四川省雅江县藏区人群绦/囊尾蚴病流行现状

目的 了解四川省雅江县呷拉乡藏族人群绦虫病/囊尾蚴病流行现状。方法 通过问卷、体检了解近一年内人群排绦虫史、癫痫发作史、皮下结节以及相关的其他临床表现。对自愿接受治疗的患者用吡喹酮驱除绦虫,用multiplex PCR对虫种进行鉴定。对1例高度怀疑为猪带绦虫患者的粪便标本采用粪-PCR进行检测。用囊液抗原检测血清囊尾蚴病特异性抗体,了解人群囊尾蚴感染水平。结果 11.96%（216/1806）的村民近一年内有排绦虫史,1.05%（19/1806）发现皮下结节,0.61%（11/1806）有癫痫发作史。24份虫体标本PCR鉴定结果均为牛带绦虫,1份粪便标本粪-PCR结果为猪带绦虫。4.35%（4/92）人群血清囊尾蚴病抗体阳性。结论 牛带绦虫和猪带绦虫共同流行于雅江县呷拉乡,以牛带绦虫为优势虫种。人群囊尾蚴感染率为4.35%。     

人裂头蚴病和无头蚴病：Ⅰ. 病原学的过去和现在

裂头蚴不应误作无头蚴。裂头蚴头节具吸槽或吸槽裂,无头蚴没有头节。裂头蚴是迭宫绦虫的一个发育期,无头蚴是假叶目绦虫一个属的属名。裂头蚴引起良性的裂头蚴病,无头蚴引起恶性的无头蚴病。人裂头蚴病是由迭宫绦虫幼虫引起的,为食源性、水源性、接触源性或亲源性等多种方式传播的人兽共患寄生虫病。近20年来人裂头蚴病和无头蚴病的研究取得较大进展,特别是前者。欧猬迭宫绦虫裂头蚴病和增殖无头蚴病主要分布于东亚,拟曼氏迭宫绦虫裂头蚴病见于美国。迄今全球已记载裂头蚴病患者约1 400例（分布于中国、日本、韩国、美国和泰国等地）,确诊的增殖无头蚴病患者16例（分别于日本、中国、泰国、美国、巴拉圭、委内瑞拉和菲律宾等地）。人是迭宫绦虫裂头蚴的终止宿主,桡足类和蛙为其中间宿主,蛇、猪、鸟和食肉类动物为其转续宿主。无头蚴（绦虫）属的生活史尚不了解。本文综述了人裂头蚴病和无头蚴病的病原学和致病机制的研究进展。待续第二部分将涉及病理学、临床表现、诊断、治疗、流行病学、控制和预防。     

境外感染牛带绦虫病1例报告

牛带绦虫病是由牛带绦虫（又称牛肉绦虫或无钩绦虫,学名肥胖带绦虫）寄生在人体小肠引起的一种绦虫病。传染源是人吃了感染牛囊尾蚴的牛肉所致,临床症状轻重不一,寄生的虫数少时多无自觉症状;多时可出现程度不等的消化道症状。少数患者还可引起贫血、营养不良．     

江西裂头蚴病1例报告

裂头蚴病由曼氏迭宫绦虫幼虫裂头蚴寄生于人体所致的疾病，我国多见于广东、福建等地，江西有过数例报道，现将新发现的1例报告如下。     

2003年新疆3县、市带绦虫／囊虫病监测报告

目的 了解和掌握新疆带绦虫/囊虫病的分布情况及流行特点.方法 随机抽取新疆北部3个县(市)的4个农村点、2个城市点进行随机整群调查.采用问卷调查、改良加藤厚涂片法检查粪便虫卵和血清检测囊虫病抗体.结果 问卷调查4 477份;改良加藤厚涂片法检查粪便检出绦虫卵阳性者4人,感染率为0.16%(4/2 448);静脉采血1 087人,(ELASA)抗体阳性者2人,阳性率0.18%(2/1 087).6～10岁、21～25岁、26～30岁、70岁以上者均有绦虫病感染.囊虫病抗体阳性者主要在26～40岁之间.结论 带绦虫感染率汉族显著高于其他民族,医务人员、教师、家庭妇女、农民均有感染;囊虫病患者主要是汉族和回族,囊虫病以农民为主,其他民族和职业无感染.绦虫/囊虫病的感染与生活习惯、个人卫生有关.同时应积极广泛开展卫生宣传教育活动,提高人们的防病意识.     

裂头属绦虫的研究进展

目前,全世界所报道的裂头属绦虫有50余种,其中14种可寄生于人体。人因食用未熟的含有裂头蚴的鱼类而患裂头绦虫病．其临床表现多不明显．个别虫种可引起巨幼红细胞性贫血,诊断方法一般采用形态学和分子生物学诊断。随着全球食品产业一体化,鱼产品贸易日趋频繁,受裂头属绦虫感染威胁人口近2000万．且在个别地区裂头绦虫病已成为一种新发或再发传染病,危害人类健康。该文对裂头属绦虫的研究进展进行综述。     

ELISA法检测猬迭宫绦虫抗体的研究

目的　探讨研制猬迭宫绦虫特异性诊断方法。　方法　将已克隆的编码猬迭宫绦虫幼虫半胱氨酸酶的基因重组到表达载体内 ,制备高纯度的基因工程抗原 ,以此基因工程抗原制成酶联免疫吸附试剂盒 ,检测 6例裂头蚴病患者血清。　结果与结论　基因工程抗原能与裂头蚴病患者血清发生很强的特异性反应 ,而不能与囊虫病患者血清发生反应。此方法的建立为裂头蚴病的特异性诊断奠定了基础。     

亚洲带绦虫感染动物模型的研究进展

亚洲带绦虫（Taenia asiatica）或称亚洲牛带绦虫（Taenia saginata asiatica）是1988年由范秉真氏在台湾首先报道,故称之为台湾带绦虫（Taenia taiwanensis）。自上世纪70年代以来,范秉真先生等在台湾高山族居民中调查证实,当地流行的牛带绦虫病病原体为亚洲带绦虫,人群的感染率达11％（3104／27359）。之后,该绦虫种又分别在云南、贵州等省及泰国、韩国、新加坡、印尼、     

基于重组酶介导等温扩增技术的3种棘球绦虫核酸检测方法的建立及初步应用

目的　基于重组酶介导的等温扩增技术（recombinase⁃aided isothermal amplification assay, RAA）建立一种快速检测多房棘球绦虫、细粒棘球绦虫和石渠棘球绦虫的多重核酸检测方法,并对其检测效果进行初步评价。方法　分别以多房棘球绦虫（GenBank登录号：NC_000928）、细粒棘球绦虫（GenBank登录号：NC_044548）和石渠棘球绦虫（GenBank登录号：NC_009460）线粒体基因组序列为靶序列,依据RAA引物设计基本原则设计、合成3对引物,并进行多重RAA扩增。分别扩增不同浓度3种棘球绦虫基因组DNA和不同浓度含3种靶基因的重组质粒,以评价多重RAA检测方法的敏感性;同时采用该方法检测3种棘球绦虫及多头带绦虫、牛带绦虫、亚洲带绦虫、犬复孔绦虫、泡状带绦虫、犬弓首蛔虫、肝片形吸虫、豆状带绦虫、中线绦虫和犬隐孢子虫基因组DNA,以评价该方法的特异性。优化建立的多重RAA法的条件,再检测棘球蚴病病变组织样本、模拟犬粪便样本和现场狐狸粪便样本,以评价该方法的应用价值。结果　所建立的多重RAA检测方法可在39 ℃时40 min内特异性扩增多房棘球绦虫、细粒棘球绦虫和石渠棘球绦虫线粒体基因片段,长度分别约为540、430 bp和200 bp。该多重RAA法对多房棘球绦虫、细粒棘球绦虫和石渠棘球绦虫基因组DNA的最低检测限为2.0、2.5 pg/μL和3.1 pg/μL,对含多房棘球绦虫、细粒棘球绦虫和石渠棘球绦虫靶基因的重组质粒的最低检测限均可达到200拷贝/μL;该多重RAA法可以同时检测出多房棘球绦虫、细粒棘球绦虫和石渠棘球绦虫单一感染和多重感染,对多头带绦虫、牛带绦虫、亚洲带绦虫、犬复孔绦虫、泡状带绦虫、犬弓首蛔虫、肝片形吸虫、豆状带绦虫、中线绦虫和犬隐孢子虫无扩增。优化后的多重RAA法能够检测出全部棘球蚴病病变组织样本及模拟犬粪样本和现场狐狸粪便样本中的阳性样品,且与单一PCR法检测结果完全一致。结论　成功建立了一种可用于多房棘球绦虫、细粒棘球绦虫和石渠棘球绦虫基因组DNA快速检测的多重RAA法,特异性和敏感性均较高。     

曼氏裂头蚴病流行病学调查及动物实验

2008年4～11月在河南省漯河市开展曼氏裂头蚴病流行病学调查。现场采集并检测中间宿主感染情况,包括显微镜检查剑水蚤体内曼氏迭宫绦虫原尾蚴,解剖镜下观察青蛙和蝌蚪皮下、肌肉组织和内脏感染裂头蚴的状况。水洗沉淀法收集终宿主家猫和犬粪便,镜检计数虫卵。收集蝌蚪体内的裂头蚴灌胃感染家猫,观察其排卵情况。结果显示,剑水蚤、蛙类和蝌蚪的感染率分别为3.5%(3/85)、35.9%(120/334)和16.8%(75/446)。调查家猫3只、犬31只,分别有1只和6只(19.4%)感染曼氏迭宫绦虫。感染家猫裂头蚴后12d粪检,曼氏迭宫绦虫卵阳性,25d自小肠取出17条曼氏迭宫绦虫成虫。表明河南省漯河市为曼氏裂头蚴病疫源地,终宿主和中间宿主感染率均较高。当地居民有生食蝌蚪的不良习俗是感染曼氏裂头蚴的主要原因。     

河南省消除试点医务人员猪带绦虫病和囊尾蚴病防治知识培训效果

目的 了解培训前后河南省方城县消除试点医务人员猪带绦虫病和囊尾蚴病防治知识知晓率变化,评估培训效果.方法 选取方城县独树镇、博望镇和杨集乡为干预乡(镇),2016-2020年每年对干预乡(镇)基层医务人员开展1次猪带绦虫病和囊尾蚴病防治知识培训;选择二郎庙乡、杨楼乡和小史店镇作为对照乡(镇),不开展培训.抽取干预乡(镇...     

Usefulness of pumpkin seeds combined with areca nut extract in community-based treatment of human taeniasis in northwest Sichuan Province, China

Taeniasis refers to the infection with adult tapeworms of Taenia spp. in the upper small intestine of humans, which is also a cause of cysticercosis infection in either both humans and/or animals. Currently the most commonly applied anthelminthics for treatment of taeniasis are praziquantel and niclosamide. Praziquantel is very effective, but has the risk of induction of epileptic seizures or convulsions in carriers with asymptomatic concurrent neurocysticercosis. In contrast, niclosamide is safe and effective, but is not readily available in many endemic countries including China. In the current community-based study, we assessed the curative effect of either pumpkin seeds or areca nut extract alone in taeniasis, and also looked at synergistic effects of these two herb drugs on tapeworms. In the study group with the pumpkin seed/areca nut extract treatment, 91 (79.1%) of 115 suspected taeniasis cases (with a history of expulsion of proglottids within the previous one year) released whole tapeworms, four (3.5%) expelled incomplete strobila, and no tapeworms or proglottids were recovered in the remaining 20 cases. In these 115 persons, 45 were confirmed as taeniasis before treatment by microscopy and/or coproPCR. Forty (88.9%) of 45 confirmed cases eliminated intact worms following treatment. The mean time period for complete elimination of tapeworms in 91 taeniasis cases was 2h (range 20min to 8h 30min), and 89.0% (81) of 91 patients discharged intact worms within 3h after drug administration. In Control Group A with treatment of pumpkin seeds alone, 75.0% (9/12) of confirmed taeniasis cases expelled whole tapeworms, but the mean time period for complete elimination was about 14h 10min (range 3h 20min to 21h 20min), which was much longer than that (2h) for the study group, whereas in Control Group B treated with areca nut extract alone, only 63.6% (7/11) of taeniasis cases discharged whole tapeworms, and the mean time period was 6h 27min (range 1-22h). Mild side effects included nausea and dizziness in about 46.3% of patients with the pumpkin seeds/areca nut extract treatment, but all discomforts were transient and well tolerated. In conclusion, a synergistic effect of pumpkin seed and areca nut extract on Taenia spp. tapeworms was confirmed in the current study, primarily in producing an increased rate of effect on tapeworm expulsion (average time 2h for combination vs 6-21h for individual extracts). The pumpkin seed/areca combined treatment was indicated to be safe and highly effective (89%) for human taeniasis.     

Taeniasis/cysticercosis in a Tibetan population in Sichuan Province, China

The results of a preliminary survey of taeniasis/cysticercosis in Yajiang County, Ganze Tibetan Prefecture in southwest Sichuan Province, China, indicated a very high prevalence of taeniasis (22.5%), with Taenia saginata as the dominant species. There was also a significant occurrence of late-onset epilepsy (8.5% prevalence and 16.4% seropositive for Taenia solium antibodies) attributable in large part to probable neurocysticercosis caused by T. solium. The poor sanitation and hygiene in this Tibetan community likely contributed to a high risk of human cysticercosis despite a low level of T. solium taeniasis (actually no T. solium carriers were detected amongst the 21 proven Taenia carriers). In addition, three taeniasis cases were confirmed by DNA genotyping as Taenia asiatica, which is the first report of this tapeworm in Tibetans, the first report for Sichuan Province and only the third report for mainland China.     

吡喹酮与槟榔-南瓜子治疗带绦虫病的疗效比较

目的 比较吡喹酮与槟榔-南瓜子治疗带绦虫病的疗效,总结治疗经验,提高治疗水平.方法 回顾性分析2014-2019年收治的250例患者资料,分吡喹酮治疗组142例,槟榔-南瓜子治疗组108例,进行疗效比较.结果 吡喹酮组治愈率为93.66％,槟榔-南瓜子组为91.67％,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).治疗后24 h粪...     

抗猪带绦虫六钩蚴独特型抗体疫苗对猪体免疫保护作用的研究

目的　本研究在证实猪带绦虫六钩蚴抗原具有很高的免疫保护性的基础上 ,探讨六钩蚴抗独特型抗体作为六钩蚴抗原替代物对猪体的保护作用 ,为研制猪体囊虫疫苗提供理论基础。　方法　用六钩蚴粗制抗原免疫家兔 ,制备兔抗六钩蚴抗体 (Ab1) ,再用Ab1免疫昆明小白鼠 ,制备抗独特型抗体 (Ab2 ) ,免疫猪体 ,以 3节猪带绦虫孕卵节片攻击感染 ,90d后剖杀 ,观察感染情况。　结果　 5头试验猪只有 1头在膈肌发现 1个囊虫 ,而 2头阳性对照猪均被感染 ,各检查部位囊虫数平均为 4.5个 /10 0g和 3 .2个 /10 0 g。　 结论　抗猪带绦虫六钩蚴独特性抗体Ab2对猪体有较强的免疫保护作用。     

Recombinant expression of Taenia solium TS14 antigen and its utilization for immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis

In order to evaluate the potential use of TS14 antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis (NC), its open reading frame (ORF) was amplified by RT-PCR from mRNA isolated from Taenia solium cysticerci. The ORF was subcloned into the expression vector pET-28a, and was used to transform Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells to produce TS14 antigen. The His-tagged expressed protein was purified on a nickel affinity column. Using the _HISTS14 as antigen, ELISA was positive for 100% of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 97% of serum samples from NC patients. No positive results were observed with sera and CSF samples from control groups. Cross-reactivity with sera from patients with schistosomiasis and Chagas’ disease was not observed. Serum samples from patients with taeniasis were evaluated and 2 of 13 cases showed reactivity in this assay. Our data indicate the usefulness of _HISTS14 in ELISA for an accurate and rapid assay for diagnosis of NC and seroepidemiological studies.     

Eating habits of East Asian people and transmission of taeniasis

In order to understand the role of raw meat and viscera eating habits in the transmission of taeniasis in Asian countries, 1502 infected aborigines in ten mountainous districts/towns of six counties in Taiwan, 58 infected persons in two villages on Cheju Island, Korea, and 97 cases in Ambarita District on Samosir Island, North Sumatra, Indonesia were studied during the field surveys. All infected Taiwan aborigines had the habit of eating raw meat and viscera of wild and/or domestic animals. Among these aborigines, 73% ate wild boar, 66% flying squirrel, 65% wild goat, 56% muntjac, 49% wild rats, 46% monkey, 38% hare, 20% civet-cats, 18% weasel, 17% pheasant, 14% squirrel, 4% grouse, 1% deer, 1% snake, <1% bamboo partridge, <1% frog, <1% bear, <1% dog, and <1% fox. Of the 58 infected persons with Taenia on Cheju Island, Korea, 72% ate raw meat and/or viscera of pig and cattle, 19% raw pork only, and 9% raw beef only. Among 12 infected persons infected with T. saginata-like tapeworms, 7 had eaten raw pork, 2 raw beef and pork and 3 raw pork. Almost all of the 97 cases of taeniasis on Samosir Island of North Sumatra, Indonesia, had eaten only undercooked pork. Eleven of 15 cases were found to be infected with T. saginata-like tapeworms. Eating habits observed suggest an unusual way of transmission of Taenia in East Asia.     

贵州都匀牛带绦虫亚洲亚种的调查和虫体内元素及氨基酸的检测

目的　了解贵州省都匀市牛带绦虫病的流行因素及病原虫种,并对成虫体内氨基酸组分及元素进行检测。　方法　①对该市河阳乡的米秀村等6个村寨进行牛带绦虫病流行病学调查,对70名现症患者(男性67,女性3)的感染原因、临床症状进行了解分析并作驱虫治疗。②对驱出的成虫作形态学鉴定和测量。③采用氨基酸分析仪、原子吸收光谱仪及分子荧光仪等分别测定成虫体内游离氨基酸组分及各种元素的含量。　结果　①当地牛带绦虫感染主要是因群众喜吃生的或不熟的猪肝引起,患者的临床表现以排节片、肛门瘙痒、腹痛、腹泻等为主。70位有临床症状的成人中,有25人驱出成虫(男性24人,女性1人)。②成虫外形与牛带绦虫极其相似,头节上无顶突及小钩;但虫体较短,大小在0.61～2.58m之间,节片较薄而且数量少。③检测了成虫的16种氨基酸及12种元素。　结论　贵州省都匀有牛带绦虫病局部流行,患者的临床表现与传统的牛带绦虫病相似。根据感染原因和对虫体的测量结果,认为病原体应当是牛带绦虫亚洲亚种(Taeniasaginataasiatica)。     

Asymptomatic immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL) at the time of diagnostic bone marrow biopsy in newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma and smoldering myeloma. A series of 144 cases and a review of the literature

The rate of asymptomatic amyloidosis (AL) among patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) or smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is unknown. We evaluated number and clinical significance of asymptomatic AL in consecutive MM and SMM patients, not having recognition of symptomatic AL at the time of their diagnostic bone marrow biopsy. Bone marrow biopsies were stained with Congo red and considered diagnostic for AL in case of positive Congo red staining with apple-green birefringence. Biopsies from 144 patients were evaluated: 77 had a diagnosis of MM and 67 of SMM. The median age was 59 (range 26?C84) years; the median follow-up was 76?months (range 0?C216). Immunoglobulin isotypes were 96/144 (67%), IgG; 23/144 (16%), IgA; 12/144 (8%), light chain only; 1/77 (1%), IgD; and biclonal or indeterminate, 12/144 (8%). Fifty-eight percent (84/144) were ?? restricted. The presence of amyloid was found in two cases (1%, 95% CI ?0.6 to 3.2), one in MM, and one in SMM group, and none had or developed signs or symptoms suggestive of organ involvement by amyloid. Among the 142 other patients without amyloid deposition in their index bone marrow, one (0.7%, 95% CI ?0.6 to 2.0) developed symptomatic AL after 119?months.     

Community prevalence study of taeniasis and cysticercosis in Bali, Indonesia

Taenia solium, a human cestode parasite endemic throughout most of South-east Asia, causes a number of public health and economic problems. The parasite is endemic in Bali due to a mix of cultural and religious practices. Immunoepidemiological investigation of three rural communities revealed a taeniasis prevalence of 0.72% (3/415). One of the three cases was due to Taenia solium, the other two to Taenia saginata. A further nine cases of Taenia infection were identified from patients from villages surrounding the chosen communities, suggesting that prevalence levels may be higher in other areas. Seroprevalence of human cysticercosis by immunoblot was 1.65% (6/363), though all cases were detected within a single community (6/115; prevalence 5.22%). Several other cases of subcutaneous cysticercosis were identified from local clinics, suggesting continued transmission of Taenia solium in the region. Other intestinal helminth parasites identified within the communities were Ascaris lumbricoides (29.9%), Trichuris trichiuria (33.9%) and hookworm (8.2%).