高血压病患者血清Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型前胶原浓度变化及其临床意义探讨

目的　探讨高血压病 (EH)患者心肌纤维化的无创性检测指标。方法　采用放免法测定 30例正常人和 6 0例EH患者 (伴心肌肥厚者 35例和不伴心肌肥厚者 2 5例 )血清Ⅰ型前胶原 (PCⅠ )和Ⅲ型前胶原 (PCⅢ )的浓度 ,用M型超声测算左室重量指数 (LVMI) ,用多普勒超声测定二尖瓣口舒张早期和晚期最大血流速度 (VE 和VA)。结果　①EH患者血清PCⅠ和PCⅢ均明显高于正常对照组 [(4 6 6 5± 11 0 1)μg/Lvs (34 31± 5 91) μg/L ,P <0 0 5和 (146 0 0± 2 9 35 ) μg/Lvs (96 2 4± 2 1 18) μg/L ,P <0 0 1]。②EH非左室肥厚组血清PCⅢ浓度明显高于正常对照组 [(12 0 6 2± 16 2 3) μg/Lvs(96 2 4± 2 1 18) μg/L ,P <0 0 1],而血清PCⅠ与正常对照组无差别 [(33 73± 6 83) μg/Lvs (34 31± 5 91) μg/L ,P >0 5 ];EH左室肥厚组血清PCⅢ高于非肥厚组 [(16 4 14±2 2 2 8) μg/Lvs (12 0 6 2± 16 2 3) μg/L ,P <0 0 1]和正常对照组 [(16 4 14± 2 2 2 8) μg/Lvs (96 2 4± 2 1 18) μg/L ,P <0 0 1];血清PCⅠ亦高于非肥厚组 [(5 5 88± 12 86 ) μg/Lvs(33 73± 6 83) μg/L ,P <0 0 1]和正常对照组 [(5 5 88±12 86 ) μg/Lvs (34 31± 5 91) μg/L ,P <0 0 1]。③血清PCⅢ与V     

重组促红细胞生成素对维持性血透患者左心室结构与功能的影响

目的了解重组人促红细胞生成素(rHuEPO)对维持性血透患者左心室结构及功能的影响.方法34例应用rHuEPO纠正贫血同时控制血压和11例单用降压药的血透患者随访6～9个月.结果维持性血透患者左心室肥厚(LVH)发生率高达80%,左室功能也经常受累,尤以舒张功能为主,并出现早.相关分析提示Hb与左室结构、功能相关,贫血是影响LVH和左室功能的重要因素.应用rHuEPO能纠正肾性贫血,并通过改善心脏高排量、高动力状态使LVH逆转,IVST从治疗前11.9±2.27mm到治疗后10.9±2.30mm,LVPWT从11.2±1.29mm到10.0±1.59mm,LVMI从184.5±50.2g/m2到146.1±40.8g/m2,左室舒张功能改善,E/A从治疗前0.87±0.41到1.04±0.39.同时存在贫血和高血压的患者,仅靠降压药控制血压水平,未纠正贫血,LVH不易逆转,左室功能不易改善.结论长期纠正贫血和控制血压有利于血透患者左室结构及功能异常的好转.     

高血压病患者与正常人血清胶原代谢的对比研究

目的　测定高血压病 (EH)患者血清Ⅰ型前胶原羧基端肽 (PⅠP)、Ⅲ型前胶原氨基端肽 (PⅢP)和Ⅰ型胶原羧端交联肽 (ICTP)水平的改变 ,探讨其在高血压性心肌纤维化中的诊断价值。方法　采用放射免疫法测定 4 2例EH患者、30例正常对照者血清PⅠP、PⅢP及ICTP浓度 ,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果　EH患者血清PⅠP、PⅢP的含量分别为 (12 1 2± 2 0 8) μg/L和 (5 2± 3 2 ) μg/L ,明显高于正常对照组 (分别为 92 8μg/L± 13 3μg/L和 3 8μg/L±1 5 μg/L) ,P <0 0 5 ;ICTP的含量EH组虽有增加的趋势 (4 4± 1 7) μg/L ,但与正常组 (4 1± 1 5 )μg/L相比 ,P >0 0 5。有左心室肥厚 (LVH)的EH患者血清PⅠP水平高于无左心室肥厚 (无LVH)组 (12 7 6 μg/L± 18 5 μg/Lvs 10 5 3μg/L±12 4 μg/L,P <0 0 5 ) ,有LVH组血清ICTP水平低于无LVH组 (4 2 μg/L± 1 1μg/Lvs 5 0 μg/L± 1 2 μg/L ,P <0 0 5 ) ,而PⅢP水平两组无统计学差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　EH患者可能有Ⅰ型胶原及Ⅲ型胶原的合成增加 ,降解相对不足 ,测定PⅠP、PⅢP及ICTP可作为了解EH患者心肌纤维化的间接指标     

DDD房室顺序起搏对慢性心力衰竭左室重构的逆转效应

目的　评价右房 -右室间隔上部顺序 DDD起搏 (RA- URIS)对慢性心力衰竭患者左室重构的逆转效应。方法　 37例病态窦房结综合征或房室传导阻滞伴心力衰竭的患者随机分为 RA- URIS组 (1 8例 )和右房 -右室心尖起搏治疗 (RA- RVA)组 (1 9例 ) ,比较术前和术后 1 2个月的左室舒张期末径、左室心肌重量指数、左室射血分数、6min步行距离测试和生活质量评分。结果　 RA- URIS组 1年后左室心肌重量指数 (1 0 2 .5± 1 6.3g/m2 )较术前 (1 1 0 .1± 1 8.5g/m2 )明显下降 (P<0 .0 5) ,左室射血分数 (38.3%± 1 0 .1 % )较术前 (30 .7%± 8.4% )明显提高 (P<0 .0 5) ;而 RA- RVA组上述指标较术前无明显变化。RA- URIS组术后 1年较 RA- RVA组左室心肌重量指数明显下降 (P<0 .0 5) ,左室射血分数 (33.7%± 5.5% )明显提高 (P<0 .0 5)。 RA- URIS组术后 1年 6 min步行距离测试明显提高 (386± 69m,330± 78m,P<0 .0 5) ,生活质量评分较术前明显下降 (2 3± 2 0 ,40±2 5,P<0 .0 1 ) ,而 RA- RVA组则没有明显变化。结论　 RA- URIS顺序起搏能逆转慢性心力衰竭患者的左室重构 ,改善生活质量。     

Effect of early correction of anemia with erythropoietin on left ventricular mass in predialysis patients: a multi-center trial

Objective To assess the effects of early correction of anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on the development and progression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) who are not on hemodialysis. Methods A total of 158 patients with serum creatinine from 147μmol/L to 400μmol/L were enrolled in this prospective, multicenter study. Eighty-six patients with hemoglobin (Hb)<110g/L received rHuEPO treatment with a target Hb of > 110g/L (Group A). Forty patients with comparable Hb concentration ( <110g/L) but did not receive rHuEPO (Group B) and 32 patients with Hb≥110g/L and without rHuEPO treatment (Group C) were served as controls. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was evaluated by echocardiography at baseline and every 3 months for 2 years. Results There was no difference in age, gender, etiology of renal failure, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors among the 3 groups. At baseline, the prevalence of LVH was 72.1 % in group A, 72.5% in group B and 59.4% in group C. LVMI was inversely correlated with Hb levels (r=0.70, P<0.01). During the 2-year period, the mean LVMI decreased from 142.6±25.7g/m2 to 132.4±18.5 g/m2 in group A, while increased significantly in both group B and group C. The mean Hb concentration increased from 93.8±14.6g/L to 111.2±10.3g/L(P<0.05) in group A, but tended to decrease in group B and group C. There was no significant change of the mean blood pressure, number of anti-hypertensive drugs and serum creatinine concentrations in all 3 groups. However, patients' serum creatinine doubled more often in group B and group C than in group A. Conclusions LVH was common in predialysis CRI patients and was associated with the severity of anemia. Early intervention with rHuEPO may reverse LVH in these patients.     

高血压病血压昼夜节律与左室肥厚关系的研究

目的 探讨血压负荷(BPL)与高血压靶器官损伤程度的关系,以及左室重量指数(LVMI)与动态血压(Ambulatory Blood Pressure,ABP)各参数之间的相关性。方法 采用无创性携带式动态血压监测仪对30例正常血压者,1级和2级高血压患者各25例进行了动态血压监测,同时用超声心动图检测左室重量指数。结果(1)正常组与1级高血压组之间血压负荷(SBP:4.83±2.95％vs59.75±22.12％;DBP:3.75±2.05％vs 61.75±18.24％)比较有显著性差异(P均<0.01);1级高血压组昼夜负荷差较大,呈杓型改变。2级高血压组的血压负荷(SBP:94.94±5.08％vs59.75±22.12％;DBP:91.75±10.08％vs61.75±18.24％)明显高于1级组(P均<0.01)。昼夜负荷呈非杓型改变。2级组左室肥厚(LVH)异常检出率76％明显高于1级组20％(P<0.01)。(2)高血压组LVMI与夜间SBP和DBP均显著正相关(P均<0.01),与夜间SBP和DBP下降率均显著负相关(P均<0.01)。结论 血压负荷对高血压靶器官损害程度的评价和预测有临床价值。夜间SBP与LVMI的相关性比DBP与LVMI的相关性更佳。     

早期纠正贫血对慢性肾衰竭心血管病变影响的多中心临床研究

目的观察早期使用促红细胞生成素治疗贫血对透析前慢性肾衰竭(CRF)患者心血管病变的影响.方法采用多中心、前瞻性、对照临床研究.血肌酐(Scr)在147～400 μmol/L的CRF患者158例,按基线Hb水平分组.将Hb<110 g/L的患者分为2组,(1)治疗组86例,每周接受α-促红细胞生成素100～135 U/kg皮下注射;(2)对照Ⅰ组40例,未接受α-促红细胞生成素治疗;将Hb≥110 g/L的32例患者作为对照Ⅱ组,未接受α-促红细胞生成素治疗.行超声心动图检查,测左心室质量指数(LVMI)、血压等,随访时间2年.结果 3组患者基线临床资料(年龄、性别、原发病、营养状况、高血压的发生率、使用降压药物的种类和数量等)无明显差异(均P>0.05);治疗组、对照Ⅰ组、对照Ⅱ组患者左心室肥厚(LVH)的发生率分别为72.1%、72.5%、59.4%;LVMI与Hb水平呈负相关(r=-0.70, P<0.01),与Scr呈正相关(r=0.64, P<0.05).治疗24个月后,治疗组患者Hb水平较基线时明显上升(P<0.05),LVMI较基线时明显下降(P<0.05),LVH的发生率(55.8%)较治疗前降低16.3%,但平均动脉压、使用降压药物的数量与基线相比无明显差异.对照Ⅰ组与对照Ⅱ组患者Hb逐渐下降,LVMI明显增加,LVH发生率与基线相比明显增高(P<0.05).随访期间,Scr较基线增高1倍的患者比率,治疗组(3.4%)与对照Ⅰ组(15.0%)相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而对照Ⅰ组与对照Ⅱ组(9.4%)相比无明显差异(P>0.05).结论轻中度CRF患者存在LVH,贫血是导致透析前CRF患者LVH的重要原因.用促红细胞生成素早期治疗贫血能使部分患者LVH逆转.透析前CRF患者用促红细胞生成素治疗并不加重高血压,并可能有助于延缓肾衰竭的进程.     

贫血对维持性血液透析患者心脏结构及功能的影响

目的　探讨维持性血液透析 (MHD)患者贫血与心脏结构及功能损害的关系。方法　收集本院 47例 MDH伴贫血患者的年龄、血压、血常规、超声心动图资料 ,治疗后 ,按照 Hb水平是否达到 90 g/L分为两组 ,进行治疗前后自身对照及两组之间比较 ,观察贫血的改善与否对血透患者心脏结构和功能的影响。结果　逐步回归分析显示贫血和高血压是引起心肌肥厚的独立危险因素。直线相关分析表明左室心肌重量指数 (LVMI)、左房内径 (LA)、左室舒张末期内径 (LVEDD)均与血红蛋白浓度 (Hb)和红细胞压积 (Hct)呈明显负相关 (P<0 .0 5)。治疗后 ,36例患者 Hb>90 g/L,1 1例 Hb<90 g/L。两组之间比较 ,>90 g/L组的心脏结构及功能明显改善 ,>90 g/L组自身前后比较 ,心脏结构及功能也明显改善 ;<90 g/L组心脏结构及功能有进一步恶化趋势。结论　贫血可以导致 MHD患者心脏肥大 ,心腔扩大 ,静息状态下心脏舒张功能受损而收缩功能代偿尚好。贫血改善有助于心脏结构及功能的恢复。     

老年单独收缩期高血压病人的主动脉壁扩张性及左室结构与功能

老年单独收缩期高血压(ISH)占老年高血压的60%。本文研究ISH病人主动脉扩张性、左室重量、功能与SBP的关系。主动脉扩张性=(收缩期主动脉内径-舒张期主动脉内径)×脉压。升主动脉内径用二维超声在主动脉办上方4cm测量。左室功能及重量、EF用常规方法。结果:主动脉扩张性(AD)在ISH病人明显下降(0.10±0.02vs0.24±0.04mmHg;P<0.05)。ISH病人AD与SBP呈明显负相关(r=-0.67;P<0.05)。ISH的室间隔 后壁厚度较正常血压者厚(2.19±0.5cmvs1.93±0.4cm;P<0.05)。EF两组无区别。高血压早期充盈速度(E峰)及A/E比明显较低(0.4m/svs0.54m…     

高血压患者动态脉压与心肌重构的关系

目的　探讨高血压患者动态脉压随年龄变化的趋势及其与左心室肥厚、左室舒张功能的关系。方法　将患者按年龄分为三组,比较不同年龄组的2 4h动态血压及心脏超声检查结果,分析其2 4h收缩压、舒张压、2 4h及白昼、夜间的平均脉压、左室心肌重量指数及左室舒张期充盈率。结果　Ⅰ组2 4h收缩压、舒张压、平均脉压呈轻度增高,LVMI无明显改变而左室舒张功能却已有下降(P <0 . 0 1) ;Ⅱ组2 4h收缩压与Ⅰ组比较有增高(P <0 . 0 5 ) ,2 4h舒张压、平均脉压与Ⅰ组较接近,LVMI与Ⅰ组比较明显增高,左室舒张功能与Ⅰ组比较明显降低(均P <0 . 0 1) ;Ⅲ组的2 4h收缩压与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组比较增高明显(P <0 .0 1) ,舒张压急剧下降,而脉压却急剧上升,LVMI与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组比较增高更明显,左室舒张功能与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组比较降低亦更明显(均P <0 . 0 1)。结论　高血压病患者随着年龄的增长,脉压呈加速升高趋势,脉压升高更易导致左室肥厚和左室舒张功能减退,动态脉压较诊所脉压与左室肥厚的相关性更强。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.