4 cm,增强扫描内见少量点片状强化。行后正中入路椎管内占位病变切除术,术中见肿瘤组织位于马尾神经之间,发生于脊神经,与部分马尾神经     

脊髓空洞症合并Charcot关节病1例

患者女,47岁,左手麻木1个月,否认糖尿病及梅毒病史.查体:左肘关节显著肿胀,可触及囊性包块,无明显疼痛及功能障碍;左上肢反射减退,肌张力减低,皮肤感觉迟钝;右上肢及双下肢肌张力正常.血清学及脑脊液检查正常.CT:左肘关节对应关系紊乱,关节间隙变窄,相邻骨结构密度增高,关节内及周围可见多发大小不一、边缘规则或不规则的骨块影及钙化影,周围软组织肿胀(图1);考虑左肘Charcot关节病.颈椎MRI:于C2～T3椎体水平颈段脊髓稍增粗,内可见条形长T1长T2异常信号,长轴与脊髓长轴平行,边界清晰,信号较均匀(图2);考虑C2～T3脊髓空洞.综合临床诊断为脊髓空洞合并左肘Charcot关节病.     

脊髓圆椎内畸胎瘤1例

病例男,26岁,于2年前无明显诱因出现右下肢无力.近1月来患者右下肢无力、麻木加重,肌肉萎缩.脊髓MRI检查:T12～L1椎体平面局部椎管轻度膨大,脊髓圆椎内见约1.3cmx3.1cm大小椭圆形混杂信号病灶,边缘有包膜,病灶上部分呈蘑菇状,T1WI及T2WI均呈明显高信号,T2脂肪抑制序列呈明显低信号,下部分T1WI呈不均匀稍高信号,T2WI及T2脂肪抑制序列呈不均匀高信号(图1～3),增强后包膜有强化,包膜内未见明显强化(图4).MRI诊断:髓内畸胎瘤.     

脊髓纵裂合并脊髓栓系1例

患者女,49岁,腰痛,双下肢无力10余年加重5天来诊.查体:腰椎曲度变直,无侧突及活动受限,双下肢肌力下降,感觉减退.CT轴位平扫,骨窗显示腰3,4椎间盘水平椎管内纵行完整骨间隔,把椎管、脊髓分为左右两部分,局部椎管横径扩大,双棘突畸形.诊断:脊髓纵裂并双棘突畸形(图1).     

脊髓蛛网膜囊肿1例

<正>患者女,38岁,主因腰骶部疼痛2年,左下肢活动障碍1年,二便费力半个月入院。患者于2年前感腰骶部疼痛,呈进行性加重,曾于沈阳军区医院行腰MRI示:椎管内占位,未予诊治。口服止疼药维持,后左下肢疼痛不能行     

持续性脊髓压迫对脊髓损伤程度的影响

目的 探讨脊髓损伤(SCI)后脊髓压迫时间对损伤程度的影响。方法 以大脑皮层诱发电位(CSEP)和不同压迫时间为参数,自行设计一种犬的运动—静止压迫型SCI模型,选择T13为损伤中心,压迫脊髓,当 CSEP波幅下降达基础值的 50%时,维持静止压迫。将28只犬随机分为A、B、C、D 4组,A、B、C组脊髓分别受压30 min、90 min和180 min,D组为对照组,观察各组动物的组织病理学、影像学和行为学变化。结果 损伤组脊髓组织学均有损害,MRI显示损害程度随脊髓受压时间的延长逐渐加重( P<0.01);至术后28 d,各损伤组动物后肢功能均有恢复,BBB分级评分法评估组间有显著性差异( P <0.05)。结论 SCI后持续性脊髓压迫能加重损伤程度,应尽早解除脊髓压迫。     

Spinal cord injury pain.

Awareness that SCI pain is common emerged during the past decade. However, there are a number of unresolved issues. There is a need for variety of experimental models to reflect diversity of SCI pains. Current classification is not as user-friendly as it should be. More attention should be given to a condition of the spinal cord below and above the SCI lesion. A consensus for what is an optimal SCI functional assessment for patients with sensory complaints and pain should be developed. Further extensive SCI pain research is needed prior to spinal cord regeneration trials in order to be able to cope with a potential for newly developed pains that may appear during incomplete spinal cord regenerative attempts.     

胚胎脊髓对损伤脊髓的修复作用研究

目的探讨不同条件下胚胎脊髓移值修复成鼠急性脊髓损伤(SCI)的能力。方法成鼠胸髓损伤后分别移植孕14d胚胎脊髓(FSC组)、游离正中神经加胚胎脊髓(P＋F组)、带血管蒂正中神经加胚胎脊髓(V＋F组),术后8周行组织学检查。结果V＋F组胚胎脊髓与受体融合佳,体积增长速度、神经纤维和神经元数目显著高于P＋F、FSC组（P<0.01）,细胞分化比较好,突触较成熟,界面区也无明显的胶质增生。结论带血管蒂周围胚胎脊髓联合移植,对FSC的生长发育、对损伤神经元的再生能力均有一定的促进作用。     

人脐血单个核细胞和脐带间充质干细胞移植用于大鼠脊髓损伤的实验研究

目的:探讨人脐血单个核细胞和脐带间充质干细胞(MSCs)移植对脊髓损伤功能恢复的影响,寻找一种更适合治疗脊髓损伤的细胞源。方法:采集新鲜人脐带血和脐带,分离培养单个核细胞和MSCs。将脊髓损伤模型随机分成3组:单个核细胞移植组、MSCs移植组和低糖必需培养基(L-DMEM)培养组。采用免疫组化和免疫荧光检测细胞移植后1—4周细胞在脊髓内的存活情况和迁移情况,使用BBB行为学评分评估大鼠脊髓功能恢复情况。结果:L-DMEM培养液组在术后各时间点观察评分无明显差异,而细胞移植组脊髓功能处于逐渐恢复过程,与L-DMEM培养液比较,差异有显著性意义。单个核细胞移植组对损伤脊髓功能的修复作用较MSCs移植组显著,且差异有显著性意义。结论:与MSCs相比较,人脐血单个核细胞更适合作为治疗脊髓损伤的细胞源。     

大鼠脊髓急性损伤后血流动力学变化的光学监测

目的 观察脊髓损伤后血流动力学的变化,探讨脊髓损伤的血流动力学机制.方法 雌性SD大鼠20只,分为对照组和损伤组,每组10只.Nystrom法制造大鼠脊髓(T10-11)中度压迫性损伤模型.利用激光散斑成像系统监测大鼠脊髓损伤后第10分钟、30分钟、1小时、2小时、3小时、6小时背部血管内的血流速度和血流量以及血管管径的变化.结果 对照组大鼠各时间点血管内的血流速度、血流量以及血管管径均较稳定,无明显波动.损伤组大鼠各项指标均低于对照组.结论 激光散斑成像技术可以用于监测脊髓血流动力学的变化;急性脊髓损伤后血流动力学的变化提示进行性的"创伤后缺血",静脉回流受阻可能是引起创伤后缺血的一个重要因素.     

The spinal cord independence measure: how much change is clinically significant for spinal cord injury subjects

Abstract

Purpose: To calculate the clinical significance of the SCIM III according to distribution-based approaches. Method: Retrospective review of the charts of 255 patients with registration of the total SCIM and of the four subscales. Clinical significance was calculated per several distribution-based approaches. The calculated clinical significance was compared with improvements by the patients to determine the percentage of patients who achieved significant improvement. Results: An improvement of at least 4 points of the total SCIM is needed to obtain a small significant improvement and of 10 points to obtain a substantial improvement. Based on these results, the percentages of patients who achieved an improvement varied from 60% to 100%. Conclusions: The results provide benchmarks for clinicians and researchers to interpret whether patients’ change score on the SCIM III can be interpreted as true or clinically meaningful and to make clinical judgments about the patients’ progress.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• An improvement of at least four points of the total SCIM is needed to obtain a small significant improvement and of 10 points to obtain a substantial improvement.

• The results provide benchmarks for clinicians and researchers to interpret whether patients’ change score on the SCIM III can be interpreted as true or clinically meaningful and to make clinical judgments about the patients’ progress.

     

Umbilical cord blood: Current uses for transfusion and regenerative medicine

The past 20 years of experience with umbilical cord blood transplantation have demonstrated that cord blood is effective in the treatment of a spectrum of diseases, including hematological malignancies, bone marrow failure, hemoglobinopathies, and inborn errors of metabolism. However, only a few number of umbilical cord blood units collected have a cell content adequate for an allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In the meanwhile, there is an increasing interest in exploiting cord blood derivatives in different fields. In this review, we will summarize the most recent updates on clinical applications of umbilical cord blood platelet derivatives for regenerative medicine, and we will revise the literature concerning the use of umbilical cord blood for autologous or allogeneic transfusion purposes. The methodological aspect and the biological characteristics of these products also will be discussed.     

Atypical presentation of intramedullary spinal cord lesion

We report a patient who presented with atypical clinical manifestations including worsening abdominal pain from an intramedullary spinal cord lesion. It is important to consider non‐abdominal causes of abdominal pain for patients with an atypical presentation. The described case demonstrates the challenges facing the physician with the early diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. Spinal cord lesions, although uncommon, remain a potentially disabling and life‐threatening cause of abdominal pain.     

胚胎脊髓移植联合应用bFGF对脊髓神经组织损伤的早期保护作用

目的 探讨脊髓损伤后,联合应用胚胎脊髓（FSC）移植和外源性碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）对损伤脊髓组织早期Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋的影响.方法利用Wistar大鼠建立脊髓损伤模型;造模后,A组经蛛网膜下腔导管注入5 ml FSC细胞悬液;B组注入20 μl bFGF与FSC细胞悬液;C组（对照组）不做处理.术后6 h、24 h取A组、B组和C组动物损伤区脊髓组织测定水和Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋含量;术后5 d取损伤脊髓组织电镜下观察结构变化.结果 C组损伤区脊髓组织水含量增多,Ca^2＋水平升高,Mg^2＋水平下降,白质内髓鞘结构紊乱,囊性变严重;A组和B组上述变化均较C组改善.结论脊髓损伤后应用FSC移植和bFGF可减轻离子失衡,从而对继发性损害有抑制作用.