多层螺旋CT在不典型肺结核诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT在不典型肺结核诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年5月本院收治的66例不典型肺结核患者的螺旋CT影像资料。结果 66例不典型肺结核患者中,3例肺部粟粒样阴影并逐渐融合为斑片或小结节状,6例肺内呈斑片、云絮影,6例呈结核性胸膜肿块,9例呈一侧肺门淋巴结、纵隔肿大,15例呈大片肺段实变,12例呈厚壁干酪空洞,15例呈斑片状肺浸润影,上述病例均不属于典型肺结核的CT影像学表现,需结合病史、临床症状、辅助检查诊断为不典型肺结核。结论不典型肺结核的螺旋CT影像学表现复杂,且变化比较大,应结合病史、临床症状及其他辅助检查进行综合判断,避免造成漏诊、误诊。     

细支气管肺泡细胞癌的影像学诊断与鉴别诊断

目的：探讨细支气管肺泡细胞癌（BAC）的X线、CT诊断,X线分型与鉴别诊断。方法：回顾分析28例病理证实的BAC的影像学表现。结果：单纯结节或肿块型21例,肺炎实变型5例,弥漫型2例。单纯结节或肿块型可见空泡征、毛刺征、胸膜牵拉征、支气管征,血管聚束征;肺炎实变型呈边界不清斑片状毛玻璃样影;弥漫型呈弥散分布大小不等结节影。结论：BAC影像学表现多样化,应与肺炎、肺结核球、血行播散型肺结核、肺转移瘤、肺蛋白沉积症鉴别。     

成人与儿童HIV／AIDS常见肺部感染及其影像学分析

目的：分析HIV／AIDS合并肺部感染的常见类型并探讨成人与儿童的影像学表现的不同特点。方法：收集在援博茨瓦纳医疗期间在玛丽娜公主医院临床确诊的HIV／AIDS常见肺部感染452例，对其感染类型和影像征象进行综合分析。结果：成人HIV／AIDS肺部感染最常见的类型为肺结核、卡氏肺囊虫肺炎和细菌性肺炎，儿童以淋巴间质肺炎、卡氏肺囊虫肺炎和重症肺炎为主，影像学表现具有一定的特征。结论：肺部机会性感染是艾滋病患常见的并发症。肺内出现斑片、网状、结节、毛玻璃片状阴影、肺气囊、空洞或肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿大等，抗生素治疗无效或反复发作时，结合临床资料应考虑并发肺部机会性感染。     

肾移植术后巨细胞病毒肺炎的影像学诊断

目的 探讨肾移植术后巨细胞病毒(CMV)肺炎的影像学诊断.方法 搜集15例肾移植术后CMV肺炎患者的临床、实验室以及胸片和CT检查资料,对其胸片和CT表现进行回顾性分析.结果 X线胸片早期表现基本正常5例,表现两肺纹理增多模糊4例,磨玻璃影和大片状实变影6例.CT表现有两肺弥漫分布的磨玻璃影15例,小结节影10例,斑片...     

32例合并糖尿病肺结核的X线表现

目的分析研究32例合并糖尿病肺结核的X线表现情况。方法选取2011年1月至2012年1月于本科进行诊治的32例合并糖尿病的肺结核患者为观察组,另选取同期的32例单纯肺结核患者为对照组,后将两组患者中病灶累积范围>1个肺野者比例、X线检查表现及治疗总有效率进行比较。结果观察组中病灶累积范围>1个肺野者比例高于对照组,X现显示大片状和块状影比例、结节状影比例、单发和多发空洞比例及支气管播散率均高于对照组,而治疗后X线检查总有效率明显低于对照组,P均<0.05,均有显著性差异。结论合并糖尿病的肺结核患者其X线显示大片状和块状影、结节状影、单发和多发空洞、支气管播散相对单纯肺结核更多,且治疗效果明显差于单纯肺结核患者。     

肺结核的CT诊断分析

目的探讨CT检查对肺结核诊断价值。方法选取临床2010年1月至2012年6月收治的肺结核患者60例的CT表现进行分析。结果 CT表现为肺内的斑片状或小片状高密度影像,可以边缘模糊和不规则;肺内的结节状块影,边缘常清楚而光滑,也可形态不规则、有分叶但毛刺较长。结论 CT检查可发现X线胸片不能显示或不能确定的隐匿性病灶。CT检查尤其是薄层CT或高分辨率CT能提供更多的有关病灶边缘或内部结构方面的细节,从而能提高病灶定性的可靠性,有助于鉴别诊断。     

新生儿肺炎临床影像学检验特点分析

目的：探讨新生儿肺炎的影像学特征。方法46例新生儿肺炎患儿的CT、胸X线平片以及临床资料。结果 X线检查主要表现为肺纹理异常、点状或片状密度增高影等,部分合并肺部或支气管充气征、局部肺不张等;CT主要表现为斑片状高密度影,病灶中心密度较周围密度明显增高,且边缘较为模糊,同时存在肺不张以及局限性肺气肿等。X线诊断准确率为67.4%,低于CT检查的87.0%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 X线平片与CT检查对新生儿肺炎具有一定的特异性表现,两种方法联合应用可提高临床诊断准确率。     

艾滋病合并卡氏肺囊虫肺炎不同时期的CT表现

目的:探讨艾滋病(AIDS)合并卡氏肺囊虫肺炎(PCP)的不同时期的CT表现.方法:将22例临床确诊的AIDS合并PCP患者胸部CT检查不同病理时期的CT表现及治疗后的CT随访进行分析.结果:早期改变较少(占5%);中期较多,影像学改变典型,表现以双肺实质对称性渗出性改变为主的磨玻璃影,预后较好(占82%);晚期表现较复杂,除了肺实质改变外,以间质改变为主的网格状影,弥漫性小结节影或网织结节影,胸膜下"月弓征",肺门和(或)纵隔淋巴结肿大,胸腔积液,小片实变较多见,预后差.结论:胸部CT不仅可以充分显示PCP的病变影像,同时认识不同病理时期的CT表现,做到早期诊断,早期治疗,避免发生成人呼吸窘迫综合征甚至死亡.     

螺旋CT对AIDS合并卡氏肺囊虫肺炎的诊断价值

目的 探讨艾滋病合并卡氏肺囊虫肺炎(PCP)的CT表现及诊断价值.方法 收集临床确诊的艾滋病患者卡氏肺囊虫肺炎胸部CT检查资料20例.分析其不同病理时期的螺旋CT表现及治疗后的CT随访.结果 本痛在不同的病理时期及治疗阶段,具有不同的CT影像特点.典型CT表现为以两肺实质弥漫性渗出性改变为主的磨玻璃型,以间质改变为主的网格状影状、弥漫性小结节影或网织结节影.相对少见的表现为肺部薄壁小气囊性改变、胸膜下"月弓征"、胸水、纵隔淋巴结肿大、小片实变.结论 SCT特别是HRCT可以充分地显示PCP的病变征象,对本病的临床诊断及观察治疗效果有显著的价值.     

小儿支原体肺炎X线诊断

目的 为提高对小儿支原体肺炎的诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析160例小儿支原体肺炎的临床及X线资料.结果 肺部X线表现为小片状及大片状阴影,肺纹理增多增生呈网状及小结节状,肺门阴影增大,纵隔阴影增宽,胸膜反应及胸腔积液,结论支原体肺炎X线表现呈多样性,如患儿肺部出现上述X线改变时,密切结合临床表现特点,应当想到支原体肺炎可能.     

Degraded and undegraded carrageenans and experimental gastric and duodenal ulceration

The prevention of histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration in the guinea-pig has been examined using a series of undegraded and degraded carrageenans. Undegraded carrageenans were active at lower doses than degraded carrageenans. The high viscosity of the undegraded carrageenans in solution prevented their use in larger doses. Degradation of carrageenan without serious loss of sulphate, gives a product which allows the dose to be increased to an extent that its effect more than offsets the slight loss in activity caused by the degradation. No single feature of carrageenan structure can be related to anti-ulcer activity although degradation, and hence reduction of molecular size, generally reduces activity. Sulphate contents over 30% have little apparent effect on activity; κ-carrageenans were not consistently different in anti-ulcer activity from Λ-carrageenans. This contrasts with the antipeptic activity of carrageenans where κ-carrageenans are less active than their Λ-counter-parts. As with antipeptic activity, the degree of anti-ulcer activity is probably determined by a combination of structural features which includes molecular size and polyanionic properties.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse in Women and Children

No abstract available for this article.     

Synthesis and anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of gaultherin and its analogs

The synthesis of gaultherin (1) and its analogs was carried out to provide 11 glycosides under phase-transfer catalytic conditions. The activities of all synthesized compounds were evaluated by nitric oxide production inhibitory assay in vitro. Methyl 2-O-(4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylbenzoate (5f) showed significantly anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by the evaluation in vivo. Structure–activity relationships within these compounds were discussed.