骨性关节炎患者人工膝关节假体旋转定位标志研究

目的探讨对合并内、外翻畸形的膝关节骨性关节炎行人工全膝关节置换术，以股骨内外上髁外科轴（surgical epicondylar axis，SEA）作为股骨假体旋转参考轴，以胫骨结节内1／3作为胫骨假体旋转定位的骨性标志，判断股骨假体和胫骨假体的旋转对线情况。方法2004年7月～2005年1月，对32例（62膝）拟行人工全膝关节置换术的膝关节骨性关节炎患者（病例组），男2例，女30例；年龄58～80岁，平均68．9岁；内翻畸形55膝，胫股角平均内翻-8．23°；外翻畸形7膝，胫股角平均外翻＋15．48°。于术前行伸膝旋转中立位CT扫描，测量膝关节股骨后髁角（posterior condylar angle，PCA），并以10个正常膝关节作为对照组，测量SEA中点C与髌腱内1／3连线（BC）和经SEA中点C的垂线（AC）之间的夹角，即α角。结果病例组80％以上膝关节CT图像显示股骨内上髁陷凹；PCA中位数为＋2．36°（0～＋7．5°）；对照组膝关节α角为＋6．45±3．68°（0～＋11．8°）；病例组内翻畸形患者膝关节α角为＋10．85±10．47°（0～＋28．1°），与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），病例组外翻畸形患者膝关节α角为＋11．6±7．3°（-6．5～＋26．8°），与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论以胫骨结节内1／3作为胫骨假体旋转参考轴线，胫骨假体相对于股骨假体处于轻度外旋位；合并内、外翻畸形患者的胫骨假体外旋角度明显增大，容易使股骨假体和胫骨假体间出现旋转对线不良。     

不同程度屈膝挛缩畸形人工全膝关节置换的早期疗效比较

目的探讨不同程度屈膝挛缩畸形行人工全膝关节置换术(totalkneearthroplasty,TKA)后的早期疗效。方法回顾性分析2000年1月～2003年12月行TKA的65例97膝屈膝挛缩畸形患者资料。其中骨关节炎51例74膝,类风湿关节炎14例23膝。单膝置换33例33膝,双膝同时置换32例64膝。按屈膝挛缩畸形程度不同将患者分成A、B两组,A组屈曲挛缩<20°(0～15°)32例49膝,B组屈曲挛缩≥20°(20～60°)33例48膝。A、B两组膝关节术前屈曲挛缩度数、活动度(rangeofmotion,ROM)、KSS(kneesocietyscore)评分及功能评分分别为10.7±8.0°、104.6±20.0°、29.1±18.0、32.6±20.7和28.2±7.8°、60.8±26.6°、12.1±13.2、26.8±18.1,各指标组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术中均采用Scorpio后稳定型骨水泥固定假体,行初期置换。术后3～4d在同一康复师指导下行CPM及主动功能锻炼。结果患者获随访8个月～3年6个月,平均2年7个月。A、B组术后膝关节屈曲挛缩度数、ROM、KSS评分和功能评分分别为0.4±2.1°、108.6±19.0°、82.1±13.8、72.3±29.1和1.3±3.2°、98.6±16.4°、75.9±8.2、81.4±26.9,组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后患者总满意度为94.6%,无深部感染及再翻修者。结论膝关节屈膝挛缩畸形严重与否对TKA的早期疗效无明显影响;TKA后ROM有“趋中”现象;术后早期行膝关节功能锻炼也是获得功能改善的重要环节之一。     

全膝关节置换术后股骨假体前屈角对膝关节功能康复的影响

目的 观察全膝关节置换术后股骨假体前屈角对患者膝关节功能康复的影响。方法 回顾性分析自2021-08—2022-08采用全膝关节置换术治疗的70例膝骨性关节炎,根据术后患膝关节X线正侧位片股骨假体前屈角度进行分组,正常患者术后股骨假体前屈角度5°～7°,35例股骨假体前屈角正常（A组）,35例股骨假体前屈角偏大（B组）。两组术前活动情况无明显差异,术中均在规范操作下完成手术,选择相同厂家的膝关节假体系统,假体置入位置、松紧度均无异常,术后采用相同的康复训练方案。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、膝关节功能HSS评分、疼痛VAS评分、股骨假体俯屈角、胫骨平台后倾角以及膝关节伸直与屈曲活动度。结果 70例均获得为期1个月的门诊随访,术后症状均有所改善。两组手术时间、术中出血量比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。A组术后1个月膝关节功能HSS评分为（84.74±4.78）分,B组为（79.89±4.43）分;A组术后1个月膝关节功能HSS评分较B组高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后1个月膝关节功能HSS评分等级：A组优16例,良19例;B组优3例,良32例。A组术后1个月疼...     

股骨远端解剖的性别差异对全膝关节置换术后临床疗效的影响

目的 探讨股骨远端解剖的性别差异对全膝关节置换术后临床疗效的影响.方法 2003年3月至2006年10月,对213例(294膝)骨关节炎患者采用固定平台高屈曲后稳定型假体行全膝关节置换术治疗,男87例(118膝),女126例(176膝);年龄55～70岁,平均64.4岁.患膝均无膝反张;伸直受限＜10°,膝内翻或膝外翻＜10°,KSS内外侧稳定性评分≥10分,双膝关节屈曲度均≥110°,双侧股四头肌肌力4+～5级,体重指数＜30 kg/m2.对患者术前、术后2年的KSS评分,股骨远端前后径校正后的股骨前、后髁偏距以及术前、术中、术后2年的膝关节屈曲度进行比较.结果 术前男、女患者的KSS各项评分、膝关节屈曲度,术后膝关节屈曲度、KSS稳定性评分、行走功能的改善值差异均无统计学意义;而男性患者术后KSS疼痛评分,上、下楼功能,术中膝关节屈曲度的改善值均高于女性.两组校正后的股骨后髁偏距均有所减小,女性的减小程度显著高于男性[女性(-5.23±3.02)mm,男性(-1.38±2.04)mm],前髁偏距减小程度相同[女性(-2.39±2.72)mm,男性(-2.97±2.81)mm].校正后的后髁偏距改变值与术后KSS疼痛评分、爬楼功能及术中膝关节屈曲度的改善值均呈正向相关.结论 中国男性全膝关节置换术后疗效优于女性,股骨假体设计应考虑不同性别间的解剖差异.     

TC-Dynamic后稳定型人工全膝关节系统术后近期疗效分析

目的探讨应用TC-Dynamic后稳定型人工全膝关节系统行全膝关节置换术(totalknee arthroplasty,TKA)的近期临床效果,评价其临床应用的可行性、安全性和有效性。方法2003年9月～2004年3月,应用TC-Dynamic人工全膝关节系统行TKA10例12膝(TC-Dynamic组),术前膝关节KSS(kneesocietyscore)评分为16.08±11.58分,功能评分为13.75±19.79分,膝关节活动度(rangeofmotion,ROM)为75.00±26.46°。同期使用Scorpio假体行TKA30例50膝(Scorpio组),术前膝关节KSS评分为19.48±9.67分,功能评分为3.16±19.82分,膝关节ROM为80.80±22.82°。比较两组患者术后疼痛缓解情况、KSS评分和功能评分改善情况,以及膝关节ROM的提高程度。结果所有患者术后获随访40～210d,平均130d。TC-Dynamic组术后KSS评分为88.83±4.04分,较术前改善72.75±14.47分,功能评分为79.17±5.15分,较术前改善65.42±19.47分;ROM为107.92±11.57°,较术前提高32.92±32.22°。Scorpio组术后KSS评分为85.68±7.36分,较术前改善66.20±10.44分,功能评分为71.40±12.70分,较术前改善68.24±25.35分;ROM为109.20±11.13°,较术前提高28.40±26.41°。术后各指标组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.01)。两组患者术后X线片均示下肢力线良好,假体位置满意,无透亮线及任何松动迹象。结论TC-Dynamic后稳定型膝关节假体设计合理,术后近期效果良好;但远期疗效仍需大样本长期随访观察。TKA中正确的下肢力线、合理截骨和软组织平衡及屈曲伸直间隙平衡等,是获得良好临床效果和保证假体长期存活的关键。     

比较全膝关节置换术与单髁置换术治疗老年单侧间室膝关节骨关节炎的效果

目的比较全膝关节置换术与单髁置换术治疗老年单侧间室膝关节骨关节炎的效果。方法将44例老年单侧间室膝关节骨关节炎患者根据治疗方法不同分为全膝关节置换组和单髁置换组,各22例。回顾性分析患者的临床资料。结果单髁置换组的手术时间、术中出血量和住院时间均显著低于全膝关节置换组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3个月2组骨关节炎指数(WOMAC指数)和数字分级法(NRS)评分均显著降低(P<0.05),其中单髁置换组患者的WOMAC指数和NRS评分显著低于全膝关节置换组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论单髁置换术治疗老年单侧间室膝关节骨关节炎,能缩短手术时间和住院时间,减少术中出血,有利于改善患者的膝关节功能和降低疼痛感。     

全膝关节置换术后的手法松解

背景：全膝关节置换术后初期对部分屈曲角度不能超过90°的患者可能须进行麻醉下的手法松解，以改善关节活动度。本目的是评价全膝置换术后手法松解的治疗效果。方法：90例患者（113膝）因术后平均10周时患膝屈曲角度≤90。而进行了手法松解。分别于全膝关节置换术之前、手术、手法松解前、手法松解后即刻以及术后6个月、1年、3年、5年以量角器测量膝关节的屈曲角度。黑：90例患者中81例（90％）在手法松解后膝关节屈曲角度获得改善。膝关节平均屈曲角度在全膝关节置换术前102°，中皮肤缝合后111°，手法松解前70°。术后5年随访时膝关节屈曲角度较手法松解前平均提高35°（p〈0．0001，配对t检）。术后12周之内进行手法松解的患者与术后12周之后进行手法松解的患者相比，平均屈膝角度的改善程度无显著差，最终仍进行手法松解的患者其术前膝关节协会疼痛评分明显低于未进行手法松解的患者（更痛，p=0．0027）。结论手法松解可以改善全膝关节置换术后膝关节屈曲角度。术前疼痛明显的患者术后更趋向于须手法松解。可信水平：治疗性研究，Ⅲ级。进一步可信度参见作者介绍。     

旋转铰链型人工膝关节临床应用近期疗效观察

目的探讨旋转铰链型人工膝关节临床应用的近期疗效。方法2002年7月～2005年4月，应用旋转铰链型人工膝关节假体进行全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节严重畸形和不稳定17例17膝。其中男8例，女9例；年龄41～79岁，平均59岁。左侧10例，右侧7例。患者均因膝关节疼痛人院，病程1～7年。其中骨性关节炎10例，类风湿性关节炎5例，左股骨骨折术后创伤性关节炎1例，左胫骨平台骨折术后创伤性关节炎合并前交叉韧带、内侧半月板损伤及内侧侧副韧带断裂1例。术前HSS（hospital for special surgery）评分36-58分，平均48．6分；术前膝关节屈曲活动度21～80°，平均57．4°。结果术后患者均获随访7个月～3年，平均23．6个月。无下肢静脉血栓形成或肺栓塞，无腓总神经麻痹、骨折或伸膝装置断裂等并发症发生。1例患者术后3个月出现迟发感染，再次手术取出假体，应用抗生素骨水泥间隔行膝关节旷置待二期置换。其余16例最后随访时，HSS评分78～98分，平均91．1分，较术前平均增加45．5分，且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；术后2周，膝关节屈曲活动度为75～100°，平均85．2°，最后随访时膝关节屈曲活动度为85～123°，平均108．3°，与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论旋转铰链型人工膝关节置换术近期疗效肯定，远期疗效尚待进一步随访。     

胫骨平台后倾角变化对单髁关节置换术后关节功能及假体生存率的影响

目的 探讨第3代Oxford假体单髁膝关节置换术（unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,UKA后胫骨平台后倾角（posterior tibial slope,PTS）变化对膝关节功能及假体生存率的影响。方法 回顾性分析我院自2017年1月至2021年8月收治的194例（206膝）行内侧单髁膝关节置换术的病人,根据术前及术后后倾角变化差值进行分组：A组60例（63膝）,后倾角增大>2°;B组101例（108膝）,后倾角变化≤2°;C组33例（35膝）,后倾角减小>2°。采用美国特种外科医院（HSS）评分、牛津大学膝关节评分（OKS）及患膝关节屈伸活动度（ROM）评估膝关节功能。统计206膝术后并发症情况并采用Kaplan-Meier法评估假体生存率。结果 三组术后均获得良好的膝关节功能。术前三组间HSS评分、OKS评分及ROM的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;末次随访时三组间HSS、OKS评分差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,其中B组HSS评分高于A、C两组,OKS评分低于A、C两组,而三组间ROM差异无统计学意义（P>0....     

计算机辅助与传统方法全膝关节置换术术后下肢机械轴的比较研究

目的对比计算机辅助下（导航）全膝关节置换术及同期传统方法全膝关节置换术术后下肢轴线的差异。方法连续无选择病例30例39膝在计算机导航下行全膝关节置换术并与同期采用传统方法连续无选择的全膝关节置换术29例39膝进行对照。分别拍摄术后膝关节正侧位X线片、双下肢全长X线片，分别记录两组的术后下肢轴线与股骨及胫骨解剖轴线的关系，并对两组进行比较。结果导航组术后机械轴范围176°-185°，平均180．3°±1．79°。传统组术后机械轴范围176°-187°，平均181．32°±2．51°。两组样本，采用独立样本t检验，t=2．45，P〈0．05，差异有统计学意义。其中：术后机械轴偏差0°（180°）导航组10／39膝（25．64％），传统组9／39膝（23．08％），经卡方检验，χ2=0．07，P〉0．05，差异无统计学意义。偏差≤±1°（179°-181°）导航组27／39膝（69．23％），传统组16／39膝（41．03％），X。=6．27，P〈0．05，两组差异有统计学意义。偏差≤±3°（177°-183°）导航组36／39膝（92．31％），传统组29／39膝（74．36％），χ2=4．52，P〈0．05，两组差异有统计学意义。偏差≥±4°（≤176°或≥184°）导航组为3膝（7．69％），传统组为10膝（25．64％），χ2=4．51，P〈0．05，两组差异有统计学意义。结论计算机辅助下（导航）行全膝关节置换术术后下肢机械轴明显优于传统方法。边缘值（大于184°及小于176°）明显低于传统组。     

Contemporary Total Hip and Total Knee Arthroplasty Results in Patients with Hemochromatosis

BackgroundHemochromatosis can result in metabolic bone pathology (due to excessive iron absorption) and degenerative joint disease, leading to total joint arthroplasties. The aim of this study is to analyze the survivorship, complications, radiographic results, and clinical outcomes of patients with hemochromatosis who received either a total hip arthroplasty (THA) or a total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsWe identified 34 lower extremity arthroplasties in 29 patients with hemochromatosis performed between 2000 and 2016. There were 17 primary THAs in 15 patients and 17 primary TKAs in 14 patients. Mean age at arthroplasty was 63 years with 76% being male. The mean body mass index was 28 kg/m². Mean follow-up was 5 years.ResultsThe survivorship free from any revision for THAs was 94% at 10 years. One patient was revised for aseptic loosening of the femoral stem at 6 months. In THA patients, no infections, no other complications, and no radiographic evidence of aseptic loosening were identified. Harris Hip Scores improved from a mean of 55 preoperatively to 94 postoperatively (P < .001). The survivorship free from any revision for TKAs was 100% at 10 years. Two patients (12%) developed acquired idiopathic stiffness postoperatively; no infections were identified. There was no radiographic evidence of aseptic loosening in any TKA. Knee Society Scores improved from a mean of 61 preoperatively to 94 postoperatively (P < .001).ConclusionThis study found excellent survivorship, significant improvements in clinical outcomes, and a very low complication profile for both THA and TKA in patients with hemochromatosis.     

Total hip arthroplasty in the underweight

The outcomes of 20 patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis with body mass index less than 18.5 (considered underweight) who received total hip arthroplasty at a single institution were reviewed. Surgical complications in the first 30 days after surgery included 1 prolonged surgical site drainage and 3 posterior dislocations. Two patients experienced medical complications that included hematemesis, confusion, aspiration pneumonia, and death. Sixty-five percent of the patients received at least one blood transfusion. Harris hip scores improved from 35 to 81 (P < .05) at an average of 6.1 years (2-10.1 years) of follow-up. Total hip arthroplasty is effective in patients who are underweight; however, they appear to be at an increased risk of dislocation and blood transfusion.     

Comparison of Cruciate-Sacrificing vs Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Replacement Using a Contemporary Total Knee System

BackgroundThe use of highly conforming polyethylene tibial inserts in cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty (TKA) often requires posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) release/sacrifice for balancing (CS TKA). The CS TKA relies on the posterior capsule, collateral ligaments, and articular conformity without a cam or post to achieve stability. Using prospectively collected data we compared clinical outcomes of CS TKA to posterior-stabilized (PS) TKA utilizing a contemporary TKA system.MethodsSixty-nine consecutive CS TKAs were compared to 45 consecutive PS TKAs at 2-year minimum follow-up. CS knees were balanced with the PCL released. Preoperative/postoperative range of motion (ROM), Knee Society Scores (KSS), stair function, and squatting ROM were analyzed.ResultsAt minimum 2-year follow up, CS and PS TKA demonstrated significant improvement in ROM (P < .001), KSS (Pain, P < .001; Function, P < .001), and KSS stair function (P < .001), with no revisions. There was no difference in preoperative to postoperative improvements for passive knee ROM (10° (0°-20°) vs 13° (5°-25°); P = .16), KSS Pain (34 (21-42) vs 38 (24-46); P = .22), KSS Function (35 (30-50) vs 35 (18-50); P = .34), and KSS stair function (10 (10-20) vs 10 (0-20); P = .37) for CS and PS TKA, respectively. CS TKA had higher squatting ROM (P = .02) at minimum 2-year follow-up compared to PS TKA.ConclusionBoth PS and CS TKA provided significant improvement in clinical outcomes, with no differences in passive ROM, KSS, or stair function postoperatively. Our data support that with proper articular conformity and balancing, cruciate-retaining TKA in a PCL-deficient knee (CS TKA) is appropriate. This may be design specific and further prospective randomized studies are needed to corroborate these findings.     

Readmission,Reoperation, and Complications: Total Hip vs Total Knee Arthroplasty

Background

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are currently grouped under the same Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG). With the introduction of bundled payments, providers are accountable for all the costs incurred during the episode of care, including the costs of readmissions and management of complications. However, it is unclear whether readmission rates and short-term complications are similar in primary THA and TKA.

The Influence of Patient Gender on Morbidity Following Total Hip or Total Knee Arthroplasty

Background

Little research has focused on the influence of gender on postoperative morbidity following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to compare operative time, length of stay, 30-day complications, and readmissions based on patient gender.

A Systematic Review of Modern Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Resurfacing vs Standard Total Hip Arthroplasty in Active Young Patients

This systematic review compared 2 treatments for hip disease in active young patients: modern metal-on-metal total hip resurfacing and standard total hip arthroplasty. We conducted a literature search to identify relevant randomized and clinical controlled trials and included 968 patients from 4 trials in our analysis. Our results indicated increased rates of revision, femoral neck fractures, and component loosening among patients who received modern metal-on-metal hip resurfacing. No significant differences in the rates of mortality, dislocation, or deep hip joint infection were found between treatment groups. Hip function scores were similar between the 2 groups, but the resurfacing group showed higher activity levels. These results have provided insufficient evidence to determine whether modern metal-on-metal total hip resurfacing offers clinical advantages over standard total hip arthroplasty.     

Staging Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasties Reduces Alignment Outliers

BackgroundPatients frequently present with bilateral symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and request simultaneous total knee arthroplasties (TKAs). Technical differences between simultaneous and staged TKAs could affect clinical and radiographic outcomes. We hypothesized that staged TKAs would have fewer mechanical alignment outliers than simultaneous TKAs.MethodsWe reviewed 87 simultaneous and 72 staged TKAs with at least 2 years of follow-up. Radiographic assessment was done using standing long leg and lateral radiographs of the knee. Coronal and sagittal measurements were performed by 4 blinded observers on 2 separate occasions with an intraobserver agreement of 0.95 and interobserver of 0.92.ResultsThe first simultaneous knee had no difference in the probability of establishing the mechanical axis outside 3° of neutral (45%) compared to the first staged knee (54%, P = .337). However, the second simultaneous knee (49%) was more likely to establish the axis outside mechanical neutral compared to the second staged knee (28%; odds ratio 2.54, confidence interval 1.31-4.94, P = .006). There was an increased risk of deep venous thrombosis with staged TKA (odds ratio 2.96, confidence interval 1.28-6.84, P = .011), but other perioperative complication rates were not significantly different. There were no clinically significant differences in range of motion or Knee Society Score.ConclusionThere is a significantly increased risk of establishing the second knee outside mechanical neutral during a simultaneous TKA compared to staged bilateral TKAs, possibly related to a number of surgeon-related and system-related factors. The impact on clinical outcomes and radiographic loosening may become significant in long-term follow-up.     

Patient-Reported Outcomes After Revision of Metal-on-Metal Total Bearings in Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background

Failure of metal-on-metal (MOM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) bearings is often accompanied by an aggressive local reaction associated with destruction of bone, muscle, and other soft tissues around the hip. Little is known about whether patient-reported physical and mental function following revision THA in MOM patients is compromised by this soft tissue damage, and whether revision of MOM THA is comparable with revision of hard-on-soft bearings such as metal-on-polyethylene (MOP).

Changes in Patient Satisfaction Following Total Joint Arthroplasty

BackgroundThe primary aim is to identify the degree to which patient satisfaction with the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) changes between 1 and 3 years from the procedure. The secondary aim is to identify variables associated with satisfaction.MethodsData were sourced from 2 prospective international, multicenter studies (919 THA and 450 TKA patients). Satisfaction was assessed by a 10-point numerical rating scale, at 1- and 3-year follow-up. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess factors associated with satisfaction.ResultsFor the THA cohort, higher preoperative joint space width (odds ratio [OR] = 0.28; P = .004), pain from other joints (OR = 0.26; P = .033), and lower preoperative health state (OR = −0.02; P < .001) were associated with consistently lower levels of satisfaction. The model also showed that patients with preoperative anxiety/depression improved in satisfaction between 1 and 3 years (OR = −0.26; P = .031).For the TKA cohort, anterior (vs neutral or posterior) tibial component slope (OR = 0.90; P = .008), greater femoral component valgus angle (OR = 0.05; P = .012), less severe osteoarthritis (OR = −0.10; P < .001), and lower preoperative health state (OR = −0.02; P = .003) were associated with lower levels of satisfaction across the study period. In addition, patients with anterior tibial component slope improved in satisfaction level over time (OR = −0.33; P = .022).ConclusionChanges in satisfaction following THA and TKA are rare between 1- and 3-year follow-up. The findings of this study can be used to guide patient counseling preoperatively and to determine intervals of routine follow-up postoperatively.