临床护生艾滋病知识、态度与护理意愿的研究

目的了解护理实习学生艾滋病知识、态度、护理意愿度其相关性。方法采用问卷方法对68名护理实习生进行现况调查。结果护生的艾滋病知识均分为13．7分，对职业感染、不可能传播HIV的途径等知识回答正确率低。态度均分为0．89分，86．8％护生的态度分为正分，表示同情和支持艾滋病病人。但对因静脉吸毒、性乱、同性恋染上艾滋病者持歧视态度。护理意愿均分为77．7分，有25％的护生表示不愿意为艾滋病病人提供护理。相关分析表明艾滋病知识、态度、护理意愿之间呈显著性相关关系。结论护生艾滋病知识掌握不够全面。对艾滋病病人护理意愿低。本文为此提出相应对策．     

临床护生艾滋病知识、态度与护理意愿的研究

目的了解护理实习学生艾滋病知识、态度、护理意愿及其相关性.方法采用问卷方法对68名护理实习生进行现况调查.结果护生的艾滋病知识均分为13.7分,对职业感染、不可能传播HIV的途径等知识回答正确率低.态度均分为0.89分,86.8%护生的态度分为正分,表示同情和支持艾滋病病人,但对因静脉吸毒、性乱、同性恋染上艾滋病者持歧视态度.护理意愿均分为77.7分,有25%的护生表示不愿意为艾滋病病人提供护理.相关分析表明艾滋病知识、态度、护理意愿之间呈显著性相关关系.结论护生艾滋病知识掌握不够全面,对艾滋病病人护理意愿低.本文为此提出相应对策.     

实习护生一般自我效能感、应对方式与心理健康状况的相关性研究

目的探讨一般自我效能感、应对方式对实习护生心理健康状况的影响。方法采用一般自我效能感量表（GSES）、特质应对问卷（TCSQ）和症状自评量表（SCL-90）,对226名实习护生的自我效能感、应对方式及心理健康状况进行测评。结果本组护生SCL-90总分及强迫、人际关系、焦虑、恐怖4个因子的得分均高于全国常模,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。家庭背景、学习成绩不同的实习护生其自我效能感、应对方式存在显著差异。单因素相关分析显示：实习护生的一般自我效能感及应对方式与SCL-90中的多个因子存在显著相关。多元逐步回归分析显示：一般自我效能感、消极应对对实习护生的心理健康状况有预测作用。结论实习护生的自我效能感、应对方式是影响其心理健康状况的重要因素。     

Knowledge and attitudes of medical, nursing, dentistry and health technician students towards organ donation: a pilot study

Aim. This pilot study assesses the knowledge and attitudes of medicine, nursing, dentistry and health technical students toward organ donation. Background. Medicine, nursing, dentistry and health technical students’ knowledge of and attitudes towards organ donation may be a factor in organ procurement rates. There is a lack of information about how Turkish medicine, nursing, dentistry and health technical students perceive organ donation, and what they know about it. Method. Students completed a self‐administered questionnaire after a lecture. The questionnaire included a test that was used to assess knowledge of and attitudes about organ donation. Results. Of the students, 56·8% were men, 91·4% were 18–24‐year old and 89·4% from east region of Turkey. Of students, 65·5% were willing, 9% were not willing, 25·5% were hesitant about organ donation and 6% of willing students reported carrying a signed card. The most common reason for unwillingness to organ donation was worries about illegal behaviours (2·4%). There was a statistical relationship between willingness of students for organ donation and gender but were not any statistical relationship between willingness of students for organ donation and age, school, region and recognizing relatives whose need organ transplantation. Majority of the students listed transplantable organs truly but 63·1% were had no idea about organ donation process. Conclusion. Students’ had a lack of information about organ donation. The results of this study support a greater emphasis on providing information regarding transplantation in medicine, nursing, dentistry and health technical schools to improve the knowledge of future heath care professionals about transplantation and organ donation issues. Relevance to clinical practice. These findings highlight a need to review these schools’ curricula and emphasize the importance of organ transplantation. This strategy may be part of the solution to the chronic shortage of donor organs for transplantation.     

Undergraduate nursing students' attitudes towards mental health nursing: determining the influencing factors

Available evidence clearly demonstrates that undergraduate nursing students typically hold unfavourable attitudes towards psychiatric / mental health nursing as a career. It has been suggested that students' negative attitudes towards mental illness and consumers of mental health services may be responsible for the unpopularity of this specialty area; however, research exploring the relationship between career choices and students' attitudes is lacking. A sub-set of data from a large Victorian study that examined undergraduate nursing students' attitudes towards mental illness, mental health nursing, and mental health clinical placement experiences was used to clarify the nature of this relationship. In total, complete data was available from 605 students undertaking their first mental health placement who provided responses to a 24-item pre-placement survey. This survey assessed the following three areas: 1. preparedness for the mental health field; 2. attitudes towards mental illness; and 3. attitudes towards mental health nursing. The findings demonstrate significant relationships between students' attitudes, beliefs, and characteristics and desire to pursue a career in psychiatric mental health nursing. The identification of these relationships provides a basis from which interventions to influence nursing students' attitudes towards psychiatric/mental health nursing, can be planned.     

A new field of mental health nursing: care for sex offenders

Sexual assaults have increased enormously in recent years in Taiwan. As a result the government has introduced many new regulations concerning sex offenders, particularly that sex offenders may not be conditionally released without receiving special psychiatric treatment. The consequent introduction of psychiatric care in prisons, established the provision of treatment for sex offenders, and led to the development of a new field. This article outlines the current legislation regarding sex offenders, the medical treatment of sex offenders, and the relationship of such treatment to mental health nursing, and explores the ethical issues involved in the care of sex offenders. We hope that, with the benefit of this introduction to the topic, nurses will better understand sex offenders and that some will become clinical nursing specialists in the field.     

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of baccalaureate nursing students regarding oral health assessment

Good oral health is important to overall health. Oral and pharyngeal cancers account for 2% of all cancers, yet no significant improvement in mortality has been demonstrated over the past 30 years. Nurses are in a unique position to integrate and conduct oral health assessments across a wide range of practice settings. Although nursing programs include health assessment and promotion in their curricula, there is poor integration of oral health as a focus. This study aimed to identify the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of baccalaureate nursing students about oral health assessment. A convenience sample of 163 students in two undergraduate courses within a baccalaureate nursing education program was surveyed. Findings indicated that these nursing students felt that oral health was essential to their nursing practice; however, they did not have a full understanding of the key components of an oral health examination or about effective smoking cessation strategies.     

Nursing attitudes towards acute mental health care: development of a measurement tool

AIM: This paper reports the development, piloting and validation of a tool to measure attitudes for use with nursing staff working in acute mental health care units. BACKGROUND: The quality of care provided for service users in acute mental health care has come under both scrutiny and severe criticism. The attitudes of staff working in these environments have been cited as a contributory factor in poor care. No measure of attitudes specific to acute mental health has been reported. METHODS: A 64-question measure was constructed and distributed to a sample of qualified and unqualified nurses drawn from seven mental health care units in the North of England. Exploratory factor analysis and a number of other statistical tests were performed to validate the questionnaire. RESULTS: Preliminary analysis reduced the original 64 questions to 37. Five components were retained, accounting for 42% of the variance, and the five rotated factors were identified. The resultant 'Attitudes Towards Acute Mental Health Scale' (ATAMHS) achieved good internal reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.72. CONCLUSION: The construction and validation of the ATAMHS measure will enable improved understanding of the attitudes of nursing staff working in acute mental health care settings to occur. This measure is available for use in a clinical area of nursing in which attitude change is of fundamental importance for future development of care.     

Knowledge and attitudes of mental health professionals and students regarding recovery: A systematic review

This review was conducted to synthesize and critically appraise the literature on knowledge, attitudes, understanding, perceptions, and expectations of mental health professionals (MHPs) and mental health professional (MHP) students' regarding recovery. A systematic search in Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Medline, and Embase as well as Google scholar and web‐based repositories was conducted. The searches were conducted using a combination of key terms: “mental health professionals”, “students”, ‘knowledge’, “understanding”, “perception” “attitude”, “expectation”, “recovery”. After screening and quality assessment, the review included 29 studies (18 quantitative, 8 qualitative, and 3 mixed‐method studies) published in English, from January 2006 to June 2019, and was analysed systematically using a mixed‐method synthesis. The findings revealed that there is increasing evidence (especially among MHPs) of knowledge, attitudes, understanding, perceptions, and expectations regarding recovery. However, there are disparities in how MHPs perceive and understand recovery. While some understood it to mean a personal process, others explained it as a clinical process. In addition, there was limited knowledge among the MHPs and MHP students regarding the nonlinearity nature of the recovery process and expectations regarding recovery. The implications from these findings are the need for more in‐service training for MHPs, and examination of the curriculum used to educate MHP students. In particular, they should be sufficiently informed about the nonlinearity nature of the recovery process and how to develop hopeful and realistic expectations for consumers throughout the recovery process. The review was preregistered with PROSPERO (Registration No: CRD42019136543).     

Developing more positive attitudes towards mental health nursing in undergraduate students: part 2--The impact of theory and clinical experience

Previous research examining the impact of education on nursing students' attitudes towards mental health nursing as a career has highlighted clinical experience as the primary influencing factor and generally has not considered the impact of theory. The current study compared a cohort of second-year and a cohort of third-year nursing students from the same university. Second-year students had received more theory and clinical experience than their counterparts. Questionnaires were distributed to the total population of students before commencement of, and after completion of clinical placement. This paper examines students' perceived preparedness for and satisfaction with clinical experience, attitudes towards people with mental illness, and attitudes towards mental health nursing as a career option following the completion of differing amounts of theory and clinical experience. The results demonstrate some statistically significant differences with increased amounts of theory and clinical experience in the second-year cohort being positively influential. The findings suggest that an increased component of theoretical and clinical experience in psychiatric/mental health nursing is likely to produce more positive attitudes towards people with mental illness and psychiatric/mental health nursing. However, little difference in perceived preparedness for and satisfaction with clinical experience was noted between the two cohorts.     

Associations between health behaviors and mental health in Australian nursing students

Aim: Nursing students experience high levels of stress, anxiety and depression. This study examined associations between health behaviors and stress, anxiety and depression in Australian nursing students. Design: this was a cross-sectional study. Methods: Participants completed an online survey providing demographic information and responses to the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, short Food Frequency Questionnaire, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Workforce Sitting Questionnaire. Associations were evaluated using multivariate linear regression. Results: Mild to extremely severe stress (46.6%), anxiety (52.8%) and depression (42.2%) were prevalent. Intake of snack-foods was associated with higher depression (β = 8.66, p < 0.05) and stress (β = 3.92, p = 0.055) scores. More time spent sitting was associated with higher depression (β = 0.48, p < 0.001) and stress (β = 0.28, p < 0.05) scores. Skipping meals correlated with higher stress, anxiety and depression scores. Conclusion: More support must be provided to nursing students to manage psychological distress and mental health during university study.     

The challenges of mental health care reform for contemporary mental health nursing practice: delivery of nursing care

This ethnographic account of mental health nursing in a 22-bed acute inpatient facility in New South Wales, Australia, uncovered cultural meaning and cultural realities associated with the delivery of nursing care within the context of current challenges, demands, and influences brought about by service reforms. The findings demonstrate that mental health nurses have been responsive to changes brought about by the reforms. The ability of nurses to readily identify service gaps in their everyday practice provides them with the opportunity to develop strategies to respond to workplace challenges. As such, findings of the study contribute to current discussions concerning acute inpatient mental health nursing practice.     

An exploration of mental health nursing students' experiences and attitudes towards using cigarettes to change client's behaviour

Using cigarettes to change client behaviour is a common, yet little studied, practice in mental health care. A questionnaire survey was used to explore mental health nursing student's experiences and attitudes to this practice. The sample was four cohorts of mental health nursing students (n= 151). Of them, 84% had experienced the practice of using cigarettes to change client behaviour in acute wards (73%), rehabilitation wards (28%) and elderly care (14%). Cigarettes were used to change client behaviour in areas such as attending to personal hygiene (57%) or engaging in the ward routine (39%). However, items such as leave (60%) or drinks (tea and coffee) (38%) were also reportedly used. Of the respondents, 54% inferred that the practice did not work well with 46% stating it was not written up in care plans; 52% felt it was an ad hoc practice, 60% inferred that at times it was used as a punishment while 55% intimated that they felt bad withholding cigarettes. There are ethical and moral dilemmas around using lifestyle risk factors as rewards or using client's nicotine addiction as a means of controlling behaviour. The question of whether this intervention should ever be used, given its associated health risk, requires more critical debate in clinical practice.