机械取栓联合动脉溶栓与单纯动脉溶栓治疗急性基底动脉闭塞的疗效对比

<正>急性基底动脉闭塞是神经内科急症之一,一旦发病,病死率极高,即使存活,也往往留有严重后遗症,成为家庭和社会的负担。据统计,全球每年因卒中死亡的人数590万左右,其中急性基底动脉闭塞导致的死亡约100万人,怎样减少该病的致死、致残率是迫切需要解决的问题。静脉溶栓作为急性期治疗颅内血管闭塞的常用方法,操作简便,耗时短,但血管的再通率低,预后效果欠理想,随着介入技术的提高     

Solitaire AB支架取栓术在急性基底动脉闭塞的治疗体会

目的观察Solitaire AB支架取栓术在急性基底动脉闭塞患者治疗中的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我科在2015年1月-2017年1月期间收治的9例急性基底动脉闭塞患者使用Solitaire AB支架进行器械取栓治疗的临床资料。分析血管再通情况和术后并发症,取栓前后使用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)对比,术后90 d使用改良Rankin评分(mRS)评估临床愈后。结果使用Solitaire AB支架进行器械取栓后血管再通8例,术后发生脑内出血2例,大面积脑梗死2例,死亡3例;术后NIHSS评分均值较术前明显改善,术后90 d生存率66.7%,其中mRS为0~2分的良好率为33.3%。结论使用Solitaire AB支架取栓是治疗急性基底动脉闭塞的有效方法,具有较高的血管再通率,能提高患者抢救生存率及改善生存质量。     

不同类型基底动脉闭塞机械取栓的疗效观察

目的评价机械取栓治疗不同类型基底动脉(BA)闭塞的疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年9月至2019年9月海军军医大学附属长海医院脑血管病中心连续收治的95例行机械取栓治疗的BA闭塞患者的临床资料。根据BA闭塞是否为串联病变,分为非串联病变组(67例)和串联病变组(28例)。比较两组血管成功再通(改良脑梗死溶栓分级2b~3级)的比例、90 d预后良好(改良Rankin量表评分为0~3分)的比例、术中挽救措施及不良事件发生率等的差异。结果与非串联病变组相比,串联病变组的年龄偏低(P=0.002),而男性(P=0.009)、有吸烟史(P=0.014)、缺血性卒中TOAST分型为大动脉粥样硬化型(P=0.001)以及存在一侧椎动脉发育不良(P=0.036)的比例更高。两组患者在术前及术后24 h的美国国立卫生院卒中量表评分、股动脉穿刺至BA再灌注时间、血管成功再通比例及90 d预后良好比例方面的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。串联病变组的发病至就诊时间(P=0.049)、发病至BA再灌注时间(P=0.046)均较非串联病变组延长,且术中挽救措施(包括单纯球囊扩张、急诊支架置入、静脉应用替罗非班)的使用比例均更高(均P<0.05)。两组在手术相关的不良事件及病死率方面的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论对于不同类型的BA闭塞患者,应用机械取栓治疗的临床结局及不良事件的发生率无明显差异,但该结论仍需进一步扩大样本量或进行随机对照试验加以证实。     

Solitaire AB支架取栓术治疗急性基底动脉闭塞8例报告

目的探讨Solitaire AB型支架用于急性基底动脉闭塞动脉内取栓的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析我院2014年12月~2015年3月8例采用Solitaire AB型支架行急性基底动脉闭塞取栓术患者的临床资料。比较患者治疗前后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分及术后90 d mRs评分,评估患者预后状况。结果患者入院时NIHSS评分平均(20±3.3)分;6例患者成功再通,术后NIHSS评分改善≥14分,90 d随访临床结局优良;2例部分再通,术后发生出血转化且死亡。结论对急性基底动脉栓塞的患者,使用Solitaire AB型支架取栓术是相对安全、有效的。     

机械碎栓、支架取栓联合动脉注射rt-PA治疗急性脑血管闭塞的疗效观察

目的 评价动脉途径给予rt-PA结合微导丝、微导管机械碎栓、Solitaire AB支架对急性脑血管闭塞的临床效果及安全性.方法 回顾性分析2010年10月至2012年3月收治的42例应用rt-PA结合微导丝、微导管机械碎栓和(或)Solitaire AB支架治疗的急性脑血管闭塞患者的临床资料.结果 42例患者闭塞脑血管完全或部分再通,再通率为100％;其中37例完全再通,完全再通率88％.术后1例发生基底节区脑出血,1例发生蛛网膜下腔出血,1例出现昏迷并持续高热,于术后8d死亡.9例(21％)经后期内科治疗后遗留不同程度的神经功能障碍.术前和术后不同时间NIHSS评分及ADL评分相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对治疗时间窗内的急性脑血管闭塞患者,微导管、微导丝机械性碎栓和(或)Solitaire AB支架结合动脉内注射rt-PA治疗是安全有效的.     

Solitaire-AB型支架取栓术治疗急性椎-基底动脉闭塞的疗效

目的 探讨Solitaire-AB型支架取栓术治疗急性椎-基底动脉闭塞的有效性及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年7月采用Solitaire-AB型支架取栓术治疗10例急性椎-基底动脉急性闭塞的临床资料。脑梗死溶栓（TICI）分级≥2b级认为血管再通。结果 10例取栓后均获得血管再通,TICI分级3级。1例合并枕叶少量出血,1周后复查出血消失。出院时mRS评分0分3例,1分1例,2分3例,3分1例,4分1例,死亡1例。出院3个月,mRS评分0分4例,1分3例,2分2例。结论 急性椎-基底动脉闭塞采取Solitaire-AB型支架取栓血流再通率高,能显著改善病人的预后。     

急性基底动脉闭塞超时间窗支架取栓术治疗的疗效分析

目的 探讨急性基底动脉闭塞超时间窗Solitaire支架机械取栓术治疗的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析2016年10月至2018年10月超时间窗Solitaire 支架机械取栓术治疗的8例基底动脉闭塞病人的临床资料。结果 8例经Solitaire 支架机械取栓后均成功获得再通。术前NIHSS评分为（24.83±2.71）分,术后30 d为（14.12±2.48）分,术后90 d为（8.12±2.48）分,两两比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后3个月改良Rankin量表 评分1分1例,2分1例,3分2例,4分2例,5分2例。MRA或CTA复查显示,1例血管闭塞（左侧大脑后动脉）,余7例无开通血管再闭塞。结论 超时间窗Solitaire 支架机械取栓术治疗急性基底动脉闭塞是有效的、相对安全。     

Solitaire~(TM)支架取栓治疗急性基底动脉闭塞研究

目的评估急性基底动脉闭塞患者使用SolitaireTM支架机械取栓的有效性和安全性,分析其临床预后的影响因素。方法回顾性分析本中心连续入组的30例急性基底动脉闭塞患者,均使用SolitaireTM支架设备进行机械取栓治疗分析支架,分析取栓治疗的再通率及并发症,评估治疗90 d临床预后,分析影响临床预后的因素。结果 30例患者均顺利完成机械取栓手术。患者平均年龄为(58.6±8.4)岁,术前美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分中位数25.5分(21.3,29.5),格拉斯哥昏迷量表(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)评分中位数8分(6.0,9.8),改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,m RS)评分中位数5分(5.0,5.0)。成功再通[脑梗死溶栓分级(Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia Scale,TICI)3或2b级]28例(93.3%),6例(20.0%)发生症状性颅内出血,9例(30.0%)患者预后良好(m RS 0~2分)。9例死亡,死亡率为30.0%(9/30)。术前患者意识不清(P=0.014)及m RS评分较高(P=0.020)与不良预后(m RS2分)相关。结论使用SolitaireTM支架进行急性基底动脉闭塞患者的机械取栓,有较高的再通率,能够改善功能性预后。     

支架取栓治疗急性椎基底动脉闭塞7例报道

目的观察急性椎基底动脉闭塞支架取栓治疗的安全性与可行性。方法分析2014年6月至2016年11月收治的支架取栓数据库中所有急性椎基底动脉闭塞患者的临床资料。结果共计7例患者中,4例为基底动脉闭塞,2例为椎基底动脉交界处闭塞,1例为椎动脉颅内段闭塞。治疗后6/7例(85.7%)实现血管再通。5/7例(71.4%)患者30 d m RS≤4,表明对神经功能恢复有意义。2/7例(28.6%)患者死亡,出血转化情况不明,余5例未发生出血转化。结论支架取栓是治疗急性椎基底动脉闭塞安全可行的方法;但需要随机对照研究进行证实。     

Solitaire AB支架机械取栓治疗急性颅内动脉闭塞

目的 探讨Solitaire AB支架机械取栓术治疗急性颅内大血管闭塞的疗效。方法 2011年3月至2014年11月收治46例急性颅内动脉闭塞的病人,均采用Solitaire AB支架机械取栓治疗。结果 46例患者取栓手术均取得成功,总再通率91.3%（42/46）;取栓次数为1~4次;取栓时间平均为23 min;术后死亡2例。出院后随访1~3个月,失访1例;改良Rankin量表评分0分31例,1分10例,2分1例,4分1例,6分2例。结论 动脉内机械取栓能大大缩短血管再通时间,最大程度的挽救缺血半暗带脑组织,减轻脑组织损伤,是治疗急颅内动脉闭塞的有效方法。     

Stent-based mechanical thrombectomy in acute basilar artery occlusion

Stent-based mechanical thrombectomy was recently proposed as an effective alternative to other mechanical techniques to achieve recanalization of large-vessel embolic occlusions in the anterior circulation. To our knowledge, there are no reports of the use of this technique in acute basilar artery occlusion (ABAO). We present a patient with complete endovascular recanalization of ABAO using a stent-based thrombectomy technique. Advantages and limitations of this technique in the management of ABAO are discussed. The stent-thrombectomy technique is promising, and will need further evaluation in posterior circulation stroke.     

机械再通治疗基底动脉急性闭塞的疗效分析

目的观察机械再通基底动脉急性闭塞的疗效,探讨机械再通基底动脉急性闭塞的可行性和安全性。方法回顾性分析近4年采用血管内机械再通治疗基底动脉急性闭塞7例患者的临床资料,观察术后即时效果和预后。结果 7例患者均实现机械再通。其中,3例患者因血管狭窄50%行支架成形术,1例患者因血管狭窄50%未行支架成形术,另3例有房颤病史患者无明显血管狭窄。出血死亡2例,植物存活1例,另4例恢复良好。5例存活者3月后mRS评分分别为1分1例,2分1例,3分2例,5分1例。结论机械再通治疗基底动脉急性闭塞成功率高,总体效果满意,是有效、安全的治疗方法。     

Emergent stent placement following intra-arterial thrombolysis for the treatment of acute basilar artery occlusion

Acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is a condition producing high rates of morbidity and mortality. Intravenous thrombolysis or intra-arterial thrombolysis are therapeutic options; however, the clinical outcomes remain poor. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate feasibility, safety, and efficacy of emergency stent placement following intra-arterial thrombolysis for patients with acute BAO. Thirty-six consecutive patients were treated for acute BAO using intra-arterial therapy from September 2004 to October 2009. Nine patients, with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ranging from 8 to 12, underwent emergency stent placement following inadequate revascularization after thrombolysis. Neurological status prior to treatment was evaluated using the GCS score. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 90 days post-treatment were used to assess functional outcome and we reviewed clinical records for frequency of procedure-related complications. Stents were deployed at the target lesion in all patients. Successful revascularization was achieved in eight of nine (88.9%) patients (residual stenosis <50%). The median GCS score prior to thrombolysis was 9 (range: 6-12) and prior to stent placement was 10 (range: 8-12). Four patients (44.4%) achieved good outcomes as determined by the mRS scale (0-2 at 90 days). Mortality was 33.3% in all procedures with one patient (11.1%) experiencing acute intrastent thrombus formation. No patient developed symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Data from our small case series demonstrates that emergency stent placement following intra-arterial thrombolysis is a feasible treatment for patients with acute BAO and may reduce mortality and prevent re-occlusion of the basilar artery.     

Outcome and recanalization rate of tandem basilar artery occlusion treated by mechanical thrombectomy

BackgroundTandem basilar artery occlusions (tBAO) are defined as concomitant basilar artery and extracranial dominant vertebral artery occlusions. The prognosis of such tBAO treated by mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has been scantly reported.The purpose of our study was to compare the safety and effectiveness of MT for patients with tBAO compared to those with non-tandem basilar artery occlusions (ntBAO).Patients and methodsRetrospective analysis of a database of patients who underwent MT at two academic centres. All patients treated for BAO were retrieved. Patients with tBAO, defined as a concomitant BAO and extracranial vertebral artery (VA) occlusion or severe stenosis ≥70% (V1 or proximal V2 segment) were compared with patients with ntBAO.ResultsA total of 15 patients with tBAO and 74 patients with ntBAO were enrolled. Successful reperfusion (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score ≥2b) was obtained in 73.3% versus 90.5% (OR = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.07–1.15), good clinical outcome (3-months modified Rankin scale ≤2) was reached by 26.7% versus 32.4% (OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.24–2.63) and mortality at 3-months was 46.7% versus 31% (OR = 1.94; 95%CI: 0.63–6) of patients with tBAO versus ntBAO, respectively. Two patients (13.3%) with tBAO and three (4%) with ntBAO had symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (OR = 3.64; 95% CI: 0.55–24).ConclusionMechanical thrombectomy for patients with tandem basilar artery occlusion tends to be associated with lower rates of successful reperfusion and good clinical outcome, and higher rate of mortality. Larger multicentre studies are warranted to better precise the proper selection and management of such patients.     

Long-term outcome of endovascular therapy for acute basilar artery occlusion

The long-term functional outcome of acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) patients who received modern endovascular therapy (EVT) is unclear. We sought to assess the long-term functional outcome of BAO patients treated with EVT and determine the prognostic factors associated with favorable outcome. We enrolled consecutive BAO patients who received EVT between December 2012 and December 2018 in this observational study. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were presented. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the prognostic factors associated with long-term outcome. Among the 177 BAO patients included in this study, 80 patients (45.2%) obtained favorable outcome and 97 patients (54.8%) had unfavorable outcome at long-term follow-up with a median observation time of 12 months (interquartile range, 3–19). A total of 67 patients (37.9%) died. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), posterior circulation Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (pc-ASPECTS), time from stroke onset to recanalization, and recanalization condition were identified as independent predictors for long-term outcome. Over 40% of BAO patients who were treated with modern EVT achieved favorable outcome at long-term follow-up. NIHSS, pc-ASPECTS, time from stroke onset to recanalization, and recanalization condition were identified as independent prognostic factors of long-term outcome.     

机械取栓治疗急性大动脉闭塞性轻型卒中

目的探讨血管内机械取栓治疗急性大动脉闭塞性轻型卒中患者的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性纳入2014年6月至2017年11月首都医科大学宣武医院神经外科急诊采用血管内机械取栓治疗的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分〈6分的急性大动脉闭塞性卒中患者,共16例。其中大脑中动脉闭塞5例（M1段闭塞2例,M2段闭塞3例）,大脑前动脉闭塞1例,颈内动脉闭塞2例,椎－基底动脉闭塞8例,对其中6例大动脉重度狭窄基础上的闭塞者,同期行急诊血管成形术。结果16例患者的闭塞血管均获得有效再通,术后脑梗死溶栓分级（TICI）3级12例,2b级4例;1例患者术后发生症状性脑出血而死亡,无血管内治疗操作相关的并发症;90 d改良Ranks量表评分0分8例,1分2例,2分3例,3分2例,6分（死亡）1例。结论初步临床经验显示,对于伴有急性大动脉闭塞性轻型卒中患者,血管内机械取栓治疗是安全有效的。     

机械取栓治疗低ASPECT评分的急性前循环大血管闭塞性卒中的初步观察

目的初步观察血管内机械取栓治疗Alberta卒中项目早期CT评分(ASPECTS)<6分的急性前循环大血管闭塞性卒中的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2015年7月至2020年1月北京医院神经外科采用血管内机械取栓治疗的30例ASPECTS<6分的急性前循环大血管闭塞性卒中患者的临床资料。30例患者的术前美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分中位数(范围)为17(7~37)分,ASPECTS为(3.8±1.0)分。头颅数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查显示,大脑中动脉闭塞13例(其中M1段闭塞11例,M2段闭塞2例),颈内动脉闭塞13例,颈内动脉与大脑中动脉串联闭塞病变4例。采用改良脑梗死溶栓(mTICI)分级对术后即刻血管再通情况进行评估,以mTICI分级2b或3级作为血管成功再通标准。根据欧洲急性卒中协作研究Ⅱ中的标准对出血转化进行分类,观察Ⅱ型脑实质血肿的发生率,用以评价血管内治疗的安全性。术后90 d通过门诊或电话进行随访,定义改良Rankin量表评分0~2分为神经功能预后良好,3~6分为预后不良。结果30例患者中,24例(80.0%)血管成功再通,术后2例(6.7%)发生Ⅱ型脑实质血肿。术后90 d行临床随访,33.3%(10/30)的患者获得良好临床预后,其中成功再通组9例(9/24,37.5%),未成功再通组1例(1/6);10例患者(10/30,33.3%)死亡,其中成功再通组7例(7/24,29.2%),未成功再通组3例(3/6)。基线ASPECTS 3~5分的患者中,获得良好神经功能预后者占37.0%(10/27),病死率为25.9%(7/27);基线ASPECTS 0~2分的患者中,获得良好神经功能预后者占比为0/3,病死比例为3/3。结论初步观察发现,对于基线ASPECTS 3~5分的急性前循环大血管闭塞性卒中患者,行血管内机械取栓治疗仍可能是安全有效的;但基线ASPECTS 0~2分的患者行血管内机械取栓治疗预后仍差。     

A thread of hope for successful revascularization for acute embolic basilar artery occlusion due to miserable vertebral artery stump syndrome. A technical report

Acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is associated with major morbidities and a high mortality rate. The prevalence of acute BAO is 10.4% among patients treated with thrombectomy for acute large vessel occlusion. Vertebral artery stump syndrome (VASS) reportedly causes ischemic stroke with tandem occlusions as vertebral artery (VA) origin occlusion and BAO. The pathogenesis of ischemic stroke due to VASS can be attributed to thrombi or emboli. Acute embolic BAO due to VASS accounted for 2 of 25 cases (8.0%) of BAO treated using thrombectomy between April 2014 and May 2019 in our registry. VASS must be considered as one cause of BAO. With the initial Magnetic resonance angiography on arrival, it is difficult to distinguish between BAO due to simple cardiogenic embolus and due to embolus caused by VASS rapidly. In patients suffering from acute embolic BAO due to VASS, the presence of VA origin occlusion makes endovascular therapy (EVT) difficult to perform. Here, we report consecutive cases of thrombectomy for acute embolic BAO due to VASS, showing markedly different outcomes. VA origin occlusion severely limits the technical options for EVT. Visualization or conjecture of the origin of both or dominant VAs conceivably offers the possibility of successful EVT and may allow good outcomes.     

支架机械取栓术治疗不同亚型急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中

支架机械取栓术治疗不同亚型急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中 邓一鸣 高峰 宋立刚 刘恋 霍晓川 莫大鹏 马宁 缪中荣 中华神经外科杂志, 2018,34（3） ： 226-230. DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-2346.2018.03.003 摘要目的对比分析采用可回收支架机械取栓（SRT）术治疗不同亚型急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中（AIS-LVO）患者的安全性及疗效。方法前瞻性纳入2016年3月至2017年9月在首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经病学中心实施血管内SRT术的LVO-AIS患者,共167例。根据急性缺血性卒中试验（TOAST）分型分为心源性栓塞（CE）组42例、大动脉粥样硬化性（LAA）闭塞组125例。比较两组的血管开通率、穿刺到血管开通时间、症状性颅内出血率、病死率及90 d预后良好率（改良Rankin量表评分0～2分）的差异。结果167例患者中,130例血管成功开通,开通率为77.8%。其中CE组30例（71.4%）,LAA闭塞组100例（80.0%）;CE组穿刺到开通中位时间为82（45～132）min,LAA闭塞组为53（40～90）min;CE组中位取栓次数为3.0（2.0～5.0）次,LAA闭塞组为2.0（2.0～4.0）次;术中发生症状性颅内出血6例（3.6%）,其中CE组2例（4.8%）,LAA闭塞组4例（3.2%）;死亡11例（6.6%）,其中CE组4例（9.5%）,LAA闭塞组7例（5.6%）。术后90 d预后良好者69例（41.3%）,其中CE组15例（35.7%）,LAA组54例（43.2%）。两组比较,除穿刺到开通时间差异有统计学意义外（P＝0.023 ）,取栓次数、开通率、术中症状性颅内出血率、病死率及90 d预后良好率,差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。结论血管内SRT术治疗CE、LAA亚型AIS-LVO同样安全、有效。