钼靶X线、彩色多普勒超声对乳腺结节诊断的临床应用价值

目的：评价钼靶X线与彩色多普勒超声（color Doppler ultrasonography，CDUS）对乳腺结节诊断的临床应用价值。方法：对126例经钼靶X线、CDUS检查的乳腺结节资料进行分析比较，并与术后病理结果对照。结果：126例乳腺结节有76例良性病变，钼靶X线诊断正确66例，CDUS诊断正确68例（X2=0．07，P〈0.05），钼靶X线＋CDUS诊断正确71例。有50例恶性病变，钼靶X线诊断正确46例，超声诊断正确36例（X2=3．87，Pd0．05），钼靶X线＋CDUS诊断正确49例。结论：在乳腺结节良性病变诊断中，钼靶X线与CDUS无明显统计学差异，但对乳腺恶性肿块的检出，CR钼靶较CDUS有明显优势，二者联合诊断乳腺疾病的准确率高于两种方法单独使用，在乳腺疾病的检查中可以发挥优势互补的作用。     

良恶性乳腺结节钼靶X线与彩超影像特征分析

目的 分析乳腺良、恶性结节钼靶X线与彩色多普勒超声(CDUS)影像特征。方法随机选择经钼靶X线与CDUS检查并经手术病理证实的良、恶性乳腺结节(直径≤2．0cm)120例影像资料进行回顾性分析。结果120例中,良性结节40例．其病灶在X线片上多呈边缘光滑的圆形或条片状;CDUS可探及包膜回声,多表现为低、中较均质回声;彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)20例,可探及血流信号其中80例血流丰富。恶性结节80例血流丰富。恶性结节80例均为乳腺癌,在钼靶X线片上其病灶多数呈圆形或不规则形,70％边缘毛糙或有分叶,部分病灶内或周围可见细微钙化;CDFI示80例均探及血流信号且有70％病灶血流丰富。结论只要依据乳腺结节在钼靶X线片和CDUS的影像特征,就可以对良性与恶性进行鉴别。     

乳腺全容积超声、钼靶X线摄影对乳腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断价值

目的：探讨全容积超声（ABVS）、钼靶X线摄影对乳腺结节的诊断价值。方法：收集93例经病理确诊的乳腺结节患者,均行ABVS、钼靶X线摄影检查,分析2种检查方式的诊断价值。结果：ABVS和钼靶X线摄影的诊断敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为94.9%、66.7%、93.7%、71.4%、90.3%和75.6%、93.3%、98.3%、42.4%、78.5%。结论：乳腺ABVS与钼靶X线摄影对鉴别乳腺良恶性结节各有优缺点;联合应用多种检查方法能提高乳腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断水平。     

乳腺疾病的X线钼靶与MRI对比研究

目的 分析乳腺疾病的X线钼靶与MRI影像学表现,评价X线钼靶与MRI对乳腺疾病的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析了60例乳腺疾病的X线钼靶与MRI表现,MRI分别采用自旋回波T1WI、短时反转恢复(STIR)序列及动态增强扫描。X线钼靶采用常规方法摄片。结果MRI 53例诊断正确,与病理结果相符,MRI诊断的准确率为88.3％,X线钼靶38例诊断正确,与病理结果相符,X线钼靶诊断的准确率为63.3％,两者差异具有显著性意义,X2=10.23,P<0.01。结论 MRI对乳腺疾病的诊断价值明显优于X线钼靶,对乳腺疾病的临床诊断及治疗具有重要意义。     

钼靶摄影质量控制在乳腺疾病诊断中的作用

【摘要】目的：探讨乳腺钼靶摄影质量控制在乳腺疾病诊断中的价值。方法：将2069例行乳腺钼靶X线检查并经手术或穿刺活检证实的患者纳入本研究中,其中质量控制组1210例共1338个病灶,未行质量控制组（对照组）859例共942个病灶。将钼靶检查结果与病理结果进行对照分析,比较两组中乳腺钼靶检查的诊断敏感度、特异度及诊断符合率。结果：质量控制组中乳腺钼靶检查的诊断敏感度、特异度和诊断符合率分别为91.89%、88.99%和90.06%,对照组中分别为85.09%、86.17%和85.77%,两组中诊断敏感度和符合率的差异有统计学意义（P=0.002、0.002）,特异度的差异无统计学意义（P=0.105）。结论：实行在乳腺钼靶摄影中实施质量控制后,对乳腺疾病的诊断敏感性和准确性均有提高。     

数字钼靶X线摄影联合MRI动态增强扫描对含钙化灶乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值

目的 :探讨数字钼靶X线摄影联合MRI动态增强扫描(DCE-MRI)对含钙化灶乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析60例含钙化灶乳腺病变患者,均行数字钼靶X线摄影及乳腺DCE-MRI检查,并与术后病理结果对照,分别计算数字钼靶X线摄影、DCE-MRI及两者联合诊断乳腺良恶性病变的敏感度、特异度及准确度。结果:本组中良性35例共40个病灶,恶性25例共28个病灶。数字钼靶X线摄影、DCE-MRI及两者联合鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的敏感度分别为71.43%、92.86%、96.43%,特异度分别为77.50%、92.50%、95.00%,准确度分别为75.00%、92.65%、95.59%。结论:数字钼靶X线摄影联合DCE-MRI对含钙化灶乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断具有一定价值。     

X线钼靶摄片辅以彩超诊断早期乳腺癌价值分析

目的:探讨X线钼靶和高频彩超在乳腺恶性肿瘤诊断中的价值,提高对早期乳腺癌的检出率。方法:回顾经病理证实的31例早期乳腺癌患者,对比分析其X线钼靶摄片及高频彩超诊断与病理诊断的符合率。结果:X线钼靶摄片、超声诊断符合率分别为80.65%(25/31)、70.97%(22/31);X线钼靶摄片辅以高频彩超的诊断符合率为93.55%(29/31),与单纯钼靶摄片或彩超相比,差异均有显著意义。结论:X线钼靶摄片是乳腺恶性肿瘤诊断的首选方法,联合高频彩超检查可提高诊断符合率。     

乳腺肿块的钼靶X线及超声研究及其与病理的相关性分析

本文对比分析了81例乳腺肿块患者的术前彩色多普勒超声（CDFI）及钼靶x线检查的诊断结果．并与手术病理结果进行对照分析。旨在探讨超声、钼靶X线对乳腺肿块的诊断价值,以提高对乳腺肿块的早期诊断准确率。     

数字钼靶X线摄影、彩色多普勒超声成像及查体对乳腺肿块性病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨联合数字钼靶X线摄影、彩色多普勒超声成像及查体对乳腺肿块性病变的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析92例经手术、病理证实的乳腺肿块性病变患者的临床、数字钼靶X线摄影及彩色多普勒超声成像资料,患者均为女性,年龄18～80岁,平均49.8岁,良性43例,恶性49例.数字钼靶X线主要观察病变的部位、形状、边缘、有无钙化及患侧腋窝淋巴结,彩色多普勒超声观察并记录肿块的二维声像图特征、肿块内部及周边血流.查体主要观察乳腺的皮肤、乳头及通过触诊了解病变的边缘、质地及活动度等.结果 数字钼靶X线摄影诊断乳腺恶性病变的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确性分别为85.71%、79.07%、82.35%、82.93%及82.61%;彩色多普勒超声为79.59%、83.72%、84.78%、78.26%及81.52%;查体为71.42%、76%、74%、77.78%、70.21%及73.91%;三者联合诊断为91.84%、93.02%、93.75%、93.3%及90.91%.三者联合诊断的准确性明显高于单独诊断(P＜0.05),但三者单独诊断两两比较差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论数字钼靶X线摄影、彩色多普勒超声检查,结合查体后联合诊断,可以提高乳腺肿块性病变的诊断准确性.     

联合使用B超与钼靶射线用于诊断乳腺疾病中的应用

目的：探讨使用B超与钼靶X线诊断乳腺良性病变和恶性病变的效果对比。方法分析2014年1月－2016年1月收治的135例乳腺肿瘤患者,分别使用钼靶X线、B超及钼靶X线和B超联合诊断,其结果与术后病理检查结果进行对照,比较三种诊断手段的敏感性、特异性和准确度。结果 B超和钼靶X线诊断乳腺良恶性病变敏感性、特异性及准确度无统计学差意（ P＞0.05）;联合B超和钼靶X线的敏感性、特异性、准确度明显高于单独使用B超和乳腺钼靶X线诊断（ P＜0.05）。结论 B超诊断和乳腺钼靶X线诊断乳腺良恶性病变各有特点,联合使用可提高诊断的准确率,发挥多科协作的优势。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.