乳腺浸润性导管癌的X线、超声及MRI表现对比分析

目的:探讨乳腺X线摄影、超声、MRI检查及联合检查对乳腺浸润性导管癌的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析30例经手术病理证实为乳腺浸润性导管癌患者的术前X线摄影、超声、MRI表现及联合检查与病理结果。结果:乳腺X线摄影阳性率为90.0%,准确度53.3%;超声检查阳性率为50.0%,准确度13.3%;MRI检查阳性率为100%,准确度93.3%。3种影像检查方法联合应用的阳性率为100%,准确度为96.7%。结论:乳腺浸润性导管癌的X线、超声及MRI表现各有特征性,联合检查可提高其诊断准确性。     

全数字化乳腺摄影与MRI对乳腺恶性病变诊断的对比分析

目的 探讨乳腺癌全数字化乳腺摄影(full-field digital mammography,FFDM)与乳腺MRI的影像学表现,评价其对乳腺癌的诊断价值.方法 收集68例经穿刺或手术病理证实的乳腺癌病例,对比分析其X线摄影及MRI表现.全数字化乳腺摄影采用常规方法摄片,MRI采用自旋回波T1WI,T2WI序列及动态增强扫描等.结果 68例乳腺恶性肿瘤中,浸润性导管癌57例,浸润性小叶癌3例,叶状囊肉瘤1例,血管肉瘤1例,导管内癌2例,炎性乳癌2例,印戒细胞癌1例,Paget's病1例.乳腺X线摄影诊断正确61例,诊断准确率89.7％.MRI诊断正确66例,诊断准确率97.1％.结论 乳腺X线摄影是乳腺恶性病变的首选检查方法,MRI能更多的显示乳腺病灶的内部特征,二者联合应用对乳腺癌的临床诊断具有重要意义.     

微小乳腺癌的全数字化乳腺摄影诊断分析

目的 探讨微小乳腺癌的X线特征.方法 回顾性分析行全数字化乳腺摄影(FFDM)检查并经手术病理证实的41例微小乳腺癌的X线特征、病理类型及癌灶大小与淋巴结转移之间的关系.结果 41例微小乳腺癌发生于左侧乳腺22例(53.66%),右侧乳腺19例(46.34%).X线表现:肿块23例(56.10%),单纯钙化7例(17.07%),结构扭曲5例(12.20%),非对称性致密影6例(14.63%).病理学结果:浸润性导管癌34例,黏液癌1例,非特异性导管癌2例,浸润性导管内癌1例,单纯癌1例,鳞癌1例,小管癌1例.微小乳腺癌同侧淋巴结转移率(4.9%)明显低于同期大乳腺癌组(27.3%)(χ2=6.620 3,P<0.05).结论 微小乳腺癌淋巴结转移率低,全数字化乳腺摄影对诊断微小乳腺癌有重要价值.     

乳腺钼靶X线摄影和超声诊断乳腺导管内癌的对照研究

目的 :评价乳腺钼靶X线摄影和超声诊断乳腺导管内癌的价值。材料和方法 :回顾性分析 3 8例病理证实乳腺导管内癌的乳腺钼靶X线摄影和超声的表现。结果 :3 8例中 ,乳腺钼靶X线摄影表现为丛样微小钙化点 16例( 4 2 .1% ) ,边界不规则高密度影 13例 ( 3 4.2 % )。乳腺导管造影显示导管充盈缺损或中断 6例 ( 15 .8% )。超声显示为界限不清和形态不规则实性肿块 11例 ( 2 8.9% ) ,界限清楚和形态规则实性肿块 6例 ( 15 .8% ) ,囊实性肿块 3例 ( 7.9% )。乳腺钼靶X线摄影和超声准确诊断率分别为 78.9%和 5 2 .6%。结论 :乳腺钼靶X线摄影和超声对乳腺导管内癌有诊断价值 ,但前者优于后者 ,二者结合能提高诊断率     

全数字化乳腺钼靶X线摄影与彩超对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨全数字化乳腺钼靶X线摄影和彩色多普勒超声对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析我院2006年1月²012年10月173例直径<1cm乳腺肿瘤患者的临床资料,将全数字化乳腺钼靶摄影和彩超结果与病理结果对照,比较2种检查方法的诊断准确性。结果:经病理证实173例中128例为早期乳腺癌,全数字化乳腺摄影和彩色多普勒超声对早期乳腺癌的诊断符合率分别为83.8%和76.9%,对>40岁的早期乳腺癌的诊断符合率分别为93.00%和74.82%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:全数字化乳腺摄影和超声都是乳腺疾病最常用的诊断方法,全数字化乳腺摄影对早期乳腺癌的诊断准确更高,尤其适合于40岁以上女性患者。     

乳腺非典型增生的综合影像学表现

目的：探讨乳腺非典型增生数字化乳腺X线摄影及彩色多普勒超声检查的影像学表现。方法回顾性分析64例经手术病理证实为乳腺非典型增生并同时进行了数字化乳腺X线摄影检查及乳腺彩色多普勒超声检查的患者资料,分析其综合影像学特征。结果在64例乳腺非典型增生的患者中,经乳腺X线摄影检查阳性的患者为8例（彩色多普勒超声检查为阴性）;经彩色多普勒超声检查阳性的患者为7例（乳腺X线摄影检查为阴性）;经以上2项检查均阳性的患者为46例、均阴性的为3例（但触诊可触及肿块）。乳腺X线摄影、彩色多普勒超声及2项检查联合应用的准确率分别为84．4%、82．8%和95．3%。结论综合数字化乳腺X线摄影检查及彩色多普勒超声检查影像学表现并结合临床触诊,全面评估以提高乳腺非典型增生的诊断水平,有效降低乳腺癌的发生率。     

全数字化乳腺摄影对乳腺疾病的诊断价值

目的 评价全数字化乳腺摄影在临床中对乳腺疾病的诊断价值.方法 回顾215例经手术或活检的术前全数字化乳腺摄影资料,对比影像诊断与最终病理诊断异同.分析不同疾病的误诊原因,初步分析及探讨全数字化乳腺摄影对乳腺疾病的诊断价值.结果 215例经手术或活检的病例中,132例被病理确诊为乳腺癌,83例被诊断为良性病变.在被病理证实为乳腺癌的132例乳腺癌病例中,14例被全数字化乳腺摄影诊断漏诊或误诊.而同时被影像诊断为恶性病变可能的130例(BI-RADS大于4级)的病例中,12例最终病理诊断确定为良性病变.结论 全数字化乳腺摄影是乳腺疾病的重要检查手段,尤其对发现及筛查乳腺癌具有重要价值,但对某些乳腺良性病变,其诊断准确率较低,需要结合其他临床诊断方式.     

全数字化乳腺摄影、三维定位在乳腺癌诊断中的应用

目的:探讨全数字化乳腺X线摄影、数字化三维立体定位术在乳腺癌普查、早期诊断中的应用价值.方法:回顾性分析行全数字化乳腺X线摄影检查1890例,全部病例均经全数字化X线摄影常规摄取CC位(头尾位)、MLO位(内外斜位)片.对常规摄片提示有可疑乳腺癌征象,而临床触诊阴性者行数字化三维立体定位,病灶导丝标记切检.结果:检出并手术、病理证实乳腺癌59例.临床触诊阳性(可触及肿块)者51例,病理类型为浸润性导管癌33例,浸润性小叶癌8例,黏液腺癌6例,髓样癌4例.临床触诊阴性(未触及肿块)者8例,病理类型为导管原位癌3例,导管浸润癌3例,小叶原位癌2例,在定位导丝下行病灶切除,切除标本摄片均确认属目标病灶.结论:全数字化乳腺X线摄影能较清晰显示乳腺癌的直接和间接X线征象,结合数字化三维立体定位,病灶导丝标记切检术,对早期乳腺癌及亚临床期(临床触诊阴性)乳腺癌有重要的诊断价值.     

伴乳头溢液乳腺癌的乳腺导管造影表现与病理对照研究

目的:分析伴有乳头溢液乳腺癌的乳腺导管造影表现,并分析其病理基础,以提高诊断水平。方法:临床表现有乳头溢液并经手术、病理证实的乳腺癌23例,回顾性分析其乳腺导管造影的影像表现,并与手术病理结果进行对比分析。结果:23例中原位癌8例,浸润性导管癌10例(包括单纯癌6例、乳头状癌4例),导管癌早期浸润3例,乳头状瘤病恶变2例。病理上诊断早期癌13例(56.5%),其中8例临床未触及乳腺肿块。乳腺导管造影主要表现:导管内充盈缺损并伴有不同程度的导管扩张12例;乳腺肿瘤侵蚀导管形成潭湖征5例;溢液导管受乳腺肿块推挤,导管变形3例;导管持续显影、管壁不规则伴广泛微钙化灶1例。本组中乳腺导管造影诊断乳腺癌的符合率为82.6%。结论:乳腺导管造影对伴有乳头溢液乳腺癌的检出是一项安全、有效的检查方法,能准确观察到肿块与溢液导管的位置关系、溢液导管受侵蚀程度,而且还能检测出临床触诊阴性的早期乳腺癌。     

乳腺导管造影在乳腺导管内疾病诊断中的价值

目的分析乳腺导管造影在乳腺导管内疾病中的影像学表现,比较乳腺导管内疾病在乳腺导管造影与其他影像学检查的影像特点,及乳腺导管造影对导管内疾病诊断的优势,并分析其病理结果,以提高诊断水平。方法对临床表现为乳头溢液并经手术、病理证实的溢液乳腺疾病20例,包括乳腺癌3例、导管内乳头状瘤9例、乳腺导管扩张症6例及2例乳腺囊性增生病,回顾性分析其乳腺导管造影的影像表现及病理特征。结果本组20例:乳腺常规检查诊断导管扩张4例,乳腺囊性增生2例,乳头状瘤0例,乳腺癌1例;乳腺常规检查对乳腺导管内病变检出正确率40%。乳腺导管造影检查诊断导管扩张6例,乳腺囊性增生2例,乳头状瘤9例,乳腺癌2例;乳腺导管造影钼靶摄影对乳腺导管内病变检出正确率为95%。结论乳腺导管造影对溢液性乳腺疾病是一项安全而有效的检查方法,对乳腺导管内占位性病变的定位、定性诊断具有极高价值。对导管扩张症、乳腺囊性增生病等疾病亦能作出较准确的诊断。乳腺导管造影在导管内疾病及早期乳腺癌的诊断中具有不可替代的优势。     

Contrast-enhanced digital mammography: initial clinical experience

PURPOSE: To investigate the potential of using intravenous contrast material with full-field digital mammography to facilitate the detection and characterization of lesions in the breast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two women scheduled for biopsy because they were suspected of having abnormalities at breast imaging underwent imaging with contrast material-enhanced digital mammography. Six sequential images of the affected breast were obtained, with a contrast agent injected intravenously between the time the first and second images were obtained. Image processing included registration and logarithmic subtraction. Lesions were evaluated for the presence, morphology, and kinetics of enhancement. Lesion type, size, and pathologic findings were correlated with the findings at contrast-enhanced digital mammography. RESULTS: At contrast-enhanced digital mammography, enhancement was observed in eight of 10 patients with biopsy-proved cancers. In one case of ductal carcinoma in situ and one case of invasive ductal carcinoma, enhancement was not observed. No enhancement was seen in seven of 12 cases in which lesions were suspected of being malignant at initial imaging but were benign. Morphology generally correlated with the pathologic diagnosis. The kinetics of lesion enhancement showed similarity to that seen with gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging but was not consistent. CONCLUSION: The results of this preliminary study suggest that contrast-enhanced digital mammography potentially may be useful in identification of lesions in the mammographically dense breast. Further investigation of contrast-enhanced digital mammography as a diagnostic tool for breast cancer is warranted.     

微小钙化在早期乳腺癌X线诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨乳腺钙化在全数字化乳腺X线摄影中的表现特征及其对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析160例乳腺X线钼靶片中表现为微小钙化的病例,观察钙化的数目、形态、大小、分布、密度等,并与手术病理结果做对照。结果乳腺良、恶性疾病均可出现钙化。本组病例乳腺恶性病变112例,其中导管原位癌24例,浸润性导管癌88例,良性病变48例。钙化呈簇状分布、沿导管方向走行或呈蠕虫型、混合型形态的钙化多见于乳腺癌,弥漫性分布及粗颗粒型或融合型形态的钙化多见于乳腺良性病变。结论分析乳腺X线片中微小钙化形态学表现、密度、数目、走向分布及钙化与肿块的关系,能显著提高乳腺良恶性病变的诊断正确率,对早期乳腺癌的诊断具有极其重要价值。     

数字乳腺摄影的计算机辅助诊断在乳腺癌筛查中的应用

目的:探讨数字钼靶乳腺摄影及计算机辅助诊断(CAD)在乳腺癌筛查诊断中的价值。方法:2010年1月至2011年1月我院数字乳腺钼靶摄片并经手术证实的40例纳入研究,包括乳腺癌35例(其中原位癌6例)和乳腺腺体增生5例。术前分别在普通显示器上读片诊断和工作站上使用CAD软件读片诊断,然后比较分析。结果:使用普通医用显示器的乳腺癌诊断的敏感性为71.4%,准确性75%;使用CAD分析的乳腺癌诊断的敏感性为88.6%,准确性90%。应用CAD对微钙化检出的敏感性明显高于普通医用显示器(P=0.032)。结论:数字乳腺摄影结合CAD有助于乳腺癌筛查诊断。     

The positive predictive value for diagnosis of breast cancer full-field digital mammography versus film-screen mammography in the diagnostic mammographic population

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Diagnostic mammography is performed on women with clinical symptoms that suggest breast cancer or women for whom further mammographic evaluation has been requested because of an abnormal screening mammography. We assessed whether the use of full-field digital mammography would improve the positive predictive value (PPV) for the diagnosis of breast cancer in a diagnostic population compared with film-screen mammography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2002 to December 2003, 11,621 patients underwent diagnostic mammography at the University of North Carolina Hospital, Chapel Hill. Among these 11,621 patients, 1400 lesions in 1121 patients underwent biopsy. We included the biopsy-performed lesions, so PPV3 was used for comparison of PPVs between film-screen mammography and full-field digital mammography. Six breast radiologists interpreted the images using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System of the American College of Radiology. PPV3s were compared between film-screen and full-field digital mammography in the entire study cohort and in specified subgroups according to different radiologists, breast density, and lesion type on mammography. The chi(2) and Fisher's exact tests were used for comparison of PPV3s between two modalities of mammography with the Bonferroni procedure for subgroup analysis. RESULTS: In the entire study cohort, PPV3s of full-field digital mammography and film-screen mammography were similar (difference in PPV3,-0.007; 95% confidence interval, -0.081 to 0.068; P = .8602). In predefined subgroups, there was no difference in PPV3 by the radiologist, breast density, or lesion type between two modalities of mammography (P > .005). CONCLUSION: There is no improvement in PPV for the diagnosis of breast cancer with full-field digital mammography compared with film-screen mammography in a large diagnostic population.     

乳腺导管癌的乳腺钼靶与磁共振增强扫描的对比研究

目的比较全数字化乳腺摄影(full-field digital mammography,FFDM)、磁共振(MRI)增强扫描对乳腺导管癌的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的30例乳腺导管癌,所有病例均行FFDM、MRI增强检查。观察X线特征,根据美国放射学会乳腺影像报告和数据系统(breast imaging reporting and data system,BI-RADS)进行分级,3级及以下的级别考虑为良性,4A级及以上的为恶性;MRI根据病灶增强表现,绘制时间-信号强度曲线诊断病灶的良、恶性。影像诊断与病理结果对照,比较二者对导管癌的检出情况及诊断准确率。结果 30例乳腺导管癌中,FFDM检出13例肿瘤呈单纯结节或肿块,肿块伴有的钙化12例,5例病灶表现为单纯簇状钙化,同侧腋下淋巴结肿大7例。FFDM诊断4A以上病例26例,3级及以下的病例4例;MRI增强扫描检出肿块或结节27例,发现钙化5例,同侧腋下淋巴结肿大10例。时间-信号强度曲线8例呈Ⅱ型曲线,22例呈Ⅲ型曲线。FFDM正确诊断乳腺导管癌24例,MRI增强扫描正确诊断为26例,二者结合正确诊断27例。FFDM、增强MRI及FFDM+增强MRI对导管癌的诊断符合率分别为80%、86.7%、90%。结论 FFDM操作简单,对导管癌的簇状钙化检出率高于增强MRI,诊断敏感性较高,是筛查乳腺导管癌,尤其导管原位癌的首选,增强MRI对乳腺导管癌肿块及同侧腋下淋巴结检出情况高于FFDM,在乳腺导管癌定性方面有重要作用,是乳腺导管癌进行术前评价的有效方法。二者结合应用可以提高乳腺导管癌的诊断正确率。     

Variable Appearances of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Calcifications on Digital Mammography,Synthesized Mammography,and Tomosynthesis: A Pictorial Essay

This pictorial essay demonstrates the variable appearances of ductal carcinoma in situ on full-field digital mammography, synthesized mammography, and digital breast tomosynthesis. The spectrum of intercase and intracase variability suggests further refinement of reconstruction algorithms for synthesized mammography may be necessary to maximize early detection of ductal carcinoma in situ.     

数字化乳腺摄影与普通钼靶摄影在小乳癌诊断中的对比分析

目的：探讨数字化乳腺摄影在小乳癌诊断中的优越性。方法：经手术病理证实的小乳癌57例，采用数字化乳腺摄影及普通钼靶摄影方法。结果：数字化乳腺摄影诊断51例，其敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为89．4％、95．O％、90.9％；普通钼靶摄影术前诊断46例，其敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为80．7％、85．O％、81．8％。结论：在小乳癌诊断中。数字化乳腺摄影在敏感性、特异性、准确性方面均优于普通钼靶摄影。     

Population-based mammography screening: comparison of screen-film and full-field digital mammography with soft-copy reading--Oslo I study

PURPOSE: To compare screen-film and full-field digital mammography with soft-copy reading in a population-based screening program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Full-field digital and screen-film mammography were performed in 3,683 women aged 50-69 years. Two standard views of each breast were acquired with each modality. Images underwent independent double reading with use of a five-point rating scale for probability of cancer. Recall rates and positive predictive values were calculated. Cancer detection rates determined with both modalities were compared by using the McNemar test for paired proportions. Retrospective side-by-side analysis for conspicuity of cancers was performed by an external independent radiologist group with experience in both modalities. RESULTS: In 3,683 cases, 31 cancers were detected. Screen-film mammography depicted 28 (0.76%) malignancies, and full-field digital mammography depicted 23 (0.62%) malignancies. The difference between cancer detection rates was not significant (P =.23). The recall rate for full-field digital mammography (4.6%; 168 of 3,683 cases) was slightly higher than that for screen-film mammography (3.5%; 128 of 3,683 cases). The positive predictive value based on needle biopsy results was 46% for screen-film mammography and 39% for full-field digital mammography. Side-by-side image comparison for cancer conspicuity led to classification of 19 cancers as equal for probability of malignancy, six cancers as slightly better demonstrated at screen-film mammography, and six cancers as slightly better demonstrated at full-field digital mammography. CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant difference in cancer detection rate between screen-film and full-field digital mammography. Cancer conspicuity was equal with both modalities. Full-field digital mammography with soft-copy reading is comparable to screen-film mammography in population-based screening.     

乳腺导管造影在溢液性乳腺癌诊断中的应用

目的：探讨不同病理类型的溢液性乳腺癌在乳腺导管造影中的X线征象,提高对本病的诊断水平。方法：搜集经手术病理证实并行乳腺X线片及腺导管造影检查的乳腺癌108例,溢液性质为血性62例,浆液46例,临床因溢液而疑及乳腺癌。分析不同病理类型乳腺癌（浸润性导管癌64例,浸润性小叶癌23例,其他21例包括髓样癌7例,化生性癌1例,富于脂质癌2例,导管原位癌7例,粘液癌1例,浸润性乳头状癌3例）在乳腺导管造影中的X线征象。结果：乳腺癌导管造影主要征象：鼠尾征13例,导管走行僵直16例,充盈缺损（杯口征）7例,导管扩张99例,截断征（刀切征）24例,导管结构紊乱60例,断续征37例,虫蚀样改变30例,潭湖征32例。108例乳腺癌中有106例合并两种以上征象。浸润性导管癌最多见,64例,占50%;其次为浸润性小叶癌,23例,占21.3%。结论：充分认识溢液性乳腺癌的乳腺导管造影征象,对进一步明确乳腺癌的诊断具有重要价值,合并征象越多,对乳腺癌的诊断价值越高。