Cluster analysis of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised

The intercorrelations among the 11 subtests of the WAIS-R were analyzed for each of the nine age groups in the standardization sample. The cluster analytic results were far more consistent with a three-factor solution than with a two-factor solution. However, other evidence suggests that a single-factor solution may be at least as adequate as any of the multifactor solutions that have been offered for these data.     

Neuropsychological information in the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised.

The relationships among Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised profiles (WAIS-R), Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) profiles and Halstead Retian Neuropsychological Battery (HRNB) profiles were examined in two samples of patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation. Canonical correlation analysis suggested that the average level of WAIS-R profiles was related to the average level and scatter of LNNB profiles, Overall performance on the HRNB was less strongly related to overall performance on the WAIS-R than was the LNNB. Patients who were similar to a WAIS-R modal profile characterized by relative deficits on performance subtests were more likely to be similar to LNNB modal profiles characterized by relative impairments on sensorimotor subtests. Patients who were similar to a WAIS-R modal profile characterized by relative deficits on verbal subtests were more likely to be similar to LNNB modal profiles characterized by relative impairments on either language subtests or conceptual subtests. Patients classified into an HRNB profile type characterized by strengths on the Aphasia Screening subtest were more likely to show strengths on WAIS-R verbal subtests. However, less than 8 % of the total samples could be jointly classified into both the requisite WAIS-R profile clusters and one of the associated LNNB or HRNB profile clusters. WAIS-R subtest profile level may be a useful statistic to screen for neuropsychological deficits, but WAIS-R patterns are essentially useless for neuropsychological screening. Discussion focuses on the role of the WAIS-R in neuropsychological evaluations.     

Young and elderly adults' perceptions of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised

Because little information exists on examinees' perceptions of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R), this study was designed to assess such perceptions in two groups: young adults (n = 50, age 18-25 years) and elderly adults (n = 46, age 65-96 years). Each participant completed the WAIS-R followed by an opinion questionnaire. Both groups gave positive ratings overall. However, elderly participants rated the WAIS-R more positively than young participants both globally and on six of the eleven subtests. These findings suggest that the WAIS-R is viewed favorably by most examinees, particularly elderly adults. Implications for practitioners are presented.     

Factor analysis of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) in a brain-damaged sample

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) was factor analyzed for a sample of 100 diagnostically heterogeneous brain-damaged patients. Subjects were from two VA Medical Centers located in the Midwest with means for age, education, and Full Scale IQ of 52.31 (SD = 14.41), 11.37 (SD = 2.57), and 86.72 (SD = 10.78), respectively. A principal factor analysis followed by Varimax rotation provided evidence for the existence of three factors underlying the WAIS-R (i.e., Performance, Verbal, and Freedom from Distractibility). The present results are consistent with earlier studies that employed the 1939 and 1955 versions of Wechsler's Adult Intelligence Scale with neurologically impaired subjects.     

Assessing the significance of differences between subtests on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised

Considered methods of evaluating the pattern of subtest scores on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. The rationale and method for calculating the size of a significant difference between a subtest and the mean of the subtests scores for an individual are described. The score differential necessary at three probability levels for a reliable difference between the subtest mean and any one subtest, corrected for the number of a-posteriori comparisons made, are presented.     

Exploratory factor analysis of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised in a sample of brain-damaged women.

The first exploratory factor analysis of the WAIS-R using an exclusively female sample (N = 152) of brain-damaged patients was conducted. Means for age, education, and Full Scale IQ were 43.51 years(SD = 18.22), 12.60 years(SD = 2.47), and 86.34(SD = 13.32). Results indicated that either a two- or three-factor model was plausible for this sample. The two-factor solution supported Wechsler's (1981) Verbal and Performance IQ designations, while the three-factor model revealed Verbal-Comprehension (i.e., Information, Comprehension, Vocabulary, and Similarities), Perceptual-Organization (i.e., all Performance subtests), and Freedom From Distractibility (i.e., Digit Span) factors. Comparison of the factor structures for the present sample with those of normal women and brain-damaged men suggested factorial equivalency across groups.     

Validity of quick short forms of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised with brain-damaged patients.

The validities of 41 short forms of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised that require 20 minutes or less to give were compared in a sample of 174 brain-damaged patients. Mean errors in predicting Full Scale IQs were computed for each subtest combination, and a short form efficiency index was calculated by correcting mean error for administration time. The three quick abbreviations proposed by Kaufman (1990) proved to be among the more efficient predictors of Full Scale IQ, but a number of other short forms also performed well. The data provide psychometric information for selecting a quick measure of IQ that fits the needs, preferences, and time constraints of the neuropsychologist.     

The utility of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale profile analysis with prisoners

Determined the efficacy of profile analysis with a prison population (63 white, 63 black) of the Petersburg Federal Correctional Institution as Ss. By use of Veldman's Hierarchical Profile Analysis, five distinctive WAIS profile types were derived empirically for each racial group. Analyses of covariance that controlled for full-scale IQ differences revealed significant differences among the profile types within each race in terms of Stanford Achievement Test scores and MMPI T-scores. Further, partial correlations indepepdent of full-scale IQ revealed significant relationships between some of the profile types and the commission of rule infractions while incarcerated. These findings are interpreted as supportive of profile analysis with inmate populations. However, it is suggested that further research be effected to cross-validate these findings.     

Left temporal lobe brain damage pattern on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

This study supports an association of left temporal brain damage with the unusual WAIS subtest pattern of more impaired Information and Vocabulary than Similarities scores. Temporal lesions may impair well-learned verbal memory more than reasoning skills. Thirty-six patients with localized left hemisphere brain damage in the frontal, parietal or occipital, and temporal lobe were compared using an index in which Information and Vocabulary were contrasted to Similiarities. Index scores were adjusted for age. Seventy-five percent of the temporal patients had negative index scores, and 75% of the frontal patients had positive index scores. Temporal patients tended to score more negatively on the index than did frontal patients, p less than .05.     

Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia on the WAIS-R NI Sentence Arrangement Subtest. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Neuropsychological Inventory

Performance of participants diagnosed with schizophrenia on the Sentence Arrangement subtest of the WAIS-R NI and several tests sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction was significantly poorer than that of manic depressive or control participants. Several measures of performance of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia on the WAIS-R NI Sentence Arrangement subtest appeared to support recent interpretations of the cognitive deficit seen in schizophrenia. These data represent the first demonstration of deficit performance by patients with schizophrenia on the Sentence Arrangement subtest. This is also supportive of the prediction that one of the areas whose activity may influence scores on this subtest is the prefrontal cortex. In addition, neither positive nor negative symptoms systematically correlated with the cognitive deficits reported despite specific predictions from the current literature.     

韦氏智力测验在智力残疾评定中的应用

目的了解智力测验在智力残疾评定中的作用,为残疾等级的评定提供客观指标。方法对被试进行韦氏智力量表测定,记录一般资料,由2名主治医师以上医生进行智残等级评定。对智力测验结果和医生评定的智残等级之间进行相关分析和一致性检验。结果由医生评定的智力残疾等级为三级和四级,没有一级和二级。智商值在36～68之间,平均49.23±8.49。对医生评定的智力残疾等级与智力测定等级结果进行一致性检验,加权Kappa系数Kw=0.52,P0.01,说明两种评定结果具有高度一致性。评残的轻重程度与言语智商、操作智商和全量表智商之间呈显著正相关(r分别为0.60、0.50、0.62,P0.01),智商值越高,残疾程度越轻。结论在智力残疾评定中辩证地使用智力测验结果,有助于为残疾等级的评定提供重要的客观指标。     

Patterns of performance on the verbal and performance subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised: Some australian data

The pattern of performance of 345 vocational guidance clients on the WAIS-R was examined in relation to previous studies of client populations. An exploratory principal axis factor analysis was conducted, and two factors that accounted for 89% of the total variance were selected. These comprised a general factor on which the Verbal subtests loaded most highly and a smaller Performance subtest factor. A hypothesis-testing approach was undertaken as a second step, using multiple group analysis. Two factors (which correlated 58) accounted for 65% of the total variance. The first factor (51%) was also a general factor on which all subtests, but moreso the Verbal tests, loaded highly. The second factor was dominated by Performance subtests. Implications for special client samples and intellectual assessment are discussed.     

Prorating Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III summary scores

The application of the nine-subtest prorated version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III) in estimating Verbal, Performance, and Full-Scale IQ scores was evaluated in a sample of 278 mixed clinical patients from two Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. The composite reliabilities of the three prorated summary scores, which excluded Comprehension and Picture Arrangement, did not differ from reliabilities from the full WAIS-III. All three prorated IQ summary scores demonstrated good alternate forms reliability with the standard WAIS-III summary scores. Verbal Performance discrepancy scores were accurate for 86% of the cases. The results of this study appear to support the regular use of prorated WAIS-III summary scores in estimating full WAIS-III summary scores. The benefit of this system is that by giving all of the subtests required for the index scores, not only are the index scores derived, but a very close estimation of the summary scores are generated.     

Comparability of correlates of original and revised Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales in an alcohol-abusing population

The correlates of the original and revised Wechsler scales were investigated among a sample of alcohol abusers referred for assessment of possible intellectual impairment. Fifty of the subjects were assessed with the original scale, while 44 were examined with the revised scale. The correlates of the two scales with other intellectual, demographic, and drinking variables suggested that the established correlates of the original scale may be cautiously assumed to hold for the revised version.     

Administration duration for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III and Wechsler Memory Scale-III.

The administration times for each of the subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III) and Wechsler Memory Scale-III (WMS-III) were recorded for a clinical sample of 81 patients. The findings revealed that the time needed to administer the WAIS-III subtests to generate the summary scores, index scores, and both scores were 58, 51, and 65 min, respectively. The time required to complete the primary subtests on the WMS-III was 21, 15, and 6 min for Immediate Memory, General Memory, and Working Memory, respectively, resulting in a total administration time of 42 min. The time necessary to administer most of the subtests was unrelated to age, education, or performance level. These data demonstrate a shorter than expected administration time for the WAIS-III and a longer than anticipated administration for the WMS-III. Results for other clinical settings will be impacted by examiner familiarity and patient composition.