X-刀立体定向放射治疗颅内肿瘤的近期疗效分析

目的:分析立体定向X-刀放射治疗颅内肿瘤后的近期疗效,并进行阶段性工作总结。材料和方法:53例不同类型脑瘤患者,以CT、MR、DSA图像资料作为定位依据,用德国Brain LAB治疗计划系统设计三维优化方案,西门子MD-2型直线加速器旋转照射。结果:53例患者经X-刀治疗后,近期均取得了满意效果,诸如以卡氏评分法评价,临床症状有所改善;以CT增强扫描复查观察,肿瘤大小趋于缩小或消失。结论:立体定向放射治疗后的追踪观察表明,只要严格掌握适应症,精确定位,精确计划,精心治疗,X-刀是一种安全、有效、无痛苦的治疗脑肿瘤的方法。它可起到改善临床症状,提高患者生活质量,延长生存期限的作用。     

成人脑室相关病变低剂量CT复查的应用研究

目的：探讨成人脑室相关病变低剂量CT复查的可行性。方法：随机数字表法选取因脑室相关病变需行头部CT复查的成人患者68例,于常规剂量（Ⅰ组）CT扫描后,对含病变且无部分容积效应影响的层面行75%（Ⅱ组）和50%（Ⅲ组）常规剂量CT扫描。评价不同剂量组的图像质量及诊断效能。结果：图像质量比较经Wilcoxon符号秩检验Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组无统计学差异显著性（Z=-1.604,P=0.109）;Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组有统计学差异显著性（Z=-5.684,P=0.000）。诊断效能比较经McNemar检验Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组、Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组无统计学差异显著性（P=1）。结论：对于成人脑室相关病变CT复查病例,50%常规剂量CT扫描对临床诊断效能无显著影响。     

氩氦刀冷冻消融序贯重组人血管内皮抑制素治疗晚期复治非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的 探讨氩氦刀冷冻消融序贯重组人血管内皮抑制素注射液(商品名为恩度,以下简称恩度)治疗复治的晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效.方法 30例化、放疗无效的Ⅲ和Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌患者分为两组:一组18例接受经皮穿刺氩氦刀冷冻消融联合恩度治疗;另一组12例单纯行氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗.以胸部CT动态观察治疗前后的变化,随访患者生存时间.结果 治疗结束后1个月CT复查:两组患者的临床受益率基本一致.而术后3个月及6个月CT复查后进行疗效评价则显示:氩氦刀联合恩度治疗组临床受益率明显优于单纯氩氦刀治疗组.远期生存分析:氩氦刀联合恩度治疗组中位生存时间为279 d,单纯氩氦刀治疗组的中位生存时间为258 d,前者中位生存期明显延长(P<0.01).结论 氩氦刀联合恩度治疗晚期复治非小细胞肺癌有较好的临床疗效.     

彩超引导下经皮穿刺125I粒子及5-FU缓释剂植入治疗中晚期胰腺癌

目的:探讨彩超引导下经皮穿刺125I粒子及5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)缓释剂植入治疗中晚期胰腺癌的可行性及疗效观察方法:采用放射性粒子治疗计划系统(treatment plan system,TPS)计算布源,在彩超引导下将125I粒子植入瘤灶内,并在125I粒子间间隔植入5-FU缓释剂。术后1、2、6个月,分别对患者进行超声及CT检查,根据肿瘤大小变化和临床症状缓解程度对疗效进行分级。将疗效分为4级:Ⅰ级:明显缓解(OR)(肿瘤缩小50%以上);Ⅱ级:缓解(PR)(肿瘤缩小25%~50%);Ⅲ级:轻度缓解或虽然肿瘤大小无明显变化,但临床症状明显缓解(SD)(肿瘤缩小1%~25%);Ⅳ级:无效(PD)(肿瘤大小无变化或增大,临床症状亦无缓解)结果:术后复查,1个月:Ⅰ级1例,Ⅱ级3例,Ⅲ级9例,Ⅳ级3例;2个月:Ⅰ级8例,Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级1例;6个月:Ⅰ级8例,Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级0例。结论:彩超引导下经皮穿刺植入125I粒子及5-FU缓释剂治疗中晚期胰腺癌创伤小,并发症少,姑息止痛效果好,是一种治疗中晚期胰腺癌安全,可靠,有效的方法。     

不同方法治疗腰肌劳损的近、远期疗效观察

目的比较不同方法治疗腰肌劳损的近、远期临床疗效。方法将2010年1月~2013年1月治疗的144例腰肌劳损患者随机分为银质针配合推拿治疗组(Ⅰ组)、针刺配合推拿治疗组(Ⅱ组)和单纯推拿治疗组(Ⅲ组),每组各48例。经过2个疗程治疗后,对3组治疗后1个月、1年的临床疗效及视觉模拟评分(VAS)进行统计对比。结果治疗后1个月,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组的总有效率分别为100%、87.5%和70.8%,Ⅰ组明显高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组,Ⅱ组明显高于Ⅲ组(均P<0.05);治疗后1年,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组的总有效率分别为87.5%、62.5%和47.9%,Ⅰ组明显高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组间未见显著差异(P>0.05)。治疗后1个月,Ⅰ组VAS评分明显低于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组,Ⅱ组明显低于Ⅲ组(均P<0.05);治疗后1年,Ⅰ组VAS评分明显低于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组相比未见明显差异(P>0.05)。结论针刺配合推拿治疗腰肌劳损具有较好的近期疗效,但远期疗效局限;银质针配合推拿治疗腰肌劳损具有较好的近、远期疗效,值得临床推广应用。     

难治性精神分裂症CT表现及多靶点联合毁损术后CT征象分析

目的:探讨难治性精神分裂症(TRS)的CT表现和多靶点联合毁损术后CT影像特点.方法:对464例TRS患者术前CT和56例TRS患者术后CT表现进行回顾性分析,并测量毁损灶体积.56例TRS患者术后疗效评定为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级37例,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级19例;Ⅰ～Ⅱ级患者术后2～10 d行CT扫描25例、40～90 d 16例,19例Ⅲ～Ⅳ级患者术后6～7个月行CT扫描.结果:TRS患者的主要CT表现为脑萎缩,发生率为36.2%(168/464),其中皮质型脑萎缩占25%(116/464).术后2～10d,毁损灶呈类圆形和柱形者为93.3%(140/150),片状不规则形为6.7%(10/150);术后40～90 d,病灶呈类圆形和柱形为66.2%(65/96),片状不规则形为33.8%(31/96).结论:术前CT扫描可作为筛选TRS手术患者的一种手段,脑萎缩患者选择手术治疗应慎重;术后不同时期CT扫描可客观评价手术疗效,为手术方案改进、并发症的预防和处理提供参考.     

CT模拟定位在食管癌放射治疗的临床应用

目的　探讨CT模拟定位在食管癌放射治疗的临床应用价值。方法　对 49例食管癌应用CT模拟定位技术进行定位扫描 ,将扫描数据传输至放射治疗计划系统计算机工作站 ,比较以食管腔为中心和以实体肿瘤为中心设置照射野的 90 %等剂量线分布情况。结果　以CT图像所示的非对称性肿瘤占 85 .7% ,以实体肿瘤为中心设置照射野的 90 %等剂量线分布能 10 0 %包全肿瘤病灶。结论　CT扫描能更多显示有治疗意义的征象 ,基于CT模拟定位的放射治疗计划使食管癌放疗照射野的设置更加精确合理     

低剂量立体定向适形光子刀治疗原发性癫痫

目的探讨利用低剂量立体定向光子刀治疗原发性癫痫的方法及其疗效。方法放射治疗组均为长期低频率大发作,又不愿长期、坚持服用抗癫痫药物的原发性癫痫患者。经视频脑电图对癫痫灶定位后,以12Gy总剂量,利用立体定向适形光子刀系统对癫痫灶进行照射。每位治疗患者选1名一般条件基本相同,接受丙戊酸钠正规治疗门诊患者为对照,对照组与治疗组以1:1配对。结果患者经放射治疗后随访12~37个月,以Engel分级评价疗效,EngelⅠ级1例(9.1%),Ⅱ级2例(18.2%),Ⅲ级6例(54.5%),Ⅳ级2例(18.2%)。在随访期内均未出现放疗反应和其他并发症。与对照组相比,有统计学意义(μ=2.051,P<0.05)。结论经过对癫痫灶非毁损性低剂量、区域照射,部分患者疗效良好,随访期内未发现明显不良反应。提示该法是一种微创、有效的治疗方法。     

X-刀治疗颅内病变的CT定位

目的 :探讨 X-刀治疗颅内病变 CT定位的方法。方法 :CT定位 X-刀治疗颅内肿瘤及动静脉畸形 337例 ,采用 FN-89或 Fischer立体定向仪 ,Somatom- DR CT机扫描定位 ,X-刀治疗软件根据 CT系列图像自动优化计划治疗。结果 :所有 X-刀治疗的病灶均采用 CT定位 ,靶点确定均一次到位。结论 :CT定位行 X-刀治疗颅内肿瘤及动静脉畸形是一种安全有效的方法     

C臂CT引导经皮乙醇消融术在巨块型肝癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞后的近期疗效

目的 评价C臂CT引导经皮无水乙醇消融术(PEI)在巨块型肝癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)后的可行性及近期疗效.方法 回顾分析巨块型肝癌患者95例,其中40例行单纯TACE治疗(对照组),55例行TACE联合PEI治疗(联合组).对照组1个月后重复TACE治疗1次.联合组TACE1周后行PEI.术前经C臂CT扫描评估碘油沉积情况,定位穿刺路径及注入部位.2周后对碘油沉积缺损部分追加PEI.3个月后两组复查CT,对碘油沉积分布情况进行统计学分析.结果 联合组初次PEI术后显示碘油沉积为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型及Ⅳ型病灶分别为41.8％ (23/55)、49.1％(27/55)、7.3％ (4/55)和1.8％(1/55);2周后分别为25.4％ (14/55)、50.9％(28/55)、16.4％(9/55)和7.3％(4/55).再次对除Ⅰ型病灶外的41例患者行PEI.3个月后复查CT,对照组碘油沉积Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型及Ⅳ型病灶分别为7.5％ (3/40)、30％(12/40)、42.5％(17/40)、20％(8/40);联合组碘油沉积Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型及Ⅳ型病灶分别为30.9％(17/55)、40％ (22/55)、23.6％(13/55)、5.5％(3/55).两组差异有统计学意义.结论 C臂CT成像技术在TACE术后联合PEI治疗巨块型肝癌的指导和评估中具有重要价值,保证了手术的安全性、准确性和有效性.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）