大鼠三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核和脊髓向丘脑和臂旁核的谷氨酸能投射

本研究用荧光金逆行追踪与免疫荧光组比技术相结合的方法,对大鼠三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核和脊髓向丘脑和臂旁核的谷氨酸能投射进行了观察。磷酸激活的谷氨酸胺酶（PAG）是谷氨酸能神经元的特异性标识物。PAG样阳性胞体主要位于三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核和颈髓背角的Ⅰ层,少量PAG样阳性胞体也见于它们的Ⅱ层外侧部及外侧网状核。将荧光金注入丘脑腹基底复合体后．荧光金逆标神经元主要见于对侧三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核和颈髓背角的Ⅰ层及外侧网状核;将荧光金注入臂旁核后,荧光金逆标神经元也主要见于对侧三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核和颈髓背角的Ⅰ层及外侧网状核。三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核向丘脑腹基底复合体投射神经元的12．4％,向臂旁核投射神经元的13．2％呈PAG样阳性;颈髓背角浅层向丘脑瓜基底复合体投射神经元的12．7％,向臂旁核投射神经元的14．3％呈PAG样阳性。向丘脑腹基底复合体和臂旁核投射的PAG／荧光金双标神经元分别占三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核浅层内PAG样阳性神经元总数的13％和24．6％,向丘脑腹基底复合体和臂旁核投射的PAG／荧光金双标神经元分别占颈髓背角浅层内PAG样阳性神经元总数的11．6％和30．1％。外侧网状核内的部分PAG样阳性神经元也向丘脑腹基底复合体或臂旁核投射。Ⅰ层内的双?     

大鼠三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核和脊髓向丘脑和臂旁核的强啡肽能和…

本文用荧光金逆行追踪与免疫荧光组化染色相结合的方法，对大鼠三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核和颈髓背角浅层向丘脑腹基底复合体和臂旁核的强啡肽能和ＮＯ能投射进行了研究。强啡肽原前体样阳性胞体主要位于尾侧亚核和颈髓背角的Ｉ层和Ⅱ层外侧部；ＮＯＳ样阳性胞体主要位于尾侧亚核和颈髓背角Ⅱ层，Ｉ层较少，将荧光金注入丘脑腹基底复合体后，逆标神经元主要见于同侧尾侧亚核和颈髓背角的Ｉ、Ⅱ层，少量位于外侧网状核。尾侧亚核向丘脑腹     

大鼠延髓背角Ⅱ层神经元向臂旁区、延髓尾侧腹外侧区和脊髓的投射

将逆行追踪剂荧光金分别注入大鼠一侧臂旁区、延髓尾侧腹外侧区和颈髓第四节段 ,观察到延髓背角浅层 ( 、 层 )向上述部位均有投射 , 层外侧部的投射神经元多于 层内侧部。臂旁区接受双侧延髓背角浅层的投射 ,但以同侧为主 ;延髓尾侧腹外侧区和第 4颈髓接受同侧延髓背角浅层神经元的投射但延髓背角浅层向第 4颈髓投射的神经元数量较少。结合免疫荧光组织化学研究表明 , 层向臂旁区和延髓尾侧腹外侧区投射的神经元部分呈 calbindin-D2 8k样阳性 ,而未见呈 parvalbumin样阳性者。向第 4颈髓投射的 层神经元数量很少 ,未见有呈 calbindin-D2 8K和 parvalbumin样阳性者。本研究结果进一步支持 层有传出投射的观点 ,也提示 层的 calbindin-D2 8K样和 parvalbumin样阳性神经元可能分别属于不同的细胞亚群。     

大鼠三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核和颈髓后角浅层向丘脑和臂旁核的谷氨酸能、强啡肽能和NO能投射

三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核（Vc）和脊髓后角浅层（Ⅰ层和Ⅱ层）主要接受无髓和薄髓初级传入纤维，是伤害性刺激信息向中枢传递的初级门户，再经其内的伤害性感受神经元将伤害性刺激信息向丘脑传递。丘脑内接受伤害性刺激的特异性核团主要是腹后内侧核（VPM）和腹后外侧核（VPL），此二核合称腹侧基底复合体（VentrobasalComplex）。近年的研究还发现臂旁核也是Vc和脊髓后角浅层上行投射的重要中继站，与伤害性刺激信息的传导有密切关系。中脑导水管周围灰质、中维大核（NRM）等发出的下行5－HT能投射主要终止在VC和脊髓后角的浅层，对…     

大鼠三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核向三叉神经感觉核簇其它核团的投射:兼论胶状质投射神经元的存在

将逆行追踪剂荧光金分别注射到三叉神经感觉主核、三叉神经脊束核吻侧亚核和极间亚核,观察到尾侧亚核Ⅰ～Ⅴ层的神经元均向同侧上述核团发出上行投射。值得注意的是尾侧亚核Ⅱ层（胶状质）也有神经元向上述各核团投射。结合免疫荧光组织化学研究表明,在尾侧亚核浅层（Ⅰ、Ⅱ层）约10％～30％荧光金逆标神经元呈calbindin－D28k样阳性．而在浅层仅偶见荧光金逆标神经元呈parvalbumin样阳性者。本研究的结果进一步支持Ⅱ层神经元有传出投射的观点,也提示calbindin－D28k样阳性神经元和parvalbumin样阳性神经元在尾侧亚核浅层可能分别代表着具有不同特性的两类神经元。     

大鼠延髓背角Ⅱ层神经元向臂旁区,延髓尾侧腹外侧区和肖？…

将逆行追踪剂荧光金分别注入大鼠一侧臂旁区、延髓尾侧腹外侧区和颈髓第四节段，观察到延髓背角浅层（Ⅰ、Ⅱ层）向上述部位均有投射，Ⅱ层外侧部的投射神经元多于Ⅱ层内侧部。臂旁区接受双侧延髓背角浅层的投射，但以同侧为主；延髓尾侧腹外侧区和第４颈髓接受同侧延髓前角浅层神经元的投射但延髓背角浅层向第４颈髓投射的神经元数量较少。结合免疫荧光组织化学研究表明，Ⅱ层向臂旁区和延髓尾侧腹外侧区投射的神经元部分呈ｃａｌｂ     

大鼠三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核Ⅱ层内CB样、PV样阳性终末与向臂旁核投射神经元的突触联系

为了观察三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核 层神经元与向臂旁核投射神经元的突触关系 ,选用 Calbindin D-2 8k和 Parvalbu-min作为标志物 ,采用 HRP逆行追踪与免疫组织化学技术相结合的双重反应技术对 层内的 Calbindin D-2 8k样和 Parvalbumin样阳性神经元与三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核向臂旁核投射神经元之间的突触联系进行了观察。HRP注入臂旁核后 ,逆标神经元主要位于同侧三叉尾侧亚核 层至 层。Calbindin D-2 8k和 Parvalbumin样阳性胞体、纤维和终末主要集中在 层内侧带。电镜下观察 ,此二者的阳性反应产物呈弥散分布 ;两者的阳性终末与 HRP逆标神经元的胞体和树突之间主要形成轴 -树突触 ,偶见轴 -体突触 ;Calbindin D-2 8k样阳性终末与 HRP逆标神经元的树突形成的非对称性突触占 83% ,Parvalbumin样阳性终末与 HRP逆标神经元的树突形成的对称性突触占 85 %。此外 ,还观察到参与突触小球组成的初级传入纤维终末与 HRP逆标神经元的树突形成突触联系。以上结果提示 :(1)三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核 层的 Calbindin D-2 8k样或 Parvalbumin样阳性神经元可通过突触传递机制对三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核向臂旁核投射的神经元进行调控 ,影响外周伤害性信息向上位脑结构的传递 ;(2 )三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核向臂旁核投?     

大鼠三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核内向丘脑或臂旁核投射神经元与5-HT样和SP样终末间的联系:激光共聚焦显微镜研究(英文)

用免疫荧光组织化学三重染色技术观察了大鼠三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核（Vc）浅层（Ⅰ层和Ⅱ层）内向丘脑或臂旁核投射的神经元与下行性5-HT样和初级传入的SP样终末之间的联系。将四甲基罗达明（TMR-DA）注入大鼠丘脑或臂旁核,在Vc的Ⅰ、Ⅱ层内可见TMR－DA逆标神经元,主要位于VcⅠ层。在Vc浅层内还可观察到大量的5－HT样和SP样免疫荧光组织化学染色阳性纤维和终未,5－HT样阳性纤维有较多的膨体。Vc内的这些向丘脑或臂旁核投射的TMR－DA逆标神经元与5－HT样和SP样阳性纤维和终末的分布区基本上重叠。在激光共聚焦显微镜下可以看到5－HT样和SP样阳性终末在Vc浅层内分别围绕TMR－DA逆标神经元的胞体和树突的周围并与之形成密切接触;并且观察到5－HT样和SP样阳性终末同时与TMR－DA逆标神经无形成直接的密切接触。提示Vc浅层向丘脑和臂旁核投射的神经元不仅接受外周初级传入的伤害性信息,还接受下行性5-HT能投射纤维的调控。     

大鼠三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核Ⅱ层内CB样、PV样阳性终末与向臂旁核投身射神经元的突触联系

为了观察三叉神经脊束核尾亚核Ⅱ层神经元与向臂旁核投射神经元的突触关系,选用Calbindin D-28k和Parvalbu-min作为标志物,采用HRP逆行追踪与免疫组织化学技术相结合的双重反应技术对Ⅱ层内的Calbindin D-28k样和Parvalbumin要位于同侧三叉尾侧亚核Ⅰ屋至Ⅲ层。Calbindin D-28k和Parvalbumin样阳性胞体、纤维和终末主要集中在Ⅱ层内侧带,电镜下观察,此二者的阳性反应产物呈弥散分布;两者的阳性终末与HRP逆标神经元的胞体和树突之间主要形成轴－树突触,偶见轴体突触;CalbindinD-28k样阳性终末与HRP逆标神经元的树突形成的对称性触占85％。此外,还观察到参与突触小球组成的初级传入纤维终末与HRP逆标神经元的树突形成突触联系。以上结果显示：（1）三叉脊束核尾侧亚核Ⅱ层的Calbindin D-28k样或Parvalbumin样阳性神经元可通过突触机制对三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核向臂旁核投射的神经元进行调控,影响外周伤害性信息向上位脑结构的传递;（2）三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核向臂旁核投射的神圣凶可能参与面口部伤害性信息的直接传递。     

大鼠延髓背角内GABA或甘氨酸免疫阳性终末与Fos阳性投射神经元的联系

目的　观察大鼠延髓背角 (MDH)内向丘脑或臂旁核投射的Fos阳性神经元与γ 氨基丁酸 (GABA)或甘氨酸 (Gly)阳性终末的联系。　方法　四甲基罗达明 (TMR)逆行追踪结合TMR、Fos、GABA或Gly的免疫荧光三重染色技术。　结果　GABA或Gly阳性终末主要分布于延髓背角浅层 (Ⅰ、Ⅱ层 ) ;给予面口部痛刺激后 ,Fos阳性神经元也主要分布于浅层 ;TMR注入一侧丘脑或臂旁核 ,逆标神经元分别主要见于对侧或同侧MDH的浅层 ;部分逆标神经元呈Fos阳性 ;GABA或Gly阳性终末与Fos阳性投射神经元形成密切接触。　结论　MDH内感受面口部伤害性刺激信息的部分神经元向丘脑或臂旁核投射 ,GABA或Gly可能对这些伤害性感受神经元发挥抑制作用。     

大鼠脊髓背角向丘脑和外侧臂旁核的神经降压素能投射

本研究应用荧光金(FG)逆行追踪结合神经降压素(NT)免疫荧光组织化学染色的双标记技术,观察了大鼠脊髓背角向丘脑(TH)和外侧臂旁核(LPb)的NT能投射。将FG注入一侧TH或LPb后,FG逆标神经元主要见于脊髓背角的I层;NT阳性神经元主要分布于脊髓背角的I层、II层外侧部及II层内侧部与III层交界处;脊髓背角I层内可观察到FG逆标记并呈NT阳性的双标记神经元。上述结果表明脊髓背角I层的NT阳性神经元向TH和LPb投射,提示脊髓背角I层内的NT阳性神经元可能向TH和LPb传递伤害性信息。     

一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元及纤维在大鼠脊髓的分布及其来源

用还原型尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷磷酸(NADPH)脱氢酶反应观察了大鼠脊髓内一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元和纤维的分布。胞体浓染且突起显示良好的类似Golgi染色的阳性神经元分布于亘脊髓全长的中央管周围灰质(X层),胸腰髓(T1-L3)的中间带外侧核、中介核及腰骶髓(L6、S1)的骶髓副交感核和后连合核,少量弥散于后角Ⅳ～Ⅵ层。后角Ⅲ层内可见较多的胞体浓染或淡染但突起短或未见阳性突起的小型神经元。前角内无阳性神经元,但有较多串珠状阳性终末支,并在运动神经元胞体和树突上形成终扣。阳性纤维和终末在后角Ⅰ层和Ⅲ层密集,其它部位稀少。在胸腰段和腰骶段脊髓后角内、外侧缘有行向腹侧的内、外侧阳性纤维束,外侧束集中而粗大,阳性纤维束终止于中间带外侧核和后连合核。切断后根和半横断颈髓的实验表明,后角Ⅰ层的阳性纤维和终末主要来源于脊神经节内一氧化氮合酶阳性细胞的中枢突,而Ⅲ层内的阳性纤维和终末则为Ⅲ层和后角深层阳性细胞的突起。结合文献和本文结果可以推断,一氧化氮在躯体和内脏感觉的传入过程及内脏传出活动中是一种重要的活性物质。     

大鼠脊髓背角内FOS和NDP阳性神经元的分布与联系(英文)

本文应用还原性尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶（NDP）组织化学和原癌即刻早期基因c-fos表达产物Fos免疫细 胞化学方法，观察了大鼠脊髓背角内 NDP和 Fos阳性神经元的分布与联系。一侧足跖部皮下注射福尔马林后，同侧背角内可见大量Fos阳性细胞，而对侧背角内未见或偶见Fos阳性细胞。在背角各层中，大多数Fos阳性细胞分布于Ⅰ层及Ⅱ层外带的内侧部．背角内也可见大量NDP阳性胞体，纤维和终末，密集分布于Ⅱ层内带。双标结果说明部分背用内的Fos阳性细胞也是NDP阳性，双标神经元主要分布于区层的内侧部。在Ⅱ层内，Fos阳性细胞周围常有NDP阳性纤维和终末分布，部分NDP阳性终未直接附着干Fos阳性细胞膜上。本文结果为NO参与脊髓内伤害性刺激信息传递过程提供了形态学证据。     

内脏大神经初级传入神经元向中枢投射的光镜和电镜研究——CT-HRP跨神经节运送法

用猫20只,于内脏大神经注射CT—HRP,对初级传入在中枢内的投射进行了光、电镜观察。光镜下,内脏初级传入神经元的中枢投射纤维主要经Lissauer's束到脊髓后角边缘,部分可能终止于Ⅰ层,大部分分为内、外侧束包绕灰质后角边缘由浅部板层向深部板层进入Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅹ层。内侧束可能有部分上升到薄束核。电镜观察,在Ⅰ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅹ层看到标记的轴突末梢且可直接与交感节前神经元形成突触。本文还对内脏传入通路进行了讨论并认为交感传入纤维可能经脊髓后角神经元中继上传至孤束核。     

Propriospinal neurons with ascending collaterals to the dorsal medulla,the thalamus and the tectum: a retrograde fluorescent double-labeling study of the cervical cord of the rat

Summary Branching neurons with descending propriospinal collaterals and ascending collaterals to the dorsal medulla, the thalamus and the tectum were studied in the rat's cervical spinal cord (C1–C8), using the retrograde fluorescent double-labeling technique: Diamidino Yellow Dihydrochloride (DY) was injected in the cord at T2, True Blue (TB) was injected in the brain stem. DY-labeled descending propriospinal neurons were present in all laminae, except lamina IX. They were concentrated in lamina I, laminae IV to VIII, and in the lateral spinal nucleus, LSN. TB-labeled neurons projecting to the dorsal medulla were concentrated in lamina IV and the medial parts of laminae V and VI (probably representing postsynaptic dorsal column — PSDC — neurons), but were also present in lamina I, the LSN, the lateral dorsal horn, and in laminae VII and VIII. DY-TB double-labeled neurons giving rise to both a descending propriospinal collateral and an ascending collateral to the dorsal medulla were intermingled with the TB single-labeled neurons. About 4% of the descending propriospinal neurons gave rise to an ascending collateral to the dorsal column nuclei; these double-labeled cells constitute a sizable fraction (10%) of the PSDC neurons. TB-labeled spinothalamic and spinotectal neurons were located in lamina I, the lateral cervical nucleus (LCN), the LSN, the lateral lamina V, lamina VII and VIII, lamina X and in the spinal extensions of the dorsal column nuclei, predominantly contralateral to the TB injections. DY-TB double-labeled neurons were present throughout C1–C8 in the LSN, lateral lamina V, lamina VIII, ventromedial lamina VII, and lamina X. Only very few were observed in lamina I and the LCN, and none in the spinal extensions of the dorsal column nuclei. The double-labeled neurons constituted only a minor fraction of all labeled neurons; 3–5% of the spinothalamic neurons and about 1–7% of the spinotectal neurons were double-labeled. Conversely, only about 1% of the labeled descending propriospinal neurons gave rise to an ascending spinothalamic collateral, and even fewer (0.1 to 0.6%) to a collateral to the dorsal midbrain. The LSN displayed the highest relative content of branching neurons. Up to 20% of its ascending spinothalamic and spinotectal neurons and up to 8% of its descending propriospinal neurons were found to be branching neurons, indicating that the LSN constitutes an unique cell-group in the rat spinal cord.     

Somatic noxious mechanical stimulation induces Fos expression in the postsynaptic dorsal column neurons in laminae III and IV of the rat spinal dorsal horn

This study was conducted to ascertain the possible expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-LI) in the postsynaptic dorsal column (PSDC) neurons in response to noxious mechanical stimulation of the forepaw glabrous area of normal rats. For this purpose, Fos immunohistochemistry along with Fluoro-Gold (FG) retrograde tracing was utilized. After repeated noxious pinching of the forepaw glabrous area, there was a marked increase in number of Fos-LI neurons in the dorsal horn, including Rexed's laminae III and IV, at C5-T1 spinal cord segments ipsilateral to the stimulation. Between segments C5 and T1, about 40% of the Fos-LI neurons in laminae III and IV were distributed at segment C7. In the rats subjected to the noxious pinch coupled with FG injection into the right cuneate nucleus, PSDC neurons double labeled with Fos and FG were localized in the ipsilateral laminae III and IV extending from segment C5 to T1, with about 70% of them distributed at segments C6 and C7. At segment C6 or C7, double-labeled neurons made up about 10% of the PSDC neurons that projected their axons to the cuneate nucleus. Most of the double-labeled neurons appeared fusiform with their primary dendrites projected dorso-ventrally. The present results suggest that the morphologically distinct, subclasses of PSDC neurons in spinal laminae III and IV may contribute to the central transmission of mechanical nociceptive information through the dorsal column into the cuneate nucleus.     

Projections from the paratrigeminal nucleus and the medullary and spinal dorsal horns to the peribrachial area in the cat

The projections from the medullary and spinal dorsal horns to the dorsolateral pons were investigated in the cat utilizing both the retrograde and anterograde transport of a wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase complex and the retrograde transport of the fluorescent dyes Fast Blue and Nuclear Yellow. After injections of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase into the area surrounding the brachium conjunctivum, numerous neurons were labeled ipsilaterally near levels of the obex in the paratrigeminal nucleus. Such neurons were located in connected pockets of neuropil located within the spinal trigeminal tract and along its medial edge. Most of the neurons labeled in the dorsal horns after such injections were found in lamina I. Those found in the medullary dorsal horn were mostly ipsilateral to the injection while those in the spinal dorsal horn were found bilaterally. Some labeled neurons were also found in lamina V of both the medullary and spinal dorsal horns bilaterally. When the injection was centered in either the medial parabrachial nucleus or the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, a greater number of neurons were labeled ipsilaterally in lamina V of the medullary dorsal horn. Since neurons in lamina I of the medullary dorsal horn also project to the medial thalamus, fluorescent dyes were used to determine if the same neuron might project to both targets. Fast Blue was first injected into either the peribrachial area or the medial thalamus. After an appropriate period, Nuclear Yellow was injected into that target not injected first with Fast Blue. The injection of Nuclear Yellow was always placed on the side of the brain opposite to the first injection. Both dyes were transported retrogradely and were found in neurons located in lamina I of the medullary dorsal horn. However, no double-labeled neurons were seen. In general those labeled after injections of the medial thalamus were more superficial than those labeled after injections of the dorsolateral pons. The anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase was used to determine the termination of the projections from neurons in the medulary dorsal horn and the cervical spinal cord to the peribrachial area. After injections into these areas a moderate to sparse labeling of the lateral parabrachial nucleus and the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus was seen. It was mostly ipsilateral in cases with injections of the medullary dorsal horn but was bilateral following injections into the cervical enlargement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Evidence that dopamine‐beta‐hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons in the lateral reticular nucleus project to the spinal cord in the rat

The existence of noradrenergic projections from the lateral reticular nucleus (LRt) to the dorsal quadrant of cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spinal cord was investigated using a combined method of WGA‐apo‐HRP‐gold retrograde tracing and dopamine‐beta‐hydroxylase (DBH) immunocytochemistry. Preliminary retrograde tracing studies indicated that LRt neurons projecting to cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spinal cord were characteristically located near the perimeter of the LRt. Double‐labeling experiments demonstrated that a portion of these peripherally‐located, spinal‐projecting neurons were DBH‐immunoreactive. Double‐labeled neurons were also located at the parvocellular division of the contralateral LRt in the thoracic injection cases. Double‐labeled neurons were not observed at the subtrigeminal division in cervical, thoracic, or lumbar injection case. The results suggest the possibility that the noradrenergic LRt‐spinal pathway might be involved in a variety of pain processing and cardiovascular regulatory functions in the rat. Anat Rec 263:269–279, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.