乳腺癌改良根治术后皮下积液的高危因素

目的:分析乳腺癌改良根治术后发生皮下积液的危险因素,并探讨相应的干预对策。方法:回顾分析2009年3月至2013年3月,我院收治的40例乳腺癌行改良根治术并发皮下积液的患者资料,同时搜集性别、民族相同、年龄相差3岁内未发生皮下积液行改良根治术的乳腺癌患者,配对的患者手术时间相差在一周内,手术操作均为同一医生和同一组护理人员,进行1∶2配对。对两组患者的年龄、民族、手术时间、肿瘤发生部位、肿瘤大小、手术切口类型及既往病史、用药等资料进行统计分析。随访患者术后皮下积液的情况。结果:对是否发生术后皮下积液的两组患者进行单因素和多因素影响分析,糖尿病（OR=1.886,95%CI:0.379~11.502）、淋巴结转移（OR=4.845,95%CI:1.465~16.342）、生物蛋白胶的使用（OR=0.302,95%CI:0.135~0.675）是乳腺癌改良根治术后发生皮下积液的危险因素。有基础疾病、淋巴结转移的乳腺癌改良根治术后发生皮下积液可能性是无基础病、无淋巴结转移患者的1.886倍、4.845倍。使用生物蛋白胶的乳腺癌改良根治术后发生皮下积液的可能性是不使用生物蛋白胶的0.302倍。乳腺肿瘤发生部位、肿瘤大小、手术切口类型与乳腺癌术后皮下积液无明显相关(P＞0.05)。结论:合并有基础疾病、淋巴结转移的乳腺癌患者行改良根治术后易发生皮下积液。使用生物蛋白胶的乳腺癌患者行改良根治术后发生皮下积液的可能性降低。肿瘤发生部位、肿瘤大小、手术切口类型与乳腺癌术后皮下积液无明显相关。     

超声刀对乳腺癌改良根治术患者疗效的影响

目的探讨超声刀对乳腺癌改良根治术患者疗效的影响。方法选取146例乳腺癌患者,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组73例和观察组73例。手术方式均为改良根治术,对照组使用电刀清扫腋窝淋巴结,观察组使用超声刀清扫腋窝淋巴结。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量、术后总引流量、术后拔引流管时间、伤口愈合时间、总住院时间及术后7天内并发症(皮下积液、皮瓣坏死、术后出血)的发生情况。结果两组患者的淋巴结清扫数量比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);观察组患者的术中出血量、术后总引流量明显少于对照组(P﹤0.01),手术时间、术后拔引流管时间、伤口愈合时间、总住院时间均明显短于对照组(P﹤0.01);观察组患者术后皮下积液、皮瓣坏死、术后出血的发生率均低于对照组(P﹤0.05)。结论与使用电刀比较,乳腺癌改良根治术中使用超声刀清扫腋窝淋巴结,可缩短手术时间,降低术中出血量、术后总引流量及皮下积液等并发症的发生率,值得临床推广使用。     

乳腺癌改良根治术手术技巧对皮下积液的预防

目的探讨乳腺癌改良根治术手术技巧对皮下积液的预防。方法回顾性分析行乳腺癌改良根治术（Auchincloss术式）的乳腺癌患者418例,术中依据乳腺淋巴回流行淋巴管结扎,同时腋窝侧只留置一条皮下引流管行负压吸引,术后无需任何形式加压包扎。结果418例中仅12例出现术后皮下积液〉10天,发生率约为2.9%,所有积液患者在术后两周内〈14天拔除引流管。结论乳腺癌改良根治术术中依据乳腺淋巴回流行淋巴管结扎,是1种有效的预防皮下积液的手术方法,术后无需任何形式加压包扎且皮下只需留置腋窝侧一条负压吸引管。     

超声刀在乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结清扫术中的应用及效果评价

目的探讨超声刀在乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结清扫术中的临床应用价值。方法以2012年6月至2013年7月期间收治的行乳腺癌改良根治术患者152例为研究对象,其中63例术中采用超声刀清扫腋窝淋巴结(超声刀组),89例采用高频电刀(电刀组),比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术中副损伤、术后引流量、引流管留置时间、淋巴结检出数目和皮下积液的发生情况。结果超声刀组与电刀组相比较,手术时间和淋巴结检出数目的差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术中出血量、术后引流量、引流管留置时间及皮下积液的发生率,超声刀组均较电刀组减少,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);两组均无血管、神经等副损伤。结论在乳腺癌改良根治术中应用超声刀清扫腋窝淋巴结安全、可行,具有创伤小、术中出血少、并发症发生率低等优点。     

腋窝处皮瓣外固定预防乳腺癌术后皮下积液的临床应用

目的:探讨腋窝处皮瓣外固定预防乳腺癌术后皮下积液的临床效果.方法:我院2009年5月至2009年11月期间共115例患者行乳腺癌改良根治术,随机分为外固定组(52例)和对照组(63例),外固定组术中使用腋窝处皮瓣外固定技术,对照组采用常规切口缝合;比较两组患者术后引流量、引流管留置时间和皮下积液的发生情况.结果:外固定组患者术后引流管拔除时间明显少于常规组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).外固定组术后皮下积液发生率小于常规组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:乳腺癌术中腋窝处皮肤外固定可以明显降低术后引流量,减少皮下积液的发生率,有利于皮瓣的愈合.     

淋巴管结扎联合医用胶预防乳腺癌术后皮下积液分析

目的探讨术中结扎腋窝淋巴管联合医用胶的应用,对乳腺癌改良根治术后皮下积液发生的作用。方法将184例行改良根治术的原发性乳腺癌患者分为两组,对照组100例采用腋窝负压引流及切口加压包扎,实验组84例在对照组方法的基础上采用结扎腋窝淋巴管联合创面喷洒医用胶;比较两组术后的引流情况,皮下积液及其他并发症的发生率。结果实验组术后第1、2、3天的引流量分别为（72.9±32.3）ml、（65.4±27.6）ml和（34.2±19.5）ml,均明显少于对照组[（88.5±35.1）ml、（92.8±30.8）ml和（47.6±27.4）ml]（P〈0.01）;实验组引流天数[（9.2±5.2）天]也较对照组[（13.8±6.7）天]明显缩短（P〈0.01）;实验组术后积液发生率为6.0%,明显低于对照组（15.0%）（P=0.03）;而切口感染、皮瓣坏死发生率两组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论乳腺癌改良根治术中腋窝淋巴管结扎联合医用胶,能进一步降低皮下积液的发生率。     

乳腺癌改良根治术后腋窝积液防治对策的探讨

目的:分析乳腺癌改良根治术后腋窝积液的发生原因和影响因素,探讨减少腋窝引流量及缩短引流时间的方法.方法:回顾性分析2007-01-2008-12我院收治的105例乳腺癌改良根治术病例的临床资料,筛选影响腋窝积液发生的7个相关因素,以Logistic回归方法进行分析,确定风险因素;再针对导致腋窝积液发生的危险因素进行前瞻性干预研究.将2009-01-2010-06收治的152例乳腺癌病例随机分为3组,比较不同的腋窝处理方式对腋窝积液发生率、引流量及持续时间的影响.结果:回顾组32例(30.48％)发生腋窝积液,其中淋巴漏性积液占46.9％,渗出性积液占37.5％.对所收集的7个相关因素应用SPSS 13.0软件进行Logistic回归分析,在α=0.05水平上筛选出3个乳腺癌术后发生腋窝积液的危险因素,分别为合并糖尿病(OR=4.520)、转移淋巴结个数(OR=3.762)和术后肩关节过早活动(OR=2.939).丝线结扎+腋窝成型组腋窝积液的发生率为3.92％,与超声刀封闭+腋窝成型组相近(发生率为4％,P=0.800),明显低于单纯腋窝成型组(发生率为17.64％,P=0.051),且两组的引流量和拔管时间也明显低于单纯腋窝成型组,但两组之间差异无统计学意义;单纯腋窝成型组和回顾组在积液发生率、拔管时间差异均无统计学意义,但引流量明显低于回顾组[533(178) vs 689(269.5)],x2=4.7,P=0.000.结论:真性淋巴漏和创面渗出是导致腋窝积液的主要原因;腋窝成型术能有效消灭腋窝死腔,显著降低引流量;彻底结扎腋窝淋巴管可缩短引流时间;两者综合应用可以有效预防腋窝积液的发生.     

医用蛋白胶在预防乳腺癌术后并发症的应用

目的探讨医用蛋白胶在乳腺癌术后减少并发症皮下积液、皮瓣坏死的作用。方法将122例乳腺癌患者随机分成观察组(62例)和对照组(60例)。观察组行乳腺癌改良根治术的同时在手术创面喷医用蛋白胶5m l,对照组仅行乳腺癌改良根治术。观察两组术后3d皮下引流量、皮下积液、皮瓣坏死情况,以确定医用蛋白胶对乳腺癌改良根治术术后并发症的预防效果。结果观察组术后第1~3天引流量少于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后皮下积液和皮瓣坏死发生率少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌术应用医用蛋白胶,可有效地减少皮下积液、皮瓣坏死,促进创面愈合。     

综合措施在乳腺癌改良根治术后皮下积液防治中的作用——附45例报告

为了探讨综合措施在乳腺癌改良根治术后皮下积液防治中的作用,对45例行改良根治术的女性乳腺癌患者采取综合治疗措施,包括术中电刀的合理应用、彻底止血和淋巴管结扎、纤维蛋白胶的使用、重视术后切口的包扎及术后适时拔除引流管,观察术后皮下积液的发生率.结果：仅4例患者术后发生皮下积液,发生率为8.89%,均经细针穿刺抽液后消失.初步研究结果显示,采取综合措施能够明显降低乳腺癌改良根治术后皮下积液的发生率.     

乳腺癌根治术后改良双管负压引流预防皮下积液85例

目的:乳腺癌根治术后单管和改良双管为双套管负压引流两种方法预防皮下积液效果。方法:将190例病人随机分为单管(105例)和双套管(85例)两组,观察二组病人术后皮下积液发生率。结果:乳腺癌根治术后单管负压引流和双套管负压引流,皮下积液的发生率分别为17.48%(17/105)和5.88%(5/85),P<0.05,差异显著。结论:乳腺癌术后利用双套管负压引流较单管负压引流较好地预防了皮下积液并发症。     

Comparative In- Vitro Activity of Fourteen Antibiotics Against Clinical Isolates of Enterococci

Summary

The in-vitto antibacterial activities of fourteen antimicrobial agents, including ampicillin, amikacin, Augmentin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, penicillin G, piperacillin, rifampicin, streptomycin and vancomycin, were compared against 195 enterococcal strains isolated from clinical specimens received at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Saudi Arabia. The antibacterial susceptibility was determined by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) using an agar dilution method. Ampicillin, Augmentin and vancomycin exhibited the greatest activity, inhibiting 90% of the tested strains (MIC90) at 2 μg/ml, followed by penicillin G and piperacillin with MIC90 of 4 μg/ml. Erythromycin, third generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and rifampicin, on the other hand, had poor activity against enterococci with MIC90s well above the obtainable serum concentrations. The clinical implications of resistance to aminoglycosides and the alternative antimicrobial therapy in serious entrococcal infections are discussed in the text.     

裘法祖教授生平

Prof.Fazu Qiu,member of the Chinese Communist Party,surgery professor of Tongji Hospital,departed in Tongji Hospital,Wuhan,China,at fourteen to nine a.m,June 14,2008,after a disease.He turns 94 this year.He was the senior academician of the Academia Sinica,the illustrious medical scientist of China,and the Honorary Director of Tongji Medical College,as well as Huazhong University of Science & Technology.     

2014—2018年广西宾阳县恶性肿瘤发病、死亡和疾病负担及其趋势分析

目的 分析2014—2018年广西宾阳县恶性肿瘤的发病、死亡和疾病负担及其时间变化趋势,为该县科学制定恶性肿瘤防治策略提供参考。方法 收集2014—2018年广西宾阳县恶性肿瘤发病和死亡数据,计算粗发病率、粗死亡率、中国人口标化发病/死亡率（简称中标发病/死亡率）和世界人口标化率（简称世标发病率/死亡率）,分析恶性肿瘤发病和死亡情况。采用伤残损失寿命年（years of lived with disability,YLDs）、过早死亡损失寿命年（years of life lost,YLLs）和伤残调整寿命年（disability-adjusted life years,DALYs）等指标评价恶性肿瘤所致的疾病负担情况。利用Joinpoint回归模型估计恶性肿瘤发病率、死亡率及DALYs率的平均年度变化百分比（average annual percent change,AAPC）,评价其变化趋势。结果 2014—2018年广西宾阳县恶性肿瘤共报告新发病例数11 536例,粗发病率为219.64/10万,中标发病率为180.25/10万;共报告死亡病例数6 970例,粗死亡率为132.70/10万,中标死亡率为103.44/10万。2014—2018年广西宾阳县恶性肿瘤粗发病率变化呈增长趋势,但变化差异无统计学意义（AAPC=9.88%,t=2.11,P=0.125）;粗死亡率由2014年的103.08/10万增长至2018年的149.35/10万,平均每年增长10.83%（AAPC=10.83%,t=4.03,P=0.027）。恶性肿瘤发病前10位依次为肝癌、肺癌、女性乳腺癌、结直肠癌、子宫颈癌、胃癌、鼻咽癌、食管癌、脑瘤和甲状腺癌,占全部恶性肿瘤发病的81.33%。恶性肿瘤死亡前10位依次为肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、女性乳腺癌、结直肠癌、鼻咽癌、子宫颈癌、食管癌、脑瘤和白血病,占全部恶性肿瘤死亡的86.11%。2014—2018年广西宾阳县恶性肿瘤造成的DALYs共计108 848.61人年,DALYs率为2 072.40/10万人年。恶性肿瘤DALYs率从2014年的1 637.17/10万人年增长至2018年的2 366.51/10万人年,平均每年增长10.87%（AAPC=10.87%,t=4.72,P=0.018）。DALYs率前10位恶性肿瘤依次为肝癌、肺癌、女性乳腺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、鼻咽癌、子宫颈癌、脑瘤、白血病和子宫体癌。结论 2014—2018年广西宾阳县恶性肿瘤的发病率、死亡率和DALYs率较高,死亡率和DALYs率呈较快增长趋势。肝癌、肺癌、女性乳腺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、鼻咽癌和子宫颈癌等是广西宾阳县重点防治的恶性肿瘤。     

Progress against cancer in the Netherlands since the late 1980s: an epidemiological evaluation

Progress against cancer through prevention and treatment is often measured by survival statistics only instead of analyzing trends in incidence, survival and mortality simultaneously because of interactive influences. This study combines these parameters of major cancers to provide an overview of the progress achieved in the Netherlands since 1989 and to establish in which areas action is needed. The population-based Netherlands Cancer Registry and Statistics Netherlands provided incidence, 5-year relative survival and mortality of 23 major cancer types. Incidence, survival and mortality changes were calculated as the estimated annual percentage change. Optimal progress was defined as decreasing incidence and/or improving survival accompanied by declining mortality, and deterioration as increasing incidence and/or deteriorating survival accompanied by increasing mortality rates. Optimal progress was observed in 12 of 19 cancer types among males: laryngeal, lung, stomach, gallbladder, colon, rectal, bladder, prostate and thyroid cancer, leukemia, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Among females, optimal progress was observed in 12 of 21 cancers: stomach, gallbladder, colon, rectal, breast, cervical, uterus, ovarian and thyroid cancer, leukemia, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Deterioration occurred in three cancer types among males: skin melanoma, esophageal and kidney cancer, and among females six cancer types: skin melanoma, oral cavity, pharyngeal, esophageal, pancreatic and lung cancer. Our conceptual framework limits misinterpretations from separate trends and generates a more balanced discussion on progress.     

阿帕替尼调控WWOX对子宫内膜癌细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭的影响及其机制研究

目的:探讨阿帕替尼（Apatinib）是否通过包含氧化还原酶的WW结构域（WWOX）影响子宫内膜癌细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭。方法:噻唑蓝（MTT）比色法检测4 μmol/L、8 μmol/L、16 μmol/L、32 μmol/L Apatinib作用于子宫内膜癌细胞HEC-1 24 h、48 h、72 h后的细胞活性,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;蛋白质印迹法（Western blot）检测细胞周期蛋白D1（Cyclin D1）、p21、B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2（Bcl-2）、Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bax）、基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）、E-钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）、WWOX蛋白水平,Transwell小室法检测迁移细胞数、侵袭细胞数。在HEC-1中转染pcDNA3.1-WWOX,或转染si-WWOX并用16 μmol/L Apatinib进行处理,采用上述方法评估细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭情况。结果:Apatinib明显降低HEC-1细胞活性（P＜0.05）,呈剂量、时间依赖性;Apatinib显著增加HEC-1细胞凋亡率及p21、Bax蛋白表达量（P＜0.05）,呈剂量依赖性;Apatinib明显降低Cyclin D1、Bcl-2蛋白表达量（P＜0.05）,呈剂量依赖性;16 μmol/L Apatinib显著减少HEC-1细胞的迁移细胞数、侵袭细胞数、MMP-2蛋白表达量（P＜0.05）,明显提高E-cadherin、WWOX蛋白表达量（P＜0.05）。过表达WWOX明显降低HEC-1细胞中Cyclin D1、Bcl-2、MMP-2蛋白表达量、细胞活性、迁移细胞数、侵袭细胞数（P＜0.05）,提高p21、Bax、E-cadherin、WWOX蛋白表达量及细胞凋亡率（P＜0.05）。抑制WWOX表达逆转了Apatinib对HEC-1细胞中Cyclin D1、Bcl-2、MMP-2蛋白表达量、细胞活性、迁移、侵袭的抑制作用,以及逆转了其对p21、Bax、E-cadherin、WWOX蛋白表达量、细胞凋亡的促进作用。结论:阿帕替尼通过调控WWOX表达,抑制子宫内膜癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭,并诱导细胞凋亡。     

Modifiable risk factors for cancer

Over 6 million people around the world die from cancer each year. Modifiable risk factors have been linked to a wide range of malignancies, including cancers of the oropharynx, oesophagus, larynx, lung, kidney, bladder, pancreas, skin, stomach, ovary, breast, cervix, uterus, prostate, and colon. Research indicates that over half of all cancers in developed countries could be prevented if we implemented population-wide measures to promote the following behaviours: reduce tobacco use, increase physical activity, control weight, improve diet, limit alcohol, utilise safer sex practices, get routine cancer screening tests, and avoid excess sun exposure.     

YC-1抑制人类白血病细胞株 U937、THP-1增殖作用的研究

 【摘要】　目的　探讨YC-1对人类白血病细胞株U937和THP-1增殖、凋亡、周期及Caspase-3、-8、-9蛋白表达的影响。方法　实验分为YC-1组（1.0、3.0、10.0 μmol／L）,以不加YC-1组为对照。四甲基偶氮唑蓝比色（MTT）法检测细胞增殖;流式细胞术（FCM）检测细胞凋亡及周期;Western blot检测Caspase-3、-8、-9蛋白表达的变化。结果　1.0、3.0、10.0 μmol／L YC-1以剂量依赖方式抑制U937、THP-1细胞增殖,24 h细胞存活率分别为（76.5±4.4）%、（68.7±6.8）%、（60.9±13.2）%,（94.1±1.4）%、（81.4±2.0）%、（72.7±3.0）%,与对照组的100 %比较差异均有统计学意义（F＝15.870、126.629,均P＜0.01）。U937、THP-1细胞经1.0、3.0、10.0 μmol／L YC-1作用24 h后,凋亡率分别为（40.7±1.0）%、（55.6±2.3）%、（71.8±1.5）%,（34.6±2.0）%、（50.3±3.5）%、（59.6±4.6）%,与对照组的（4.7±1.4）%、（1.8±1.0）%比较差异均有统计学意义（F＝937.229、200.447,均P＜0.01）,但细胞周期无明显变化。经1.0、3.0、10.0 μmol／L YC-1作用24 h后,U937细胞Cleaved Caspase-3、-8蛋白表达上调,Caspase-9无变化,THP-1细胞Cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达上调,Caspase-8、-9无变化。结论　YC-1能够抑制U937、THP-1细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,但对周期无影响,其诱导白血病细胞凋亡的机制可能与Caspase蛋白活化有关。     

Race and sex differences in associations of vegetables,fruits, and carotenoids with lung cancer risk in New Jersey (United States)

We used data from a case-control study conducted in New Jersey between 1980 and 1983 to evaluate race and sex differences in associations of vegetable, fruit, and carotenoid consumption with lung cancer. Cases included 736 White males, 860 White females, 269 Black males, and 86 Black females with incident, histologically confirmed, primary cancer of the trachea, bronchus, or lung. Controls were identified through drivers' license and Health Care Financing Administration files and included 548 White males, 473 White females, 170 Black males, and 47 Black females. Usual intakes of vegetables (predominantly yellow/green) and fruit (predominantly yellow/orange) as well as other food sources of carotenoids were ascertained by a food frequency questionnaire. White females showed significant inverse associations of lung cancer with vegetables, fruit, and carotenoids. White males showed nonsignificant inverse associations with vegetables and carotenoids, and Black females just with vegetables. No inverse associations were found for Black males. Vegetable consumption was associated with risk of all histologic types of lung cancer, but the pattern of increasing risk with decreasing intake was limited to smokers. We infer that consumption of yellow/green vegetables and carotenoids may confer protection from lung cancer to White male and White female smokers. Further studies are needed to clarify the effect in Blacks.Drs Dorgan and Shaw are with the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, and Drs Ziegler and Hartge, and Ms Falk are with the Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. Authors also are affiliated with the Special Epidemiology Program, New Jersey State Department of Health, Trenton, NJ, USA (Ms Schoenberg and Mr Wilcox) and Information Management Services, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, USA (Ms McAdams). Address correspondence to Dr Dorgan, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute, Executive Plaza North, Room 211, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.     

Dermatophytosis in Buffaloes, Cattle and Their Attendants. Dermatophytosen bei Büffeln, Rindern und ihren Wärtern

Summary:  A survey on dermatophytosis was carried out at dairy farms of Habbowal and Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana (India). On direct microscopy and/or culture dermatophytosis was revealed in 107 (0.59%) of 18 099 Murrah buffaloes, 77 (1.56%) of 4 923 cattle and 27 (3.98%) of 678 farm workers. The fungi isolated from various sources in order of decreasing isolation frequency are: Buffaloes: Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum, Microsporum gypseum, Keratinomyces ajelloi, Chrysosporium ; Cattle: T. verrucosum, T. mentagropytes, M. gypseum ; Farm workers: T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, M. gypseum, Epidermophyton floccosum, T. violoaceum. The disease occurred throughout the year in all ages, breeds and sexes of animals with a higher prevalence during winter, in young cross-bred male buffaloes and cattle of private dairy farms.
Zusammenfassung:  Auf Milchfarmen der Landwirtschaftlichen Universität Habbowal und Punjab (PAU), Ludhiana (Indien), wurde eine Dermatophytosis-Studie durchgeführt. Mikroskopisch und/oder kulturell wurde an 107 (0.59%) von 18 099 Murrah-Büffeln, an 77 (1.56%) von 4 923 Rindern und an 27 (3.98%) von 678 Landarbeitern eine Dermatophytose festgestellt. Die aus verschiedenen Entnahmebereichen isolierten Pilze waren in abnehmender Häufigkeit: Bei Büffeln: Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum, Microsporum gypseum, Keratinomyces ajelloi, Chrysosporium. Bei Rindern: T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes, M. gypseum. Bei Landarbeitern: T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, M. gypseum, Epidermophyton floccosum, T. violaceum. Die Krankheit trat das ganze Jahr über in allen Altersstufen, Zuchten und Geschlechtern auf, mit stärkerer Verbreitung im Winter, in jungen, männlichen Hybrid-Büffeln und an Rindern auf privaten Milchfarmen.     

胃神经内分泌肿瘤预后相关因素的临床分析（附71例）

目的:分析71例胃神经内分泌肿瘤（G-NEN）的临床特征及预后相关因素。方法:回顾性分析2009年7月至2018年10月西京医院收治的71例G-NEN患者的临床病理资料及随访资料,分析其临床病理学特征及预后相关因素。结果:单因素生存分析结果显示:5年生存率与年龄、肿瘤分级、TNM分期、肿瘤转移方面差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;3年生存率与肿瘤分级、TNM分期、肿瘤转移方面差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;1年生存率与TNM分期、肿瘤转移方面差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素 Cox风险生存模型统计结果表明TNM分期和复发转移是影响胃神经内分泌癌预后的独立因素（P<0.05）,性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、肿瘤分类、肿瘤分级、化疗与否、手术方式等与其预后无关（P>0.05）。复发转移在性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、肿瘤分级、肿瘤分类、脉管/神经侵犯、淋巴结转移数目、淋巴结转移、手术方式、辅助化疗上均不存在显著差异（P>0.05）;是否复发转移在TNM分期上存在显著差异（P<0.05）。结论:年龄、肿瘤分级、肿瘤分期、是否复发转移是影响胃神经内分泌癌患者术后生存时间的因素,肿瘤分期、是否复发转移是影响患者预后的独立危险因素。