Prevalence and Correlates of Metabolic Syndrome in the Adolescents of Rural Wardha

Background and Objective:

Metabolic syndrome is a major concern as a precursor of cardiometabolic diseases. The present study was designed to study the magnitude and correlates of metabolic syndrome among the adolescents of rural Wardha.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out among the adolescents (10-19 years) of Anji PHC. A sample of 405 was selected by random sampling from the sampling frame available with department of Community Medicine. We collected data about their sociodemographic variables and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Fasting blood sample was collected to measure lipid profile and blood glucose. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and waist circumference) were also taken.

Results:

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome using ATP-III criteria modified for adolescents was found to be 9.9% (95% CI: 7.3-13.1) in the study population and lower level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was found with a prevalence of 58.3% (95% CI: 53.4-63.0). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the presence of obesity and hypertension among family members.

Interpretation:

There was a moderately high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among rural adolescents.

Conclusion:

The early identification of cardiometabolic risk factors such as hypertension and obesity can help prevent metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.     

通州市农村人群代谢综合征的因子分析

目的探讨代谢综合征（MS）患病率的性别差异,分析不同性别代谢综合征各组分的聚集特征。方法有效样本20502名,男性6997人,女性13505人,分别对其代谢综合征的组分f血压、体质指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）、血清胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、空腹血糖（FPG）1进行因子分析。结果代谢综合征患者3434人,粗患病率为16．75％,其中男性为11．52％,女性为19．46％,女性粗患病率显著高于男性（P〈0．001）;标化率为10．74％,其中男性为10．35％,女性为11．16％。男性WC、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）高于女性,女性BMI、TC、HDL—C、FPG高于男性,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,男女性之间TG差异无统计学意义。男、女因子分析分别都提取了4个主要因子,因子方差累计贡献率分别为80．898％,78．347％。男女代谢综合征组分的聚集性基本相同但也存在差异,肥胖因子处于核心地位,血压因子为重要且独立的因子,其次是血脂紊乱因子、血糖因子。结论代谢综合征是多因素综合作用的结果,该调查研究显示肥胖因子、血压因子作用较强,男女代谢综合征的因子构成存在差异。     

宜昌市夷陵区农村居民代谢综合征患病率调查

目的分析宜昌市夷陵区农村人群代谢综合征（MS）的患病状况,并比较移民与非移民MS的患病率。方法采用多级整群抽样的方法,按照中华医学会糖尿病学分会（CDS）2004年提出的诊断标准,于2008年2月对9871名年龄在35～74岁的农村居民进行MS患病率调查,用2000年全国人口普查数据进行标化。结果该人群MS的粗患病率为8．17％,男性为8．10％,女性为8．21％;MS标化患病率为8．10％,其中男性标化患病率为7．94％,女性标化患病率为8．26％。移民MS患病率为8．77％,非移民MS患病率为8．04％。性别间及移民与非移民间MS患病率差别无统计学意义。MS各组分检出率为10．63％～36．14％,至少有一项代谢异常者占35．10％。结论宜昌市夷陵区农村居民MS的患病率达8．10％;移民的MS患病率略高于非移民,但差别无统计学意义。     

Second-Trimester Constituents of the Metabolic Syndrome and Pregnancy Outcome: An Observational Cohort Study

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women in later life. In the general population, metabolic syndrome (MetS) shows identical associations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between GDM, constituents of MetS and pregnancy outcomes. Methods: Of 2041 pregnant women undergoing an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between 22 and 30 weeks of gestation, data were collected to evaluate the constituents of MetS. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to determine the associations between MetS and pregnancy outcomes. Results: GDM and obesity did not affect the risk of fetal growth abnormalities (SGA/LGA), preterm birth or preeclampsia (PE). Hypertension significantly increased the risk of SGA (OR—1.59), PE (OR—3.14), and preterm birth <37 weeks (OR—2.17) and <34 weeks (OR—2.96) and reduced the occurrence of LGA (OR—0.46). Dyslipidemia increased the risk of PE (OR—2.25), while proteinuria increased the risk of PE (OR—12.64) and preterm birth (OR—4.72). Having ≥2 constituents increased the risk of PE and preterm birth. Conclusions: Constituents of metabolic syndrome, rather than treating impaired glucose handling, increased the risk of preeclampsia, altered fetal growth and preterm birth. Obesity was not related to adverse outcomes.     

The Association Between Serum Albumin Levels and Metabolic Syndrome in a Rural Population of Korea

Objectives

A positive association between serum albumin levels and metabolic syndrome has been reported in observation studies, but it has not been established in the Korean population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between serum albumin levels and the presence of metabolic syndrome among a sample of apparently healthy Korean adults.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed data of 3189 community-dwelling people (1189 men and 2000 women) who were aged 40 to 87 years and were living in a rural area in Korea. Serum albumin levels were classified into quartile groups for each sex. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines with an adjusted waist circumference cut-off value (≥90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women). An independent association between serum albumin levels and metabolic syndrome was assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

Higher serum albumin levels were associated with increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome for the highest versus the lowest serum albumin quartiles was 2.81 (1.91 to 4.14) in men and 1.96 (1.52 to 2.52) in women, after adjusting for age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. When each metabolic abnormality was analyzed separately, higher serum albumin levels were significantly associated with hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia in both sexes, and with abdominal obesity in men.

Conclusions

These results suggest that higher serum albumin levels are positively associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults.     

儿童青少年代谢综合征的危险因素分析

近年来,儿童青少年中代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)及相关疾病出现了发病上升的趋势,为此国内外学者开展了对儿童青少年代谢综合征危险因素的各种研究。本文就近年来对儿童肥胖、年龄、性别、种族与民族、生活方式及基因等因素与代谢综合征间关系的一些研究进行综述,以寻找之间的关联性。     

18岁以上人群代谢综合征流行的现状研究

目的了解青田县18岁以上居民代谢综合征(MS)的患病状况及流行特征。方法通过多阶段分层随机抽样方法,共抽取4个乡镇1248名18岁以上居民进行问卷调查、体格检查及空腹血糖、血脂等生化指标的检测。结果 18岁以上居民MS的患病率为23.85%,女性(31.46%)明显高于男性(15.91%)(P0.01)。MS各组分的患病率为20.67%～58.89%,超过半数的人群合并2种及2种以上的代谢异常,以中心性肥胖伴低高密度脂蛋白血症及血压异常的组合为主,占63.42%。结论 MS的患病率高于国内其他地区和全省水平,且具有2种或2种代谢异常的比例较高,MS的潜在威胁不容忽视。     

国人高尿酸血症与代谢综合征组分关系的Meta分析

目的探讨中国居民高尿酸血症与代谢综合征组分关联性并定量评价关联的大小,为预防及临床治疗提供依据。方法通过检索我国1999-2010年发表的关于高尿酸血症与代谢综合征关系的病例一对照研究文献,进行定量综合分析,运用RevMan4．2进行合并和异质性检验,根据异质性检验结果选择固定效应模型或随机效应模型,计算合并WMD或OR值及95％CI。结果共纳入11篇文献,连续性变量合并WMD值及95％C1分别为,BMI的WMD值：1．6605％Ch1．45～1．86）;高三酰甘油的1VMD值=0．86（95％CI：0．80～0．92）;HDL—C的WMD值=0．08（95％CI：-0．05～0．20）;分类变量合并DR值及95％CI为：高血压的OR值=2．7705％CI：2．20～3．48）;高血糖的DR值：2．28（95％CI：1．79～2．92）。结论除HDL—C外,高尿酸血症与代谢综合征的组分相关联。     

微量元素锌与代谢综合征相关疾病的研究进展

锌是人体必需的微量元素之一,是组成人体各种酶系统的必需成分,广泛参与体内各种代谢活动。代谢综合征(MS)是由肥胖、高血压、血脂紊乱和糖尿病等多种因素引起的心血管疾病综合征。微量元素锌与MS的发生有一定的相关性。本文对国内外的一些研究进行了整理和总结,分析了锌和MS相关疾病之间的关系,并对其机制进行探讨。     

四川省西昌市汉族人群代谢综合征及其影响因素的病例对照研究

目的探讨四川省西昌市汉族居民代谢综合征及其影响因素,为代谢综合征的防治提供依据。方法采用病例对照研究的方法,以确诊的120例代谢综合征患者为病例组,按照年龄与性别频数匹配确定120例非代谢综合征者为对照组,采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析代谢综合征的影响因素。结果代谢综合征病例组中代谢异常组分检出率从高到低依次是血脂紊乱(98.3%)、高血压(92.5%)、超重或肥胖(90.0%)和高血糖(33.3%)。文化程度是代谢综合征的独立保护因素(OR=0.461,95%CI:0.234～0.908),而相关疾病家族史是代谢综合征的独立危险因素(OR=3.287,95%CI:1.722～6.275)。结论凉山彝族自治州西昌市汉族人群代谢综合征最常见的组合类型是超重或肥胖+高血压+血脂紊乱,文化程度与相关疾病家族史是代谢综合征的影响因素。     

承德地区健康检查者的代谢综合征患病情况

目的调查承德地区代谢综合征的患病率,为预防代谢综合征提供依据。方法按照2004年中华医学会推荐诊断标准,对收集到的14485名健康检查人员进行横断面研究。结果代谢综合征患病率为9.46%,男性高于女性,且城区高于农村,代谢综合征在各年龄组间的差异有统计学意义(P0.05),高血压和超重所占比例高于血脂紊乱和高血糖。结论该地区代谢综合征患病率高,应重视其预防,代谢综合征的防治应注意加强对高血压和体重的监测和控制。     

健康体检者中代谢综合征的患病情况调查与分析

目的探讨健康体检(PE)人群中的代谢综合征(MS)的检出率、分布特征和干预措施。方法对近3年来在我中心接受健康体检的56 600人次的体质指数(BMI)、血压、血脂和血糖结果进行统计分析,按2004年CDS建议诊断标准,计算MS的检出率。结果近3年在我中心接受健康体检人员的MS检出率为15.5%,其中2008年为12.1%,2009年为16.0%,2010年为17.4%;从职业分布来看,离退休人员>职员>公务员>教师>工人>农民;男性MS检出率为18.4%,女性为11.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 MS在PE人群中有较高的检出率,呈逐年增多的趋势,男性MS检出率高于女性。应引起各方的高度重视,采取切实有效的干预措施,以遏制其快速增长的势头。     

中国人群代谢综合征与食物摄入的相关性研究

目的探讨中国人群代谢综合征与食物摄入的关系。方法数据来源于2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查，选择15岁以上人群40708例，其中男性19543例，女性21165例。膳食数据利用连续3 d 24h回顾法。结果多因素Logistic吲归分析调整性别、年龄、6类地区、教育水平、中重度体力活动时间、吸烟、饮酒、能量摄入后，谷类合计、而及其制品、其他彳卒类、薯类、蛋类、食盐和酱油与代谢综合征呈正相关（P均〈0．05），米及其制品、深色蔬菜、畜肉、禽肉与代谢综合征呈负相关（P均〈0．05），其他食物与代谢综合征未发现冠著性相关。结论应该在人群中宣传上述影响代谢综合征的膳食因素，提倡健康饮食，以预防和控制代谢综合征相关的心血管病的发生。     

2型糖尿病患者高尿酸血症与代谢综合征的相关性

目的研究2型糖尿病患者中血清尿酸水平在代谢综合征发病中的作用，探讨其可能的发病机制。方法627例2型糖尿病患者按血清尿酸水平分两组：高尿酸水平组77例，非高尿酸组（尿酸水平偏低或正常组）550例，观察血清尿酸水平与代谢综合征主要参数的相关性。结果血尿酸与血压、甘油三酯、体质指数呈正相关（P〈0．01），与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关（P〈0.01）；代谢综合征患病率高尿酸组为74．03％，非高尿酸组为48．00％（P〈0．01）。结论2型糖尿病患者血尿酸水平与多因素相关，提示2型糖尿病高尿酸血症可能是代谢综合征等发病的危险因素之一。     

代谢综合征患者的心率变异性及其影响因素

目的：探讨代谢综合征患者心率变异性（HRV）的特点以及影响HRV的因素。方法：选择明确诊断为代谢综合征（MS）的患者45例,同时选择33例健康对照者。所有被研究者均行24h动态心电图监测,以获得HRV各项时域指标,通过对比分析以明确两组间HRV差异;采用多元线性回归法分析影响HRV的因素。结果：代谢综合征组HRV各项时域指标明显下降（P〈0.05）,且血压、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、空腹血糖（FBG）、腰围（WC）均为HRV的影响因素。结论：（1）代谢综合征患者存在自主神经功能紊乱,表现为交感及迷走神经均受损;（2）血压、TG、FBG、WC、HDL-C均为HRV降低的危险因素。     

Carbohydrate Intake and Refined-Grain Consumption Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in the Korean Adult Population

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome is prevalent in the Asian population, but little is known about its associations with sources or types of dietary carbohydrates.ObjectiveWe examined relationships between metabolic syndrome prevalence and dietary carbohydrate intake, including total carbohydrate, energy from carbohydrates, dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load, total grains, refined grains, and white rice in Korean men and women.DesignThis cross-sectional study was based on data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2007-2009) and a nationally representative sample.Participants/settingA total of 6,845 adults (2,631 men, 4,214 women) aged 30 to 65 years with no diagnosed diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia were selected. Dietary intake data were obtained using the 24-hour recall method and all dietary carbohydrate intakes were divided into quintiles by sex.Main outcome measuresMetabolic syndrome and its components were defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.Statistical analyses performedAll statistical analyses accounted for the complex sampling design effect and used appropriate sample weights. Multivariate adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% CIs for metabolic syndrome across quintiles of dietary carbohydrate intake.ResultsAfter controlling for potential confounding variables, the determinants of metabolic syndrome were the percentage of energy from carbohydrates in men and intakes of refined grains, including white rice, in women. Triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose levels were associated with the percentage of energy from carbohydrates in men and white rice intake in women.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the sources and types of carbohydrates were differentially associated with metabolic syndrome according to sex in the Korean adult population. The percentage of energy from carbohydrates in men and intake of refined grains, including white rice, in women were associated with metabolic syndrome.     

血尿酸水平与代谢综合征的相关性分析

目的探讨血尿酸(SUA)水平与代谢综合征(MS)的关系。方法于2007年3-4月在延吉市整群随机抽取3个单位,以参加健康体检且资料完整的1154名职工作为研究对象,测定血糖、血脂、SUA水平,测量身高、体重,计算体质指数(BMI),分析SUA水平与MS的关系。结果男性(n=468)和女性(n=686)MS组SUA水平均高于对照组。随着SUA水平的升高,男性BMI、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)水平呈上升趋势,有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);女性年龄、BMI、SBP、DBP、TC、TG和LDL-C水平呈上升趋势,有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。随着MS组分数目的增加,男性和女性SUA水平均上升,有统计学意义(r值分别为0.260和0.192,均P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、TG和BMI是男性SUA水平的影响因素;TG和HDL-C是女性SUA水平的影响因素。结论 SUA水平与MS关系密切,且与MS组分数目密切相关。     

中心性肥胖诊断标准及其在代谢综合征诊断中的应用研究进展

代谢综合征（metabolic syndrome,MS）是一系列代谢异常组分在同一个体簇集的临床症候群。其重要的临床特征和（或）发病危险因素之一就是中心性肥胖,也称为腹型肥胖。世界范围内不同的组织和：学术团体都曾从不同的角度提出了,MS的诊断标准,其中有关中心性肥胖的标准不尽相同。此外,有诸多研究慰示中心性肥胖是MS的一个重要危险因素。该文就肥胖的诊断标准及其在MS诊断中的地位进行综述。