应用比对试验评价血细胞分析仪的探讨

目的评价本室几台血细胞分析检测结果的准确性和一致性,探讨有效检测范围对血细胞分析仪的评价.方法选择一台性能较好的血细胞分析仪作为参考比对仪器,采用新鲜抗凝全血及全血质控物同时在几台血细胞分析仪上检测,比较各仪器与参考比对仪器的精密度、高中低值检测结果的相对偏差和有效检测范围.结果CD-1700、CelltacF与KX-21N检测结果间一致性好,偏差在允许误差内.与KX-21N比较,CD-1600、Pentra120、Celltac α的HCT测定、CD-1600 WBC测定及Pentra120 RBC测定的有效检测范围不合质控要求,有效检测范围比相对偏差更能全面评价仪器性能.结论有效检测范围结合精密度评价血细胞分析仪检测结果的准确性和一致性更全面有效.     

Westgard方法评价决策图在不同型号血细胞分析仪结果比对中的应用

目的 比较分析BC5500,Sysmexkx-21N,CD1800三台血细胞分析仪的性能并对不同型号血细胞分析仪的结果进行比对试验,为临床正确解读血细胞分析仪的检测结果提供参考依据.方法 采用Westgard方法评价决策图评价三台仪器的性能,在此基础上选择一台性能较好的血细胞分析仪Sysmexkx-21N作为参考仪器,用新鲜全血校准不同型号的血细胞分析仪.每日随机选取高、中、低值病人新鲜全血,以Sysmexkx-21N作为参考仪器做比对试验以评价三台血细胞分析仪检测结果(RBC,WBC,Hb,HCT,PLT)的一致性.结果 Westgard方法评价决策图显示三台仪器性能优良,以新鲜全血校准血细胞分析仪后偏差在可接受的范围内,比对试验结果表明BC5500和CD1800血细胞分析仪与Sysmexkx-21N各指标相关性均较好(r>0.975),差异百分率均<5%.结论 应用Westgard方法评价决策图结合校准、比对试验检测血细胞分析仪可以更有效保证不同血细胞分析仪检测结果的准确性和一致性.     

不同血细胞分析仪测定结果偏倚评估

目的 对实验室不同型号血细胞分析仪测定结果进行比对试验,保证实验结果的可比性和准确性.方法 使用配套校准品校准并且保证各台仪器精密度符合测定要求,利用比对试验评价各台仪器检测白细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白、血细胞比容和血小板计数五项结果的一致性和准确性,参考美国临床实验室标准化协会实验室改进修正案(CLIA′88)能力比对检验质量要求及标准,判断测试仪器与参比仪器的相对偏差是否符合标准要求.结果 根据相对偏差=(测定值-靶值)/靶值×100%,计算测试仪器与参比仪器的各个测试项目的 相对误差,以此判断测定仪器与参比仪器测定结果的一致性,并对个别超出判断标准的仪器进行校准.结论在保证每台仪器重复性和准确性均良好的前提下定期对仪器进行比对分析,可有效保证检验结果的准确性和一致性.     

Sysmex系列3种不同型号血细胞分析仪的比对

[目的]为了保证不同血细胞分析仪测定结果的准确性和精密度。[方法]取病人抗凝新鲜静脉血，分别在3台血细胞分析仪上测定。以1800i血细胞分析仪测定结果为准，计算KX-21及21N的相关系数、变异百分率。每两周测定一次，每月统计一次。[结果]连续半年在3台仪器上测定的WBC，RBC，PLT，Hb的新鲜静脉血标本，相关系数均〉0．95，但KX-21WBC，Hb，PIL变异百分率在5月份超出控制范围，7月份Hb和PLT超出范围，同样KX-21NWBC的变异百分率在5月份和9月份超出范围，RBC在6月份和10月份超出范围，PLT在7月份和10月份超出范围，Hb在8月份超出范围。[结论]同一实验室对不同血细胞分析仪结果进行定期比对和每天对血细胞分析仪结果进行质控十分重要，是保证分析结果的准确度和精密度的有效手段和措施。     

比对室内质控软件的设计与应用研究

目的 探讨应用病人新鲜标本作为室内质控品在不同仪器或不同检测系统之间进行相对偏差室内质量控制的可行性.方法 在US系统的基础上设计一个比对室内质控软件,以KX-21N为参比仪器,以CD-1700和XE-2100D为比对仪器,同时采用L-J室内质控法、零偏差室内质控法和偏差均值室内质控法,分别用购买的质控品和新鲜病人全血对三台血细胞分析仪进行室内质量控制,观察其质控效果.结果 利用比对室内质控软件采用病人全血作为质控品进行零偏差室内质量控制,具有较好的误差检出概率和低失控概率,同时可达到比对试验的目的,使不同检测系统检测同一项目的结果具有可比性,可节约成本.结论 在US系统的基础上可开发比对室内质控软件,在实际工作中利用该软件进行零偏差室内质控可达到质内质控的目的.     

比对室内质控软件的设计与应用研究

目的探讨应用病人新鲜标本作为室内质控品在不同仪器或不同检测系统之间进行相对偏差室内质量控制的可行性。方法在LIS系统的基础上设计一个比对室内质控软件．以KX-21N为参比仪器．以CD-1700和XE-2100D为比对仪器．同时采用L—J室内质控法、零偏差室内质控法和偏差均值室内质控法,分别用购买的质控品和新鲜病人全血对三台血细胞分析仪进行室内质量控制．观察其质控效果。结果利用比对室内质控软件采用病人全血作为质控品进行零偏差室内质量控制,具有较好的误差检出概率和低失控概率．同时可达到比对试验的目的．使不同检测系统检测同一项目的结果具有可比性．可节约成本。结论在LIS系统的基础上可开发比对室内质控软件,在实际工作中利用该软件进行零偏差室内质控可达到质内质控的目的。     

不同血细胞分析仪检测结果的可比性分析

目的 通过对不同血细胞分析仪的测定结果进行比对,实现不同的血细胞分析仪检测结果的准确性、一致性.方法 按照NCCLS EP-A2文件要求,以一台性能较好的血细胞分析仪BECKMAN COUL-TER LH750作为参考仪器,BECKMAN COULTER LH500和ABX PENTRA80为比对仪器,用新鲜全血对WBC、RBC、Hb、HCT、PLT 5个参数进行检测,计算偏差及相关系数,评价其是否在允许范围.结果 BECK-MAN COULTER LH500、ABX PENTRA80与BECKMAN COULTER LH750的检测结果具有良好的相关性(r均＞0.975),除ABX PENTRA80的HCT、PLT超出允许范围外,其他比对检测结果均在偏差允许范围之内,经调整,偏差在可接受范围内.三台仪器检测结果准确性、一致性良好.结论 应通过定期比对试验及定值新鲜全血校准比对仪器,建立多台血细胞分析仪的校准和质量控制方法,保证实验室检测结果的准确性和一致性.     

不同血细胞分析仪室间比对分析的应用与探讨

目的探讨血细胞分析仪室间比对的应用。方法以XE2100型血细胞分析仪作为参比仪器,对新鲜抗凝全血标本进行白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血细胞比容(HCT)和血小板(PLT)定值;以KX-21N型血细胞分析仪检测相同标本,分析检测结果与定值的偏差。结果 2台仪器检测上述5个项目的结果偏差均小于美国临床医学检验部门修正法规CLIA′88允许误差的1/2。结论 KX-21N和XE2100型血细胞分析仪检测上述5个指标的结果间具有可比性;室间比对分析是实现结果溯源性和保证检测结果准确性的重要途径。     

实验室内多台血细胞分析仪的比对分析

目的 通过对本实验室不同血细胞分析仪的测定结果进行比对,探讨不同类型血细胞分析仪检测结果间的可比性.方法 以一台性能较好的血细胞分析仪作为参考比对仪器,用新鲜全血进行同一实验室内多台血细胞分析仪的比对试验,检测结果参照Sysmex公司的仪器说明书提供的标准作为各参数的允许范围进行评估.结果 比对仪器与标准仪器的相关系数r>0.95,具有良好的相关性.测试仪器检测结果均在偏差允许范围内,检测结果准确性、一致性良好.结论 临床实验室应定期进行比对试验,以保证不同仪器上的检测结果具有可比性.     

实验室内多台血细胞分析仪的校准与质控方法探讨

目的建立实验室内多台血细胞分析仪的校准和质量控制方法,保证实验室检测结果的准确性、一致性。方法以一台性能较好的血细胞分析仪作为参考仪器,用新鲜抗凝全血定期进行多台血细胞分析仪间的比对试验,作相关分析和偏差分析,当检测结果与判定规则不符时,用参考仪器给新鲜全血定值,以新鲜全血校准比对仪器。结果校准后比对仪器检测结果在允许偏差范围内且相关系数R〉0．95,检测结果准确性、一致性好。结论实验室内拥有同系列多台血细胞分析仪时,可通过定期比对试验及定值新鲜全血校准比对仪器．建立多台血细胞分析仪的校准和质量控制方法．保证实验室检测结果的准确性、一致性。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.