Using the PRECEDE Model to Determine Junior High School Students'' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs about AIDS

The effectiveness of a one-period school-based AIDS education program on an adolescent population of seventh and eighth grade students (N = 585) was determined. An instrument based on the PRECEDE model was used to assess program effectiveness. Three-way analysis of variance indicated significant differences (p v .01) between pretest to posttest scores for knowledge, attitude, and beliefs for those who received the program versus those who did not by grade and gender of students. The intervention group scored significantly higher than the comparison group on knowledge gain for both seventh and eighth grade students and for males and females. On attitude items, a significant increase occurred from pretest to posttest for eighth grade students who received the program, but not for seventh grade students. The experimental group of eighth grade students scored higher on the attitudes component than the comparison of eighth grade students on the posttest. When attitudes were examined by gender for females in the educational intervention, an increase occurred in attitude scores from pretest to posttest. While belief scores increased significantly from pretest to posttest for the experimental seventh and eighth grade students, significant increases occurred only for experimental group females. Findings support the contention that a one-class period AIDS education program can affect more than just knowledge since attitudes and beliefs also were partially affected.     

HIV/AIDS prevention among the male population: results of a peer education program for taxicab and tricycle drivers in the Philippines.

This study assesses the results of a 2-year community-based peer education program aimed at increasing HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes toward condoms, and condom use behavior among taxicab and tricycle drivers in the Philippines. Pretest, posttest, and follow-up data were collected throughout the educational intervention program. The results of the repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicate a significant change on knowledge about HIV/AIDS from baseline to posttest and from posttest to follow-up (F=449.27, df=2, p<.001). There was also a significant change on attitudes about condom use from baseline to posttest and from posttest to follow-up (F=425.19, df=2, p=0.001), and a significant effect on condom use behavior with commercial sex workers from baseline to posttest and follow-up (F=428.31, df=2, p=.001). The peer-mediated intervention was found to be an effective means of HIV/AIDS prevention among taxi and tricycle drivers in the Philippines.     

Educating School Nurses to Care for HIV-Infected Children in School

ABSTRACT: Effects of an educational program on school nurses' knowledge and attitudes about human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) infection in children and changes in practice was investigated. Participants (N = 205) attended a one-day workshop held at 11 sites in New Jersey. Content was clinically focused and derived from a needs assessment of a sample of school nurses throughout New Jersey. An adult education format was used, with interactive and affective teaching strategies modeled on the AIDS Training Program of the California Nurses' Association. Subjects were pretested and posttested for knowledge and attitudes about HIV in children. An identical posttest mailed three months later included a self-report of change in practice since attending the workshop. Knowledge and attitude scores were significantly higher at program completion (p < .0001). Three months after the program, knowledge scores had fallen but not to pretest levels. No significant difference existed between attitude scores after the program and three months later. On self-report of change in practice, respondents indicated they instituted or improved universal precautions, and were more comfortable in teaching children, staff, and their communities about HIV.     

深圳市中学生预防艾滋病干预措施评价

目的 探索在中学开展预防艾滋病（AIDS）有效干预模式及其效果评价。方法 对深圳市10所中学初一、高一学生进行预防艾滋病健康教育干预前后相关知识、态度及行为的变化进行比较。结果 （1）知识方面：干预后,学生预防AIDS基本知识平均得分初一男生由7.47提高到10.21（满分为15）;初一妇生从7.17提高互10.21;高一男生从10.30提高到11.09;高一妇生从9.58提高到10.55。（2）态度方面:对待HIV/AIDS患采取正向态度明显提高,男生由22.6％上升到34.9%;女生由24.4%上升到41.5%。（3）行为方面：同学可以运用更多的信息来源获取有关知识。结论 学校预防AIDS教育干预措施以帮助学生增强抵御HIV／AIDS的能力,树立正向的态度,但要由知识转变行为还需要一定的时间、综合的干预和社会的多方支持。     

AIDS/HIV knowledge level and perceived chance of having HIV among rural adolescents.

Behaviors that increase the risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among adolescents living in rural areas have been reported to be as frequent as those of lower socioeconomic minority youth living in large urban areas. Little is known, however, about whether rural adolescents possess adequate knowledge upon which to make responsible decisions to avoid exposure to HIV. In order to address this deficit, we administered the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) 1989 Secondary School Health Risk Survey to 294 sixth, seventh, and eighth grade students (30.2% sample) from a rural county with significant social problems including epidemic sexually transmitted diseases STDs, sex-for-drugs, poverty, and drug abuse. The sample was 65% African-American, 50% female, with a mean age of 12.9 +/- 1.3 years. Although 68% reported having received school-based AIDS education, a lower proportion (greater than or equal to 10%) the students were found to correctly answer 8 of 17 AIDS/HIV knowledge questions than those from a national comparison group. The mean was 12.8 +/- 3.1 of 17 items answered correct. Lower AIDS/HIV knowledge was associated with lower school grade (rho = 0.46, p less than or equal to 0.0001); being African-American, Hispanic, or Native American (p less than or equal to 0.043); and never receiving school-based AIDS/HIV education (p less than or equal to 0.0001). Based on multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), only school-based AIDS/HIV education was a significant predictor (p less than or equal to 0.0001) of knowledge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Evaluation of a school-based intervention for HIV/AIDS prevention among Belizean adolescents

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a cognitive-behavioral peer-facilitated school-based HIV/AIDS education program on knowledge, attitudes and behavior among primary and secondary students in Belize. Students (N = 150) were recruited from six schools in Belize City. A quasi-experimental research design was used to assess the impact of a 3-month intervention. Seventy-five students received the intervention and 75 students served as controls. The intervention was guided by constructs from the Theory of Reasoned Action and Social Cognitive Theory. At the follow-up assessment, the intervention group showed higher HIV knowledge, were more likely to report condom use, had more positive attitudes toward condoms and were more likely to report future intentions to use condoms than the students in the control group. Overall, the findings indicate that the intervention had a positive impact on participants. Given the increasing rate of HIV/AIDS in Belize, especially among adolescents, this study has important implications for the country of Belize.     

The Effect of AIDS Peer Health Education on Knowledge,Attitudes, and Practices of Secondary School Students in Khartoum,Sudan

BackgroundPeer education seeks to enroll students in persuasive communication programs aiming at AIDS prevention. Providing information about AIDS prevention methods can lead to behavioral change and also a potential reduction in unsafe sexual behavior, particularly among young people.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the role of peer education interventions in improving awareness, attitudes, and practices of secondary school students and peer educators towards AIDS.MethodsThis is a pre-and post-study. The study was conducted among 400 students who were randomly selected from 10 gender-balanced schools. They received the information from trained peer educators. 200 peers carried out the intervention (20 peers from each school), which was conducted in phases. The intervention required coordinating with official concerned stakeholders, preparing teaching aids, and four days of training workshops for the peer educators. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science program (SPSS). A paired sample t-test was obtained and utilized to interpret the changes observed in pre- and post-intervention knowledge, attitude, and practice.ResultsThe study showed that the intervention program improved participants'' knowledge from 75.5% to 83.2%. This improvement was with specific regard to the following: the causative agent of AIDs (p = 0.017), which improved from 77.7% to 81.5%; the spread of HIV through mosquitos (p = 0.001), which showed an increase from 12.7% to 23.8%; the program focused on the concept of the HIV carrier (p = 0.001), and also on the AIDS risk when having multiple sex partners, (p = 0.001), showing an increase of 47.5% to 83.5%. Following the knowledge test, the attitudes of students significantly increased from 70% to 83% with regards to youth vulnerability to HIV (p = 0.001), while scored dropped from 15.7% to 8.5% concerning the topic of HIV voluntary testing (p = 0.001). The practices of students changed from 70% to 83% when prompted about shaking the hands of an HIV infected person and also from 84.8% to 87.7% about sharing food with an HIV infected person (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe study concluded that school peer education is an effective approach to inform students of unsafe sexual behavior with regards to HIV/AIDS. It is clear that peer education enables significant improvements to be made with regards to the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the students.     

Students and their parental attitudes toward the education of children affected by HIV/AIDS: a cross‐sectional study in AIDS prevalent rural areas,China

Objective : To investigate the prevalence and determinants of student and parental attitudes toward the education of children affected by HIV/AIDS in areas of rural China where AIDS is prevalent. Methods : A cross‐sectional study of a random sample of students (n=732) and their parents (n=732) conducted in April 2010, using a questionnaire and in‐depth interview. Results : Twenty‐six per cent of students and 29% of parents had a ‘good’ attitude toward the education of children affected by HIV/AIDS. Following adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, students’ attitudes were significantly associated with knowledge of HIV/AIDS non‐transmission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]= 3.13) and their parents’ attitudes (aOR= 2.38), but not with knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission, prevention or their parents’ knowledge. Parents’ attitudes were significantly associated with knowledge of HIV/AIDS non‐transmission (aOR= 2.12) and their children's attitudes (aOR= 2.52), but not with knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission, prevention or their children's knowledge. Conclusion : Stigma and discrimination undermine the right to education of HIV/AIDS‐affected children in rural China. Improving non‐transmission knowledge may improve caring attitudes. Implications : HIV/AIDS public health educational campaigns highlighting non‐transmission and extending family education, combined with school education, may help to enhance an environment of non‐discrimination and safeguard public support programs for the right to education of children affected by HIV/AIDS.     

沈阳市中学生预防艾滋病教育影响评价

目的 探讨学校预防AIDS教育对学生知识、态度的影响。方法 以沈阳市9所中学初一、高一学生为研究对象,由受过培训的健康教育教师在学校对学生进行教育,于教育前后对学生进行有关预防AIDS知识和态度方面的不记名问卷调查。结果 教育后学生预防AIDS基本知识平均得分由教育前的6．67提高到10．98（满分为15分）;反对男青年及女青年婚前性行为的比例分别由教育前的47．8％、52．0％上升到57．3％和63．0％;表示愿意与AIDS患同班上课的比例由教育前的5．1％上升到22．6％。结论 学校预防AIDS教育使学生预防AIDS基本知识得到提高,拥有正确态度的学生比例增加。但学生中拥有正确态度的比例仍有待进一步提高,因此,在今后的教育中除了应重视基本知识的传授外,还应重视发展学生与预防AIDS有关的正确态度。     

广州市大中学生预防艾滋病健康教育行动效果评估

目的 评价大、中学生预防艾滋病健康教育效果，为开展相关研究提供依据。方法 采取整群随机抽样的方法，以无记名自填式答卷方式，对广州市大学生2071名、高中生2589名、职中学生2796名预防艾滋病健康教育前后情况进行对比分析。结果 大、中学生在预防艾滋病健康教育后。对20项艾滋病相关知识知晓率显高于教育前；对12项艾滋病相关行为的态度，教育后亦有了不同程度的改变:结论 安全性行为教育、反吸毒教育是对大、中学生进行预防艾滋病健康教育的重点内容；参观图并茂的展览。发放健康教育处方，观看VCD，是预防艾滋病健康教育的较好形式；在传播预防艾滋病知识的同时，更要注重大、中学生对艾滋病相关态度的转变；预防艾滋病健康教育还应与性伦理、性道德、法制教育相结合，效果会更明显。     

An evaluation of a drama program to enhance social relationships and anti-bullying at elementary school: a controlled study

Drama, theater and role-playing methods are commonly used in health promotion programs, but evidence of their effectiveness is limited. This paper describes the development, implementation and evaluation of a school-based drama program to enhance social relationships and decrease bullying at school in children in grades 4-5 (mean age of 10.4 years). Students (n = 190) were recruited from two primary schools with similar demographics and socio-economics in the Southern Finland and purposively allocated either to an intervention group or a control group. The drama program included classroom drama sessions, follow-up activities at home and three parents' evenings concerning issues of social well being during the school year September 2007-May 2008. Data on social relationships in the class room and experiences of bullying were obtained before and after the program using self-completed questionnaire from the same students (n = 134). The response rate was 71%. No differences in socio-demographics existed between intervention group and control group at pretest. The positive effect on social relationships resulting from the intervention approached statistical significance (p = 0.065). Moreover, the positive effect was found to be statistically significant in the high-intensity intervention classes (p = 0.011). Bullying victimization decreased 20.7 percentage units from pretest (58.8%) to posttest (38.1%) in the intervention group (p < 0.05). The study indicates that using applied drama and theater methods in the classroom may improve children's social relationships at school.     

学校预防艾滋病教育对中学生知识态度和技能的影响

目的 通过学校预防AIDS教育，促进学生预防AIDS知识、态度和技能，为在我国中学开展预防AIDS教育提供重要的实践经验。方法 对学校健康教育教师进行了为期两天的培训。为评价教育前后学生预防AIDS知识、态度和技能的变化，对约8000名参与此项研究的初一、高一学生进行了教育前和教育后的问卷调查。结果 教育后学生预防AIDS基本知识平均得分由教育前的7．3提高到11．2(满分为15分)；知道如何避免感染AIDS的比例由教育前的47．9％上升到83．8％；与家长及朋友谈论HIV／AIDS的比例分别由教育前的31．1％、39．6％上升到44．2％和59．2％；表示愿意与HIV感染者／AIDS病人同班上课的比例由教育前的7．4％上升到26．1％；反对男青年及女青年婚前性行为的比例分别由教育前的45．3％、50．6％上升到54．9％和61．2％。结论学校预防AIDS健康教育对增加学生预防艾滋病知识、培养正确的性道德观念、不歧视HIV感染者以及促进学生谈论和宣传预防HIV／AIDS知识等方面均产生了积极的影响。     

An Outcome Assessment of an ABC-Based HIV Peer Education Intervention Among Kenyan University Students

This study reports an outcome assessment on an HIV peer education intervention at the main campus of Kenyatta University in Nairobi, Kenya. A quasiexperimental separate sample pretest–posttest design was used. Campuswide baseline and endline surveys were conducted with 632 and 746 students, respectively, soliciting information on HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. After 2 years of on-campus intervention, no changes in behavior were evident with respect to either abstinence or number of sexual partners. Small but statistically significant changes were found in condom attitudes and behavior, and a large increase in HIV testing was evident. It is recommended that future research more specifically compare abstinence versus multiple option peer education programs, giving special attention to the role of peer educators as models.     

Evaluation of the Impact of a Diabetes Education Curriculum for School Personnel on Disease Knowledge and Confidence in Caring for Students

BACKGROUND: School personnel may lack knowledge of diabetes and be unprepared to address the needs of students with type 1 diabetes. This project evaluated the effectiveness of a type 1 diabetes education program for school personnel on increasing knowledge of diabetes and confidence in caring for students with diabetes. METHODS: Two types of diabetes education programs were created for school personnel. The basic program provided a 60-minute overview of diabetes. The expanded program, intended for volunteer health aides, provided participants with a more in-depth overview of diabetes during a 180-minute session, including demonstrations of how to assist students with insulin injections. Instruments were created to assess changes in diabetes-related knowledge and confidence in caring for students. Separate knowledge instruments were created for the basic and expanded programs. Knowledge instruments were administered before and after delivery of the education programs to both groups. Confidence instruments were administered before and after for persons completing the expanded program. RESULTS: A total of 81 school personnel participated in the basic (N = 44) or expanded programs (N = 37). Overall knowledge regarding diabetes significantly increased in both the basic and expanded programs from baseline (p < .001). Confidence in caring for students with diabetes also increased from pretest to posttest, both for overall confidence and each individual item (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Educational programs offered for school personnel can lead to increased knowledge and increased confidence in caring for students with diabetes, which may assist school personnel in addressing the needs of students with diabetes.     

HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes among alcohol and drug abusers in Egypt

The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice towards HIV/AIDS among alcohol and drug abusers and the effect of health education (HE) on their knowledge and attitudes. Participants were 265 substance abusers, recruited from 8 addiction rehabilitation centers. A base line study preceding HE was done using a questionnaire composed of five sections. Three scores were developed to assess HIV/AIDS related knowledge. The base line study indicates that addicts with good knowledge scores > or =75%) regarding modes of transmission were significantly higher among males than females. About 70% of the addicts had negative attitudes towards dealing with HIV/AIDS patients, while 55.5% felt sympathy for them. Eleven percent of the injection drug abusers were sharing needle with others, while 38% of the participating females were previously convicted of prostitution. Logistic analysis showed that high level of education was the best predictive variable for good knowledge scores (> or =75%). Evaluation of the health education program revealed a highly significant increase in the knowledge scores among both males and females compared to the pretest scores. An increase in the percentages of male and female addicts with improved attitudes towards HIV/AIDS patients was also noted after HE. So, HE was found to be a successful tool in improving the knowledge and attitudes of substance abusers towards HIV/AIDS.     

北京市中学校医预防艾滋病健康教育的调查

目的：了解北京市中学校医预防艾滋病知识,态度及在学校开展预防艾滋病健康教育情况。方法：以不记名问卷方式对北京市4个城区中180名中学校医进行调查。结果：44．4％的校医接受过预防艾滋病健康教育培训。在被调查的中学校医中,分别有97．8％,97．2％,95．0％知道HIV可通过性交、母婴、血液途径传播;61．7％知道HIV不通过共用厕所传播;48．3％和53．3％知道尚无有效的预防艾滋病的疫苗,也无治愈艾滋病的方法,分别有98．2％,96．6％,67．5％的校医赞同在大学,中学和小学高年级开展预防艾滋病健康教育;有16．2％的校医回答愿意与HIV感染在同一办公室工作,在过去的1998－1999年里,有58．3％的校医给学生讲过艾滋病的传播途径,46．1％的校医给学生讲过如何避免感染艾滋病,分别有66．7％和50．0％的校医认为在学校开展预防艾滋病健康教育时遇到的或将要遇到的困难是缺少合适的教师参考书和难以把握教育的度。77．2％的校医希望接受预防艾滋病健康教育培训。结论：中学校医急需得到学校预防艾滋病健康培育培训。     

A school-based AIDS education programme for secondary school students in Nigeria: a review of effectiveness.

Nigerian secondary school students are becoming sexually active at an increasing earlier age. Sexually active students are at risk of contacting STDs, including HIV infection. As a result, health education initiatives to increase level of knowledge, influence attitudes and encourage safe sexual practices are being implemented in schools, but the effectiveness of these programmes have not been evaluated. In this study, the knowledge, attitude and sexual risk behaviors of 223 students who received a comprehensive health education intervention were compared with 217 controls. At post-test, intervention students exhibited greater knowledge about HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention (P < 0.05). Intervention students were less likely to feel AIDS is a white man's disease and were more likely to be tolerant of people living with the disease (P < 0.05). After the intervention, the mean number of reported sexual partners among the experimental students significantly decreased from 1.51 to 1.06, while it increased from 1.3 to 1.39 among the controls. Among the intervention students there was also an increase in consistent use of the condom and the use of the condom at last sexual intercourse. We conclude that students can benefit from specific education programmes that transmit important information necessary to prevent risky behavior, and improve knowledge and attitudes on HIV/AIDS.     

Evaluation of a child abuse prevention curriculum for third-grade students: assessment of knowledge and efficacy expectations

Researchers investigated the effects of a child abuse prevention program on third-grade students' knowledge of child abuse and efficacy expectations regarding abusive situations. Three hundred forty-one students completed the 26-item pretest and posttest questionnaires (n = 166 for the intervention group, n = 175 for the control group). Results indicated a statistically significant increase in child abuse knowledge from pretest to posttest with the intervention group, with no change in knowledge for the control group. However, no significant increases occurred in efficacy expectations regarding abusive situations from pretest to posttest for either the intervention or control groups. Results from this study can be used to improve child abuse prevention programs through addressing program components that may affect factors other than student knowledge of abuse.     

Sex education in secondary schools: an Italian experience.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact on Italian teenagers' knowledge and attitudes of an experimental program in sex education. METHODS: The program consisted of five workshops in five public secondary schools in Rome. The impact of the program was evaluated with three questionnaires designed for this study. A pretest evaluated baseline knowledge, a posttest measured the gain in knowledge, and a third questionnaire estimated retention of information 4-6 months later. Three hundred seventy-six students attending secondary school participated in the program. Thirteen questions were selected for the analysis, and improvement was measured by the difference between pretest and posttest scores. RESULTS: Ninety-six percent of the sample was in favor of sex education programs in schools. The students had an average 50% gain in the percentage of correct answers following the course. The mean score based on the number of correct answers to questions showed a baseline value of 5.00, a posttest value of 11.80, and a test value 4-6 months later of 10.7. Results showed students' positive attitude toward school sex education courses, low baseline knowledge, and a good ability to learn. CONCLUSIONS: In Italy there is a need for collaboration between schools and local health services to promote knowledge and prevention in reproductive health among teenagers.     

中学生预防艾滋病教育题库信效度分析

目的检验学校预防艾滋病教育初、高中题库的应用效果,为发挥其在评估中的教育引导功能提供参考依据。方法在北京、内蒙古、新疆、陕西、上海5个省(市),采用方便整群抽样方法抽取20所初中与20所高中共3 881名学生进行问卷调查并进行分析。结果学校预防艾滋病教育初、高中题库中产生的问卷具有较好的区分度和内容效度;项目省知识和总分得分均高于非项目省,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);项目省知识和总分的合格率均高于非项目省,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);初、高中问卷的知识、态度得分和总分与"中学生生活技能评价量表"的8个维度和量表总分之间均呈弱的正相关,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。初、高中问卷技能维度的题目有待增加和修订。结论初、高中题库产生的问卷在整体上具有较好的区分度和内容效度,可以作为用于学校艾滋病教育评估的测试工具。