亚实性肺结节在ⅠA期肺癌影像诊断中的价值

背景与目的：亚实性肺结节(subsolid pulmonary nodule,SSPN)作为一种特征性而非特异性的肺部病灶与早期肺癌关系密切,为探讨其对ⅠA期肺癌的诊断价值,本研究将分析不同性质SSPNs的CT诊断及鉴别诊断要点。方法：收集2008年4月—2014年4月在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院行CT引导Hookwire定位下胸腔镜手术(video assisted thoracic surgery,VATS)治疗的405例孤立性肺结节(solitary pulmonary nodule,SPN)患者的临床及影像学资料。根据磨玻璃影(ground-glass opacity,GGO)成分含量将SPNs分为单纯型磨玻璃影(pure ground-glass opacity,pGGO)、混合型磨玻璃影(mixed ground-glass opacity,mGGO)和实性结节(solid nodule,SN)3组,并统计各组恶性率。根据术后病理结果,再将SSPNs分为ⅠA期肺癌组和良性组,分析对比影响SSPN良、恶性的影像学特征。结果：共纳入405例SPN患者,其中SSPNs有367例(包括124例pGGOs和243例mGGOs),且在ⅠA期肺癌中的发生率明显高于良性组[95.9%(257/268) vs 80.3%(110/137),P<0.001]。SSPN的总恶性率为70.0%(257/367),且mGGO的恶性率(72.0%)要高于pGGO(66.1%)和SN(28.9%)。恶性SSPN多发生于中年女性肺上叶,且病灶边界不清、边缘毛刺、分叶和胸膜凹陷征的发生率高于良性组(P<0.05)。结论：SSPN是肺癌的重要征象,且以mGGO的恶性倾向最高。若中年女性伴有肺上叶的SSPN,且病灶边界不清、边缘出现毛刺、分叶或胸膜凹陷时,应高度怀疑恶性。     

高分辨CT对肺良恶性磨玻璃结节的诊断价值

目的 分析高分辨CT影像学检查对良恶性肺GGN的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析经过高分辨CT发现55例具有GGN的患者,经过手术和穿刺活检病理结果分为良性组(21例)、恶性组(34例),收集整理相关临床及影像资料,分析良、恶性GGN不同CT影像特点及诊断价值。结果 良、恶性肺GGN在年龄、吸烟指数、恶性肿瘤家族史、GGN病变最大径、毛刺征、空泡征、分叶征、胸膜凹陷征、血管集束征、支气管充气征和CT值方面具有差异,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中年龄偏大、吸烟史、毛刺征、空泡征、分叶征、胸膜凹陷征、血管集束征和增高的CT值是恶性肺GGN的危险因素。结论 年龄、吸烟史、毛刺征、空泡征、分叶征、胸膜凹陷征、血管集束征和增高的CT值对良、恶性肺GGN有诊断价值,而部分良性肺GGN需进一步结合患者情况和其他辅助检查等综合判断。     

周围型非小细胞肺癌CT征象与临床病理分型的关系

目的:探讨周围型非小细胞肺癌CT征象与临床病理类型的关系。方法:选择2015年1月至2017年9月在我院就诊的周围型非小细胞肺癌患者154例作为研究对象,观察患者CT征象与临床病理分型的关系。结果:不同病灶位置病理类型分布差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。腺癌、鳞癌、腺鳞癌实性高密度结节发生率高于肺泡癌,鳞癌磨玻璃样密度结节发生率低于腺癌、肺泡癌和腺鳞癌,肺泡癌磨玻璃密度结节发生率高于腺癌、鳞癌和腺鳞癌,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。腺癌的CT征象主要表现为血管穿过征、分叶征、毛刺征,较少表现为空泡征、血管集束征和胸膜凹陷征;鳞癌的CT征象主要表现为分叶征,较少表现为毛刺征、空泡征、血管穿过征、血管集束征;肺泡癌CT征象主要表现为血管穿过征、空泡征、胸膜凹陷征,较少表现为血管集束征、分叶征、毛刺征;腺鳞癌CT征象主要表现为分叶征、血管穿过征和毛刺征,较少表现为空泡征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷征。结论:周围型非小细胞肺癌病理分型与CT征象具有一定关联,临床可通过不同CT征象对病理类型进行预判断,以对进一步诊治进行指导。     

肺磨玻璃结节的胸部CT影像特征及其对结节良恶性的诊断价值

目的:观察肺磨玻璃结节（GGN）的胸部CT征象,分析其在结节良恶性诊断中的价值。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月至2019年9月解放军总医院收治的65例具有GGN的CT影像征象的患者,根据病理结果分为良性组（26例）、恶性组（39例）,收集整理相关临床及影像资料,分析良、恶性GGN不同CT影像特点及诊断价值。结果:良、恶性肺GGN在病变直径、形状、边界、分叶征、毛刺征、空泡征、支气管充气征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷征和密度具有差异,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 其中胸膜凹陷征的诊断灵敏度和特异度最高,分别为76.92％和73.08％;而粗糙边界的诊断灵敏度和特异度最低,分别为25.64％和26.92％。分叶征、胸膜凹陷征的AUC值分别为0.718、0.75,对恶性GGN有较高的预测价值。结论:肺GGN的胸部CT征象（病变直径、形状、边界、分叶征、毛刺征、空泡征、支气管充气征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷征、密度）有助于鉴别诊断良、恶性肺GGN。     

多层螺旋CT检查对周围型肺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)检查对周围型肺癌的诊断价值。方法 收集88例疑似周围型肺癌患者的病历资料,所有患者均接受MSCT检查和病理学检查。以病理结果为金标准,分析MSCT检查对周围型肺癌的诊断价值;比较不同组织学类型周围型肺癌患者的MSCT征象;分析周围型肺癌患者MSCT征象与腺癌、鳞状细胞癌的相关性。结果 病理学检查诊断周围型肺癌72例,MSCT检查诊断周围型肺癌66例。MSCT诊断周围型肺癌的准确度、灵敏度及特异度分别为86.36%(76/88)、87.50%(63/72)、81.25%(13/16)。MSCT检查结果显示,腺癌28例,鳞状细胞癌26例,腺鳞癌10例,小细胞癌2例。不同组织学类型周围型肺癌患者MSCT征象中空泡征、磨玻璃征、深分叶征、空气支气管征、毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征、支气管血管集束征比较,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。Spearman相关分析结果显示,深分叶征与鳞状细胞癌呈负相关（P﹤0.01）,支气管血管集束征与腺癌呈负相关（P﹤0.01）,空泡征、磨玻璃征、空气支气管征、毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征均与腺癌呈正相关（P﹤0.05）。结论 MSCT征象与周围...     

亚厘米纯磨玻璃密度肺腺癌的计算机断层扫描特征及临床意义

目的分析亚厘米纯磨玻璃密度肺腺癌的计算机断层扫描(CT)特征及临床意义。方法将100例亚厘米纯磨玻璃密度肺腺癌患者按浸润情况分为浸润组(n=35)和非浸润组(n=65),所有患者均接受胸部CT检查。比较两组患者病灶大小、部位、密度及CT征象。结果浸润组病灶最大径明显大于非浸润组,毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征及血管集束征发生率均明显高于非浸润组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。多因素Logistic分析显示,病灶最大径﹥0.845 cm、有毛刺征及血管集束征为亚厘米纯磨玻璃密度肺腺癌存在浸润性的危险因素(P﹤0.05)。亚厘米纯磨玻璃密度肺腺癌病灶最大径评价浸润性的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线的曲线下面积为0.867(95%CI=0.797~0.938),cut-off值为0.845 cm,对应灵敏度为83.6%,特异度为76.8%,约登指数为0.604。结论病灶最大径﹥0.845 cm、有毛刺征及血管集束征是亚厘米纯磨玻璃密度肺腺癌存在浸润性的危险因素。     

肺部孤立空洞性肺癌的CT诊断(附38例分析)

目的　探讨空洞性肺癌的CT诊断。材料与方法　 3 8例经手术、病理或临床证实的孤立空洞性肺癌。男性 3 2例 ,女性 6例。大部分行CT平扫及增强扫描。结果　本组病例出现较多的征象有 :①病灶边缘分叶征、毛刺征及血管集束征。②空洞壁厚度 >0 .3cm。③空洞内壁结节。结论　根据患者年龄、吸烟史及典型CT征象有助于空洞性肺癌的诊断 ,而空洞大小、是否偏心等对空洞性肺癌的CT诊断无大意义。钙化有助于良性病变的诊断。     

31例原发性肺黏液腺癌的CT表现与病理特点分析

目的分析原发性肺黏液腺癌的CT表现及病理特点。方法选取31例原发性肺黏液腺癌患者的临床资料,全部病例均经病理检查确诊为肺黏液腺癌,且术前影像资料和相关病理资料均完整。结果 31例病例中,周围型26例(83.9%),中央型5例(16.1%),不规则、磨玻璃结节14例(45.2%)、伴毛刺征11例(35.5%)、分叶征14例(45.2%)。结论原发性肺黏液性腺癌,以周围型居多,临床表现缺乏特异性。其CT影像表现具有一定特异性,可呈现为软组织密度不规则团块影或磨玻璃结节,伴分叶征、毛刺征。     

超声联合CT在宫颈癌鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨超声联合CT在宫颈癌中的鉴别诊断价值。方法选取2017年1月至2019年6月间延安市中医医院收治的135例宫颈占位性病变患者,其中65例宫颈癌患者纳入宫颈癌组,70例宫颈良性病变患者纳入良性组。两组患者均采用超声联合CT诊断,记录影像学特征,判断鉴别诊断价值。结果宫颈癌组患者病灶微钙化、内部回声不均匀、侧方声影、回声衰减、边界不清晰和形态不规则等比例均高于良性组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。宫颈癌组患者开始灌注时间、开始灌注强度和峰值时间都少于良性组,峰值强度高于良性组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。宫颈癌组患者分叶征、锯齿征、毛刺征和空泡征等比例均高于良性组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。超声联合CT鉴别诊断宫颈癌64例,宫颈良性病变71例,超声联合CT在宫颈癌中鉴别诊断敏感性与特异性分别为98. 4%(63/64)和97. 2%(69/71)。结论超声联合CT在宫颈癌的应用中具有很高的敏感性与特异性,可促进早期宫颈癌变检出。     

高分辨CT对新诊孤立性肺结节的定性诊断价值

目的 探讨高分辨CT(HRCT)在新诊孤立性肺结节(SPN)良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法 70例SPN患者均行HRCT检查,以病理学诊断为“金标准”,分析HRCT在SPN良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的应用价值。结果 70例SPN患者术后病理诊断：恶性病变46例(64.29%),良性病变24例(34.29%);恶性SPN组HRCT扫描胸膜凹陷征、毛刺征、分叶征、血管集束征等征象检出率均显著高于良性SPN组(P<0.05);HRCT扫描恶性SPN组与良性SPN组最大CT值(CT_Max)、CT值标准差(CT_Std)比较均有统计学差异(P<0.05);以病理结果为诊断“金标准”,HRCT征象联合CT测量参数诊断SPN良恶性病变的灵敏度为92.68%(38/41),特异度为72.41%(21/29),准确率为84.29%[(38+29)/70],与病理诊断的一致性良好(Kappa=0.843,P<0.01)。结论 良恶性SPN患者HRCT征象及CT测量参数存在差异,联合HRCT征象检查和CT参数测量有利于对SPN进行定性分析。     

裘法祖教授生平

Prof.Fazu Qiu,member of the Chinese Communist Party,surgery professor of Tongji Hospital,departed in Tongji Hospital,Wuhan,China,at fourteen to nine a.m,June 14,2008,after a disease.He turns 94 this year.He was the senior academician of the Academia Sinica,the illustrious medical scientist of China,and the Honorary Director of Tongji Medical College,as well as Huazhong University of Science & Technology.     

Comparative In- Vitro Activity of Fourteen Antibiotics Against Clinical Isolates of Enterococci

Summary

The in-vitto antibacterial activities of fourteen antimicrobial agents, including ampicillin, amikacin, Augmentin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, penicillin G, piperacillin, rifampicin, streptomycin and vancomycin, were compared against 195 enterococcal strains isolated from clinical specimens received at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Saudi Arabia. The antibacterial susceptibility was determined by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) using an agar dilution method. Ampicillin, Augmentin and vancomycin exhibited the greatest activity, inhibiting 90% of the tested strains (MIC90) at 2 μg/ml, followed by penicillin G and piperacillin with MIC90 of 4 μg/ml. Erythromycin, third generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and rifampicin, on the other hand, had poor activity against enterococci with MIC90s well above the obtainable serum concentrations. The clinical implications of resistance to aminoglycosides and the alternative antimicrobial therapy in serious entrococcal infections are discussed in the text.     

2014—2018年广西宾阳县恶性肿瘤发病、死亡和疾病负担及其趋势分析

目的 分析2014—2018年广西宾阳县恶性肿瘤的发病、死亡和疾病负担及其时间变化趋势,为该县科学制定恶性肿瘤防治策略提供参考。方法 收集2014—2018年广西宾阳县恶性肿瘤发病和死亡数据,计算粗发病率、粗死亡率、中国人口标化发病/死亡率（简称中标发病/死亡率）和世界人口标化率（简称世标发病率/死亡率）,分析恶性肿瘤发病和死亡情况。采用伤残损失寿命年（years of lived with disability,YLDs）、过早死亡损失寿命年（years of life lost,YLLs）和伤残调整寿命年（disability-adjusted life years,DALYs）等指标评价恶性肿瘤所致的疾病负担情况。利用Joinpoint回归模型估计恶性肿瘤发病率、死亡率及DALYs率的平均年度变化百分比（average annual percent change,AAPC）,评价其变化趋势。结果 2014—2018年广西宾阳县恶性肿瘤共报告新发病例数11 536例,粗发病率为219.64/10万,中标发病率为180.25/10万;共报告死亡病例数6 970例,粗死亡率为132.70/10万,中标死亡率为103.44/10万。2014—2018年广西宾阳县恶性肿瘤粗发病率变化呈增长趋势,但变化差异无统计学意义（AAPC=9.88%,t=2.11,P=0.125）;粗死亡率由2014年的103.08/10万增长至2018年的149.35/10万,平均每年增长10.83%（AAPC=10.83%,t=4.03,P=0.027）。恶性肿瘤发病前10位依次为肝癌、肺癌、女性乳腺癌、结直肠癌、子宫颈癌、胃癌、鼻咽癌、食管癌、脑瘤和甲状腺癌,占全部恶性肿瘤发病的81.33%。恶性肿瘤死亡前10位依次为肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、女性乳腺癌、结直肠癌、鼻咽癌、子宫颈癌、食管癌、脑瘤和白血病,占全部恶性肿瘤死亡的86.11%。2014—2018年广西宾阳县恶性肿瘤造成的DALYs共计108 848.61人年,DALYs率为2 072.40/10万人年。恶性肿瘤DALYs率从2014年的1 637.17/10万人年增长至2018年的2 366.51/10万人年,平均每年增长10.87%（AAPC=10.87%,t=4.72,P=0.018）。DALYs率前10位恶性肿瘤依次为肝癌、肺癌、女性乳腺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、鼻咽癌、子宫颈癌、脑瘤、白血病和子宫体癌。结论 2014—2018年广西宾阳县恶性肿瘤的发病率、死亡率和DALYs率较高,死亡率和DALYs率呈较快增长趋势。肝癌、肺癌、女性乳腺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、鼻咽癌和子宫颈癌等是广西宾阳县重点防治的恶性肿瘤。     

YC-1抑制人类白血病细胞株 U937、THP-1增殖作用的研究

 【摘要】　目的　探讨YC-1对人类白血病细胞株U937和THP-1增殖、凋亡、周期及Caspase-3、-8、-9蛋白表达的影响。方法　实验分为YC-1组（1.0、3.0、10.0 μmol／L）,以不加YC-1组为对照。四甲基偶氮唑蓝比色（MTT）法检测细胞增殖;流式细胞术（FCM）检测细胞凋亡及周期;Western blot检测Caspase-3、-8、-9蛋白表达的变化。结果　1.0、3.0、10.0 μmol／L YC-1以剂量依赖方式抑制U937、THP-1细胞增殖,24 h细胞存活率分别为（76.5±4.4）%、（68.7±6.8）%、（60.9±13.2）%,（94.1±1.4）%、（81.4±2.0）%、（72.7±3.0）%,与对照组的100 %比较差异均有统计学意义（F＝15.870、126.629,均P＜0.01）。U937、THP-1细胞经1.0、3.0、10.0 μmol／L YC-1作用24 h后,凋亡率分别为（40.7±1.0）%、（55.6±2.3）%、（71.8±1.5）%,（34.6±2.0）%、（50.3±3.5）%、（59.6±4.6）%,与对照组的（4.7±1.4）%、（1.8±1.0）%比较差异均有统计学意义（F＝937.229、200.447,均P＜0.01）,但细胞周期无明显变化。经1.0、3.0、10.0 μmol／L YC-1作用24 h后,U937细胞Cleaved Caspase-3、-8蛋白表达上调,Caspase-9无变化,THP-1细胞Cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达上调,Caspase-8、-9无变化。结论　YC-1能够抑制U937、THP-1细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,但对周期无影响,其诱导白血病细胞凋亡的机制可能与Caspase蛋白活化有关。     

Dermatophytosis in Buffaloes, Cattle and Their Attendants. Dermatophytosen bei Büffeln, Rindern und ihren Wärtern

Summary:  A survey on dermatophytosis was carried out at dairy farms of Habbowal and Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana (India). On direct microscopy and/or culture dermatophytosis was revealed in 107 (0.59%) of 18 099 Murrah buffaloes, 77 (1.56%) of 4 923 cattle and 27 (3.98%) of 678 farm workers. The fungi isolated from various sources in order of decreasing isolation frequency are: Buffaloes: Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum, Microsporum gypseum, Keratinomyces ajelloi, Chrysosporium ; Cattle: T. verrucosum, T. mentagropytes, M. gypseum ; Farm workers: T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, M. gypseum, Epidermophyton floccosum, T. violoaceum. The disease occurred throughout the year in all ages, breeds and sexes of animals with a higher prevalence during winter, in young cross-bred male buffaloes and cattle of private dairy farms.
Zusammenfassung:  Auf Milchfarmen der Landwirtschaftlichen Universität Habbowal und Punjab (PAU), Ludhiana (Indien), wurde eine Dermatophytosis-Studie durchgeführt. Mikroskopisch und/oder kulturell wurde an 107 (0.59%) von 18 099 Murrah-Büffeln, an 77 (1.56%) von 4 923 Rindern und an 27 (3.98%) von 678 Landarbeitern eine Dermatophytose festgestellt. Die aus verschiedenen Entnahmebereichen isolierten Pilze waren in abnehmender Häufigkeit: Bei Büffeln: Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum, Microsporum gypseum, Keratinomyces ajelloi, Chrysosporium. Bei Rindern: T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes, M. gypseum. Bei Landarbeitern: T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, M. gypseum, Epidermophyton floccosum, T. violaceum. Die Krankheit trat das ganze Jahr über in allen Altersstufen, Zuchten und Geschlechtern auf, mit stärkerer Verbreitung im Winter, in jungen, männlichen Hybrid-Büffeln und an Rindern auf privaten Milchfarmen.     

Modifiable risk factors for cancer

Over 6 million people around the world die from cancer each year. Modifiable risk factors have been linked to a wide range of malignancies, including cancers of the oropharynx, oesophagus, larynx, lung, kidney, bladder, pancreas, skin, stomach, ovary, breast, cervix, uterus, prostate, and colon. Research indicates that over half of all cancers in developed countries could be prevented if we implemented population-wide measures to promote the following behaviours: reduce tobacco use, increase physical activity, control weight, improve diet, limit alcohol, utilise safer sex practices, get routine cancer screening tests, and avoid excess sun exposure.     

Race and sex differences in associations of vegetables,fruits, and carotenoids with lung cancer risk in New Jersey (United States)

We used data from a case-control study conducted in New Jersey between 1980 and 1983 to evaluate race and sex differences in associations of vegetable, fruit, and carotenoid consumption with lung cancer. Cases included 736 White males, 860 White females, 269 Black males, and 86 Black females with incident, histologically confirmed, primary cancer of the trachea, bronchus, or lung. Controls were identified through drivers' license and Health Care Financing Administration files and included 548 White males, 473 White females, 170 Black males, and 47 Black females. Usual intakes of vegetables (predominantly yellow/green) and fruit (predominantly yellow/orange) as well as other food sources of carotenoids were ascertained by a food frequency questionnaire. White females showed significant inverse associations of lung cancer with vegetables, fruit, and carotenoids. White males showed nonsignificant inverse associations with vegetables and carotenoids, and Black females just with vegetables. No inverse associations were found for Black males. Vegetable consumption was associated with risk of all histologic types of lung cancer, but the pattern of increasing risk with decreasing intake was limited to smokers. We infer that consumption of yellow/green vegetables and carotenoids may confer protection from lung cancer to White male and White female smokers. Further studies are needed to clarify the effect in Blacks.Drs Dorgan and Shaw are with the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, and Drs Ziegler and Hartge, and Ms Falk are with the Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. Authors also are affiliated with the Special Epidemiology Program, New Jersey State Department of Health, Trenton, NJ, USA (Ms Schoenberg and Mr Wilcox) and Information Management Services, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, USA (Ms McAdams). Address correspondence to Dr Dorgan, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute, Executive Plaza North, Room 211, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.     

阿帕替尼调控WWOX对子宫内膜癌细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭的影响及其机制研究

目的:探讨阿帕替尼（Apatinib）是否通过包含氧化还原酶的WW结构域（WWOX）影响子宫内膜癌细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭。方法:噻唑蓝（MTT）比色法检测4 μmol/L、8 μmol/L、16 μmol/L、32 μmol/L Apatinib作用于子宫内膜癌细胞HEC-1 24 h、48 h、72 h后的细胞活性,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;蛋白质印迹法（Western blot）检测细胞周期蛋白D1（Cyclin D1）、p21、B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2（Bcl-2）、Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bax）、基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）、E-钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）、WWOX蛋白水平,Transwell小室法检测迁移细胞数、侵袭细胞数。在HEC-1中转染pcDNA3.1-WWOX,或转染si-WWOX并用16 μmol/L Apatinib进行处理,采用上述方法评估细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭情况。结果:Apatinib明显降低HEC-1细胞活性（P＜0.05）,呈剂量、时间依赖性;Apatinib显著增加HEC-1细胞凋亡率及p21、Bax蛋白表达量（P＜0.05）,呈剂量依赖性;Apatinib明显降低Cyclin D1、Bcl-2蛋白表达量（P＜0.05）,呈剂量依赖性;16 μmol/L Apatinib显著减少HEC-1细胞的迁移细胞数、侵袭细胞数、MMP-2蛋白表达量（P＜0.05）,明显提高E-cadherin、WWOX蛋白表达量（P＜0.05）。过表达WWOX明显降低HEC-1细胞中Cyclin D1、Bcl-2、MMP-2蛋白表达量、细胞活性、迁移细胞数、侵袭细胞数（P＜0.05）,提高p21、Bax、E-cadherin、WWOX蛋白表达量及细胞凋亡率（P＜0.05）。抑制WWOX表达逆转了Apatinib对HEC-1细胞中Cyclin D1、Bcl-2、MMP-2蛋白表达量、细胞活性、迁移、侵袭的抑制作用,以及逆转了其对p21、Bax、E-cadherin、WWOX蛋白表达量、细胞凋亡的促进作用。结论:阿帕替尼通过调控WWOX表达,抑制子宫内膜癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭,并诱导细胞凋亡。     

Interaktionen zwischen Polyen-Antibiotica und Imidazol-Derivaten

Zusammenfassung: Mit Hilfe der Warburg-Technik wurde an Myzeten und Bakterien nach Interaktionen zwischen Imidazol-Derivaten (Clotrimazol, Miconazol, Econazol, Ketoconazol, N-148/76) und Polyen-Antibiotica (Amphotericin B, Natamycin, Nystatin) geforscht. An Myzeten (Saccharomyces cerevisiae und Candida albicans) ergab sich eine additive Wirkung der beiden Gruppen von Antimyzetika. An Bakterien (Staphylococcus aureus haemolyticus) wurde eine Abschwächung der Wirkung von Imidazol-Derivaten in Anwesenheit von Polyen-Antibiotica gefunden. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf ihre praktische klinische und theoretische Bedeutung diskutiert.
Summary: For the detection of interactions between imidazole derivatives and polyene antibiotics, investigations were performed on resting yeasts and bacteria. The antimicrobial efficacy was tested by determining the oxygen consumption of the microbes. The following substances were investigated: clotrimazol, miconazole nitrate, econazole nitrate, ketoconazol, N-148/76, and the polyenes amphotericin B, natamycin, nystatin. On yeasts, an additive action of the two types of compounds could be found. On bacteria, however, the activity of the imidazole derivatives decreased in the presence of polyene antibiotics. The clinical implication of these results is briefly discussed.     

Vegetables,fruit, and cancer. I. Epidemiology

The epidemiologic literature on the relationship between vegetable and fruit consumption and human cancer at a variety of sites is reviewed systematically. A total of 13 ecologic studies, nine cohort studies, and 115 case-control studies are included. Cancer of all sites, cancers of lung, breast, colon, rectum, esophagus, larynx, oral cavity and pharynx, stomach, pancreas, prostate, bladder, ovary, endometrium, cervix, and thyroid, as well as mesothelioma and gestational trophoblastic disease, are considered. Relevant data from clinical trials, animal, and in vitro studies are included. It is concluded that consumption of higher levels of vegetables and fruit is associated consistently, although not universally, with a reduced risk of cancer at most sites. The association is most marked for epithelial cancers-particularly those of the alimentary and respiratory tracts-and, currently, is weak to nonexistent for hormone-related cancers. The association exists for a wide variety of vegetables and fruit with some suggestion that raw forms are associated most consistently with lower risk. Possible mechanisms by which vegetable and fruit intake might alter risk of cancer and possible adverse effects of vegetable and fruit consumption will be considered in Part II of this review.Authors are with the Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1-210 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Address correspondence to Dr Potter. This work was supported by NIH Grants CA 50305, CA 46618, and CA 09607.