先天性胆总管囊肿的外科诊疗

先天性胆总管囊肿(congenital choledochal cyst，CCC)又名先天性胆道扩张症(congenital cystic dia-tation of the biliary tract)，为较常见的先天性胆道畸形，病变可以发生在除胆囊以外的肝内、肝外胆道的任何部位，其特点是胆管的囊性改变。扩张胆管的形态基本有囊形扩张和梭形扩张两种类型。此病在欧     

手术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿39例报告

本文就二所医院12年间手术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿39例进行分析。全组术前确诊率97.44%．(38/39)；手术死亡率5．13%(2/39)。胆总管囊肿切除后胆肠内引流（包括Roux－Y吻合，间置空肠）是手术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的首选术式。单纯囊肿空肠Roux－Y吻合术者术后四管炎发生率高达50%(4/8)．故强调应按报切除部分囊壁、吻合口要足够大且位置尽可能低的重要性。胆管炎、胰瘘和应激性溃疡是手术后的主要并发症，并就并发症的防治提出了建议。作者认为，对合并肝硬化者应谨慎选择手术时机和手术术式。     

先天性胆总管囊肿的外科治疗

我院自1972年4月至1996年10月共收治先天性胆管囊肿62例，其中胆总管囊肿58例，占95%。本文就胆总管囊肿的外科治疗体会结合文献讨论如下。     

成人胆总管囊肿的外科治疗

我院自１９８６年－１９９６年采用胆总管囊肿切除肝管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－Ｙ吻合及间置空肠乳头成形术治疗成人胆总管囊肿２６例，全部病例随访１－１１年效果满意。本文结合相关文献，讨论了成人胆总囊肿的特点，囊肿切除的理论依据，并详细阐述了囊肿切除的具体措施方法。     

先天性胆总管囊肿外科治疗

目的 探讨先天性胆总管囊肿最佳术式及术后并发症的预防。方法 分析50例先天性胆总管囊肿手术时机、手术方法、治疗效果。结果 15例行胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合,术后症状复发1例;35例行胆总管囊肿十二指肠或空肠吻合术,术后症状复发20例。结论 先天性胆总管囊肿的手术治疗以囊肿切除、胆管空肠吻合最佳;术中应尽可能作大口吻合;避免行单纯囊肿内引流,急症情况下可先行囊肿外引流。     

成人先天性胆总管囊肿的外科治疗

先天性胆总管囊肿(congenital choledochal cyst，CCC)又称先天性胆总管囊状扩张症(congenital cystic dilatation)，是一种少见疾病。我们分析1993年5月至2003年10月在我科接受手术治疗的成人病例，现报告如下。     

先天性胆总管囊肿的外科治疗

先天性胆总管囊肿的外科治疗温州市第三人民医院外科（３２５０００）冯竞我院外科自１９８５年９月至１９９５年５月共收治先天性胆总管囊肿１１例，现将治疗情况介绍如下：临床资料本组１１例中男４例，女７例。年龄最小６岁，最大３８岁，平均年龄１８岁。１１例均有腹...     

先天性胆总管囊肿的手术治疗体会

目的:探讨先天性胆总管囊肿应用胆总管空肠KOUS-Y型手术的应用价值和手术方法。方法:回顾性分析我院1991年～1997年收治的11例手术病例。结果:全组无手术死亡,随访5～10年,生活质量好,无并发症发生。结论:胆总管空肠KOUX-Y型手术是治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的理想术式。     

先天性胆总管囊肿合并胆道穿孔的外科治疗

先天性胆总管囊肿是小儿外科常见疾病,胆道穿孔是胆道疾病的严重并发症,我院自2001年6月至2006年1月共收治10例胆总管囊肿合并胆道穿孔的病例,采取了不同的手术方法治疗,但都获得痊愈,现报告如下。临床资料1.一般资料:本组10例,男2例,女8例,年龄4个月~7岁,病史6h~10d。临床表现主要为腹胀、腹痛、呕吐、发热等。其中1例有胆总管囊肿病史,术前B超发现囊肿缩小;7例B超发现有腹水,6例腹穿抽出胆汁,1例腹穿抽出液为脓液。2.手术方法:所有患儿均在全麻下行剖腹探查术,术中证实为胆总管囊肿合并胆道穿孔,穿孔部位7例位于肝总管与胆囊管汇合处,3例…     

先天性胆总管囊肿的外科治疗

先天性胆总管囊肿的外科治疗第三军医大学西南医院肝胆外科中心（重庆，６３００３８）蔡景修先天性胆总管囊肿（简称胆总管囊肿）比较常见。在我院收治的先天性胆管囊肿病例中，胆总管囊肿占６７．９％。对胆总管囊肿理想的治疗是切除囊肿，行肝总管空肠吻合术，从而消除...     

先天性胆总管囊肿手术治疗经验

目的：总结先天性胆总管囊肿的手术治疗经验。方法：对194例先天性胆总管囊肿的手术治疗经验进行回顾性分析。结果：194例均行囊肿切除,胆道重建术：（1）肝管十二指肠吻合术4例;（2）间置空肠肝管十二指肠吻合术（人工乳头）15例;（3）间置胆囊肝管十二指肠吻合术4例;（4）肝管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术171例。本组190例术后恢复顺利,手术死亡4例（2．06％）。结论：囊肿可使胆汁流入胰管内并发胰腺炎,囊肿易癌变,囊肿可形成盲袋和死腔易形成结石,故囊肿切除胆道重建术是治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的最佳选择。尽管胆道建术式较多,但以肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术是胆道重建术的一种理想手术。     

成人先天性胆管囊肿的诊断与治疗(附97例报告)

作者总结了近３０年来成人先天性胆管囊肿９７例的治疗经验。患者平均就诊年龄为３７岁。多数患者症状不典型，常致诊断延误。７４例（７６％）合并肝胆胰系统疾病，１６例合并癌变，癌变率１７％。发现胰胆管合流异常２８例。９４例患者共行胆道手术１６９例次，囊肿切除、肝管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－Ｙ吻合术及囊肿内引流术为主要术式。术后长期随访表明内引流术后常因胆管炎复发和囊肿癌变而需再次手术，相反囊肿切除术明显降低了胆管炎的复发率及癌变的发生。作者认为囊肿切除、肝管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－Ｙ吻合术应作为成人胆管囊肿的首选术式。     

成人先天性胆总管囊肿的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨成人先天性胆总管囊肿的诊断及手术疗效.方法 回顾性分析1997年1月至2010年12月南京医科大学第一附属医院手术治疗的58例成人先天性胆管囊肿患者的临床资料.术前采用B超、CT、MRCP和ERCP检查,确诊后根据Todani分型决定手术方式.计量资料采用t检验;计数或等级资料采用x2检验.结果 58例患者中,术前腹部B超、CT、MRCP和ERCP检查确诊率分别为78％ (45/58)、92％(23/25)、9/9和5/5.手术治疗方式为开腹胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术41例(其中2例为腹腔镜中转开腹手术);腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术8例;胰十二指肠切除术3例(其中1例联合肝部分切除术);胆总管囊肿并部分肝叶切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术2例;胆囊切除+胆总管探查术2例;左半肝切除术1例;因肿瘤晚期行囊肿外引流术1例.胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y术中,开腹手术与腹腔镜手术平均手术时间分别为(235±70) min和(320±50) min,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(=3.157,P＜0.05);术后并发症发生率分别为18％(7/39)和3/8,两者比较,差异无统计学意义(x2 =1.515,P＞0.05);术后平均住院时间分别为(10.0±2.3)d和(12.6±6.6)d,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.162,P＜0.05).术后病理检查发现患者癌变率为10％(6/58).全组患者无围手术期死亡,手术并发症发生率为24％(t4/58).随访1～15年,良性病变患者无严重远期并发症;6例癌变患者中4例于术后1年内死亡,另2例已分别生存3年和5年.结论 成人先天性胆总管囊肿影像学诊断首选腹部B超检查,MRCP检查是诊断金标准.患者确诊后应尽早手术治疗,首选术式为完整胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术.     

345例成人先天性胆总管囊肿诊治经验

目的 总结成人先天性胆总管囊肿的诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析1974-2007年收治的345例成人先天性胆总管囊肿患者的临床资料.结果 345例中具有典型临床表现(腹痛、黄疸、腹部肿块三联征)者仅110例.345例检查辅以BUS、CT、ERCP、PTC、MRCP获得确诊,其中BUS检查321例,有311例确诊,确诊率为96.9%.19例囊肿内引流术后发生癌变,癌变率为31%,明显高于未手术者(未住院且拒绝手术的72例中有3例癌变,癌变率为4.2%).345例均行手术治疗,其中284例次行囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y形吻合胆道重建术.337例手术后早期恢复,近期(术后2～3周)死亡8例(2.3%).结论 成人先天性胆总管囊肿仅靠临床表现不易确诊,还应辅以BUS、CT、ERCP、PTC及MRCP等检查,其中BUS是较好的早期诊断方法.手术以采用囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y形吻合胆道重建术为优.     

Clinical characteristics of liver fibrosis in patients with choledochal cysts

Purpose

The aim of the study was to identify the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with liver fibrosis in choledochal cyst (CC).

Methods

Forty patients with CC who underwent liver biopsy were included. Liver fibrosis was classified as follows: grade 0, no fibrosis; grade 1, mild fibrosis localized in the portal area; grade 2, moderate fibrosis with occasional bridging; and grade 3, severe fibrosis with diffuse bridging.

Results

Fourteen patients (35%) had liver fibrosis. Patients in the fibrosis group were significantly younger (1.2 vs 2.7 years) and had higher total bilirubin (5.3 vs 2.6 mg/dL). Severity of liver fibrosis was inversely correlated with age (P = .044). Amylase and lipase in bile were significantly lower in the fibrosis group (amylase, 531 vs 15,000 U/L; lipase, 783 vs 23,100 U/L). Postoperative serum analysis demonstrated no differences between the two groups. Most patients in both groups had normal aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase regardless of severity of fibrosis. Postoperative biliary complication or cholangiocarcinoma was not found in the fibrosis group.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that liver fibrosis is mainly influenced by obstructive cholangiopathy rather than refluxed pancreatic secretion. Prognosis of patients with CC and liver fibrosis was as good as that of patients without fibrosis.     

Pancreatic complications in pediatric choledochal cysts

Background/Purpose

The aim of this study is to clarify the clinical features and risk factors of pre- and postoperative pancreatic complications in pediatric choledochal cysts.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was carried out on pediatric patients with choledochal cysts who underwent radical operation at our department.

Results

Twenty-one, 24, and 24 patients were classified into the Todani Ia, Ic, and IV-A choledochal cyst, respectively. Preoperative acute pancreatitis and protein plugs were observed in 31 (43.7%) and 11 (15.5%) patients, respectively. Patients with preoperative pancreatitis were more likely to have fusiform dilatation of choledochal cysts (79.3% vs. 35.0%) and a dilated common channel (53.9% vs. 23.1%) compared to those without preoperative pancreatitis. Compared to patients without preoperative protein plugs, those with protein plugs were more likely to have fusiform dilatation (90.9% vs. 46.5%) and pancreatic divisum with communicating ducts and a dilated ductal system (60.0% vs. 2.5%). Postoperatively, three patients (4.2%) experienced acute pancreatitis. One of these and all 3 had protein plugs and preoperative pancreatitis, respectively.

Conclusions

Fusiform-type choledochal cyst is a significant risk factor for preoperative pancreatic complications in choledochal cysts. While postoperative pancreatic complications were relatively rare, preoperative pancreatic complications might be risk factors for postoperative pancreatitis.     

完全腹腔镜手术治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿的临床分析

目的:探讨完全腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除并肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿的可行性、安全性及疗效。方法:回顾性分析昆明医科大学第一附属医院2014年5月—2016年5月12例行腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿手术治疗患者的临床资料。结果:11例患者完全腹腔镜下完成胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠吻合术,1例为减少手术费用在腹腔外行手工肠肠吻合。手术时间240~310 min,平均280 min;术中出血20~150 m L,平均60 m L;术后住院时间5~7 d,平均6.5 d。术后随访2~12个月,未出现手术并发症,无死亡病例。结论:完全腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿是安全可行的,且具有明显微创优势,可进一步推广。     

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目的 探讨先天性胆总管囊肿的诊治与疗效。方法 对76例采用囊肿切除肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合加矩形瓣防反流术38例；囊肿切除短段空肠代胆道加矩形瓣术38例。术后进行3个月至5年的随访。得出优、良、差三种结果。结果 治愈出院74例，死亡2例。得到随访68例，其中囊肿切除肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合加矩形瓣防反流术随访30例：优11例，良13例，差6例。囊肿切除短段空肠代胆道加矩形瓣防反流术随访38例：优21例，良16例，差1例。两术式结果经χ^2检验，P＜0．05，差异具有显著意义。结论 囊肿切除肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合加矩形瓣防反流术不符合生理，术后并发症多。囊肿切除短段空肠代胆道虽手术操作复杂，但疗效满意。     

复合型胆总管囊肿的腹腔镜手术治疗

目的 总结腹腔镜手术治疗复合型(Ⅳ-A)胆总管囊肿的经验.方法 回顾性分析2002-2009年间腹腔镜手术治疗65例胆总管囊肿患儿的临床资料.其中16例为Ⅳ-A型,切除肝外囊肿及肝门部胆管成形后行肝管空肠扩大吻合术.结果 16例复合型胆总管囊肿均顺利完成腹腔镜手术.8例合并肝总管狭窄,予以狭窄段切开或切除后扩大肝管空肠吻合;4例左右肝管汇合处狭窄,于分叉水平向左右肝管切开行双管-空肠吻合;2例合并右肝管开口隔膜狭窄,经肝门胆管将其切开;2例合并左肝管囊肿下游狭窄,自肝门向左肝管切开扩大成形后行肝管-空肠斜形吻合.2例出现术后并发症,1例暂时性胆漏自愈,1例吻合口狭窄再手术后解除.随访观察肝内囊肿明显减小直至消失.结论 腹腔镜提供的视野放大效果有利于囊肿根治性切除及肝门胆管狭窄矫治.对于复合型胆总管囊肿,腹腔镜肝门部或肝内胆肠吻合安全有效.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize our experience of laparoscopic surgery for complex choledochal cysts (type Ⅳ-A). Methods The clinical data of 65 children of choledochal cyst undergoing laparoscopic choledochal cyst resection were retrospectively reviewed from 2002 to 2009 in our institute.Among those type Ⅳ-A cyst was found in 16 patients. Hepaticojejunostomy was performed using a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop after extrahepatic cyst excision and ductoplasty. Results Laparoscopic procedures were successfully performed in 16 patients with type Ⅳ-A cysts. The stenotic segment was splited or excised and a wide hepaticojejunostomy was completed at the porta hepatis in 8 patients with a stricture extending to the level of common hepatic duct. The constrictive confluence of the bilateral hepatic duct was incised and the bi-ductal cystojejunostomy was achieved at the bifurcation in 4 cases. A septum was found at the orifice of right hepatic duct and was excised through the hilar stoma in 2 cases. A downstream stricture of the left hepatic duct was incised from the hilum to the dilated segment along the lateral wall in 2 patients, so that a long intrahepatic cystojejunostomy was completed in an oblique course. Postoperative complications developed in 2 cases including temporary bile leakage in one case and anastomotic stricture in another. The intrahepatic cysts were remarkably reduced in size during the follow-up. Conclusions With the magnified laparoscopic view, the radical resection of extrahepatic cyst and correction of the intrahepatic bile ductal stenosis can be easily performed. Laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy and/or intrahepatic cystojejunostomy is effective and safe for children with type Ⅳ-A choledochal cysts.     

先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术的原因分析及治疗

目的 探讨先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术的原因及治疗方法.方法 对41例先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术患者的临床资料进行总结分析.结果 按先天性胆总管囊肿Todani分型,41例中Ⅰ型32例,Ⅱ型1例,Ⅳ型3例,Ⅴ型5例(其中1例呈弥漫性左右肝分布).既往有1次胆道手术史者30例,2次者8例,3次者3例.41例中合并有胆管结石40例,胆道感染33例,肝门部胆管狭窄7例,原胆肠吻合口狭窄6例,囊肿癌变5例.本次行切除肝外胆管囊肿、肝管空肠Boux-en-Y吻合术者32例,其中2例囊肿癌变者同时行肝十二指肠韧带骨骼化和区域淋巴结清扫术;行肝叶切除联合胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术者8例;行胆肠吻合口狭窄切开成形、胆肠内引流重建术1例.41例术后均获随访,随访时间3个月至10年,平均53.7±32.1个月,随访期内发生胆道感染4例,无吻合口狭窄或结石复发等并发症发生.结论 胆总管囊肿术式选择不当及诊断失误导致的多种并发症是导致再手术的主要原因,肝内外胆管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术可取得较为满意的疗效.