肺鳞状细胞癌视网膜转移1例

肺癌是临床上常见的恶性肿瘤,发病率和死亡率居肿瘤首位,严重威胁人类的健康.由于早期缺乏有效的、特异性强的筛查方法,多数患者发现时已处于中晚期,常合并骨、脑、肝、肾上腺等部位的转移.通常,患者多因原发病灶、扩散转移或副肿瘤综合征等引起临床症状而就诊.对由于远处转移相关症状作为首发表现就诊的患者,诊断是一个非常大的挑战.视网膜转移作为肺鳞癌的首发症状极其罕见.本文回顾性分析了我院收治的一例肺鳞癌患者的诊治经过,以眼部症状为首发表现,基于临床表现、影像学检查和手术病理诊断,给予患者手术、化疗等多学科综合治疗,目前短期预后良好,随访观察中.我们总结了本病例诊疗过程的特点,为临床医生提供经验.同时复习肿瘤眼内转移的相关文献,为我们对于肺癌罕见表现的深入了解提供了一个窗口.     

15例以消化道症状首发肺癌的误诊分析

目的 探讨以消化道症状为首发表现肺癌的临床特点和误诊情况,以提高对本病的认识。方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2013年1月收治的15例以消化道症状为首发表现肺癌患者的临床资料。结果 15例以消化道症状为首发表现的肺癌患者中,恶心、呕吐7例,纳差、消瘦3例,进食哽噎2例,上腹痛2例,腹泻1例;其中9例合并顽固性低钠血症。误诊为急性胃炎7例,慢性胃炎3例,食管炎2例,消化性溃疡1例,胆石症1例,急性肠炎1例。确诊为小细胞肺癌8例,其中7例伴抗利尿激素异常分泌综合征（SIADH）,1例伴类癌综合征;肺鳞癌2例,伴纵隔淋巴结转移;肺腺癌5例,其中2例伴锁骨上淋巴结转移,2例伴SIADH,1例伴脑转移。结论 以消化道症状首发的肺癌临床上易误诊,临床医师要提高对此类情况认识,严谨检诊。     

Resection of lung metastasis from gallbladder carcinoma: immunohistochemistry of RCAS1 and CD8+T cells in primary and metastatic tumors

Advanced Gallbladder cancer has an extremely poor prognosis. We examined a patient with resectable gallbladder cancer with associated lung metastasis. A 64-year-old female patient, diagnosed with gallbladder cancer and a solitary benign lung tumor by imaging, was subjected to extensive cholecystectomy and extrahepatic bile duct resection. After one year, a follow-up CT indicated enlargement of the lung tumor; video-assisted right middle lobectomy was then performed. The lung tumor was diagnosed as a metastasis derived from the gallbladder cancer by pathology and immunohistochemistry. Expression of RCAS1, an independent unfavorable prognostic indicator in gallbladder cancer, was observed in both the gallbladder and lung tumors. However, infiltration of CD8+T cells was only seen in the lung metastatic tumor. She has remained free of any evidence of recurrence in the 10 months and 4 years after the first surgery. The results that metastasis is solitary and infiltrated by CD8+T cells correspond with the present clinical history.     

Carcinoma of lung with a solitary cerebral metastasis. Surgical management and review of the literature

During the years 1975 to 1980, 10 male patients and 1 female, with ages ranging between 40 to 61 years, underwent combined resection of primary lung cancer and solitary brain metastasis. In 8 patients the lung cancer was diagnosed and treated first. In those patients, craniotomy for removal of a solitary brain metastasis was carried out 8 to 60 months (mean, 27 months) after excision of the lung tumor. In 3 patients, brain metastasis was diagnosed and treated first and lung excision followed, 2 to 4 weeks after craniotomy. The most common histologic type of the tumor was adenocarcinoma (63.6%). There were no operative deaths. Three patients survived less than 6 months after surgery and were considered as a failure of surgical treatment. Seven patients lived longer than 1 year and three of them are still alive with a follow-up period between 2 to 3 1/2 years after both operations. One of the patients underwent recently successfully second brain intervention for removal of recurrent histologically identical solitary brain metastasis and is well. Our results and those reported in literature encourage the combined surgical removal of primary lung cancer and a solitary brain metastasis.     

The development of numerous radiation-induced cavernous malformations in a germ cell tumor patient: A case report

Radiation-induced cavernous malformations (RICMs) are most commonly reported in young patients who have previously received radiotherapy. Here, we report a case of a patient with a germ cell tumor who was treated with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and then incidentally found to have numerous RICMs. A 31-year-old male visited the hospital for a testicular mass. On examination, he was diagnosed with a mixed germ cell tumor with lung/brain metastases. The patient underwent a left orchiectomy and received 4 cycles of chemotherapy. He was then treated with WBRT for residual lesions in the brain and a wedge resection for the lung metastasis. Four years later, approximately 250-300 RICMs were incidentally observed in a follow-up brain image. Because the patient had not noticed any symptoms and the RICMs were small in size, he was not treated. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of numerous (approximately 250-300) RICMs in a germ cell tumor patient after WBRT. Herein, we report details of this case and discuss the typical clinical features of RICM.     

A case of long-term survival with stage IV small cell lung cancer and early-stage central-type squamous cell lung cancer treated by photodynamic therapy

The present report is on a 67-year-old man with stage IV small cell lung cancer and early-stage centrally located squamous cell cancer of the lung. He was diagnosed as small cell lung cancer with multiple metastasis to the ipsilateral lung and was found to have a central-type early-stage squamous cell cancer by bronchoscope. After obtaining a complete response to the small cell lung cancer with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy was applied to the squamous cell carcinoma, resulting in complete disappearance of the tumor. Recurrence of small cell cancer occurred at the ipsilateral lung and this patient died of small cell cancer 8 years after initiation of treatment. Post mortem examination confirmed complete disappearance of squamous cell cancer treated by photodynamic therapy. This is a rare case of long-term survival with stage IV small cell lung cancer and early-stage central-type squamous cell lung cancer successfully treated by photodynamic therapy.     

Docetaxel, gemcitabine, and cisplatin administered for non-small cell lung cancer during the first and second trimester of an unrecognized pregnancy

Although several chemotherapeutic agents have been proven to be safe for the fetus after the organogenesis period, there is limited information on their use during the first trimester of pregnancy. We here report the first case of a patient with lung cancer who was treated with platinum-based chemotherapy from the first trimester of an unrecognized pregnancy. A 35-year-old woman was diagnosed with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastasis. Since she recalled the date of her last menstrual period at about 20 days prior to consult, we did not consider the possibility of conception at the time of diagnosis. With an object of controlling the increased intracranial pressure, we initially performed a craniotomy with tumor removal, followed by whole brain irradiation. Without our knowledge of her pregnancy, she received a palliative chemotherapy with docetaxel and cisplatin followed by gemcitabine and cisplatin as the second-line chemotherapeutic agents between weeks 9 and 22 of gestation. Follow-up computed tomographic scans performed 2 months after the last chemotherapy showed a fetus in the patient's abdomen. Cesarean section was performed at 33 weeks of gestation, delivering a 1490 g female newborn with no evidence of congenital malformations.     

Polyuria and polydipsia in a patient with non-small-cell lung cancer

Tumor metastasis to the pituitary gland has been infrequently reported, and this is probably because only a small proportion of these patients are symptomatic. Most of the symptoms of this malady are related to diabetes insipidus. A 78-year-old man was diagnosed 2 years previously with stage IIIA adenocarcinoma of the lung and treated with sequential chemoradiation therapy and later with whole-brain radiation therapy because of newly developed brain metastasis; he was then admitted to our hospital with symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria. He was confirmed to have central diabetes insipidus that was caused by the pituitary metastasis from lung cancer. His symptoms resolved after treatment with desmopressin. Because of the rarity of this manifestation in lung cancer patients, we report on this case along with a brief review of the relevant literature.     

An operated case of metastasis to the small intestine from lung cancer

We report a rare case of a 68-year-old man with long-term survival after a surgical treatment of solitary metachronous small intestinal metastasis from lung cancer. He underwent a right upper lobectomy for primary lung adenocarcinoma. Thirty -four months after the operation, a tumor of small bowel was detected by computed tomography. The tumor was resected and diagnosed as a metastasis from lung cancer. Eighteen months after resection of metastasis, a tumor located at mesentery of the jejunum was pointed out. The tumor was resected and also diagnosed as a metastasis from lung cancer. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient is still alive without recurrence for 3 years after the last operation. We reviewed of 222 Japanese cases that underwent a resection of small intestinal metastasis from lung cancer. Although the prognosis was extremely poor for those who underwent a resection of the primary lung cancer and who had no remnant metastatic lesion at the time of metastasectomy, they seem to have a longer survival time.     

A case of lung cancer with skin metastases responding to erlotinib

The patient was a 67-year-old female with left lung adenocarcinoma T2N2M1(brain).She received systemic chemothera- py(cisplatin/docetaxel)and stereotactic radiosurgery.She showed a partial response and PET-CT evidenced no new metastasis. So she underwent left pneumonectomy(LtUt S6S8, adenocarcinoma mixed type pT2pN0).One month later, a small nodule appeared on the dorsal surface of her left hand.Excisional biopsy showed adenocarcinoma metastasis of lung cancer. Soon afterward, multiple skin nodules appeared and were diagnosed multiple skin metastases.Erlotinib was administered. After two weeks, skin metastases were reduced significantly, and she was treated with erlotinib on an outpatient basis for 5 months.This is, to our knowledge, the first case in which skin metastases of lung cancer responded to erlotinib.Our experience suggests erlotinib administration at an early treatment has fewer side effects in therapy for metastatic lung cancer.     

Late relapse of small cell lung cancer treated with radiation therapy alone — case report

This report describes an unusual case of a long-term survivor with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), treated with radiation therapy alone having a late relapse with solitary brain metastasis 6.5 years after the initial treatment. He received radiation therapy and died of the brain metastasis 8.5 years after the initial treatment. Autopsy revealed no tumor recurrence at the primary site and no distant metastases except for the brain. The histology of the brain tumor was small cell carcinoma.     

Analyses of the clinical characteristics of 49 cases of malignancy with multiple bone lesions as the first manifestation

Objective To investigate the clinical features of several cases of malignancy with multiple bone lesions as the first manifestation. Methods Forty-nine cases of malignancy with multiple bone lesions as the first manifestation were retrospectively analyzed from May 2018 to July 2019. All patients complained of "pain at the site of bone lesion" upon admission. Baseline patient information, such as age, gender, location of bone lesions, etiology, diagnosis method, time of onset was collected. Results The median age of the patients was 56 years old, of which 83.7％ (41/49) were aged ≥50 years. The median time of onset was 2 months. Among the cases, 40 were confirmed as solid tumor bone metastasis, whereas the remaining 9 cases as hematological system tumor. Lung cancer and multiple myeloma were the main tumor types, accounting for 40.8％ (20/49) and 16.3％ (8/49), respectively. Other common causes were seven cases of cancer affecting the digestive system (three cases of liver cancer, three cases of gastric cancer, and one case of esophageal cancer), as well as seven cases of unknown primary cancer. Half of the solid tumors had only multiple bone metastases but no other distant metastasis. Conclusion Multiple bone lesions accompanied by pain may be the first clinical manifestation in various malignant tumors. The common tumor types were lung cancer, multiple myeloma, and digestive system tumor. It is more common in people aged 50 years and older. Multiple bone lesions might be the only metastasis site of some solid tumors, and its mechanism needs further investigation.     

Small cell lung cancer with a brain metastasis controlled for 5 years: a case report

We report a case of small cell lung cancer whose initial presentation was a solitary brain metastasis. On chest radiography the primary tumor was unclear and only detected by bronchofiberscopy. A small single pulmonary metastasis was noted in the right lower lobe. Subtotal resection and external irradiation were applied to the brain tumor and external irradiation was applied to the lung. Concurrently one course of systemic chemotherapy was administered. The tumors in the brain and lung had disappeared by the end of the treatment. The patient has been alive and well for 5 years without recurrence.     

Coughing up – Small cell carcinoma lung with gingival metastasis

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is known for its metastatic potential. The most common sites are liver, adrenal, bone and brain. We report a case of a 37 year old female patient, diagnosed with SCLC, presenting with gingival metastasis, an unusual metastatic site. Radiation therapy to the metastatic lesion to a dose of 20 Gray in 5 fractions over 5 days was delivered which achieved haemostasis and good palliation. However, the patient expired in 2 months owing to systemic metastasis.     

Isolated metastasis of lung cancer to the thyroid gland

A 67-year-old man with lung cancer developed an isolated metastasis to the thyroid gland. The patient had undergone a right upper lobectomy, followed by chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin and etoposide based on post-surgical diagnosis of small cell lung cancer. Four years later, he had an isolated metastasis to the thyroid gland. The patient underwent a metastasectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy including cisplatin and irinotecan. The cancer cells in resected thyroid tumor had large nuclei and cytoplasm, and expressed the neuroendocrine markers, CD56 and chromogranin A. Retrospectively, the primary lung cancer consisted of both small cell and large cell cancer, and the latter was consistent with the pathological finding of the thyroid tumor. This is the first report to document an isolated recurrence of the lung cancer to the thyroid.     

肺癌合并眼部转移:单中心回顾性研究并文献综述

背景与目的 眼部转移(ocular metastasis)是肺癌少见转移之一,影响患者生活质量.本研究旨在探讨肺癌合并眼转移患者的临床特征及预后.方法 回顾性分析肺癌合并眼部转移9例患者的临床资料,回顾近10年文献报道共42例患者的临床特点.结果 9例患者的中位年龄为51岁(范围:41岁-61岁),其中7例诊断为非小细胞肺癌(包括腺癌6例);1例为小细胞肺癌;1例病理不详.眼转移部位方面,脉络膜8例,虹膜1例.文献回顾中,小细胞肺癌占21.4%(n=9),腺癌占47.6%(n=20),脉络膜是最常见的眼转移部位(66.7%,n=28).肺癌合并眼转移患者,系统化疗的疾病控制率仅为28%,联合眼部局部治疗可有效控制眼部症状.结论 肺癌合并眼部转移以肺腺癌多见,脉络膜转移是肺癌眼部转移的最常见转移部位.眼部局部治疗可控制局部症状,但系统性化疗疗效差.     

小细胞肺癌脑转移治疗进展

肺癌是呼吸系统发病率、死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,小细胞肺癌属于神经内分泌癌,侵袭性强、恶性程度高,易发生脑转移,严重影响患者生活质量及生存期。小细胞肺癌脑转移治疗方式有手术、化疗、放疗、靶向治疗和免疫治疗,治疗措施多,治疗效果差异大。随着各种诊断、治疗措施进展,小细胞肺癌脑转移治疗效果较前明显改善,对不同患者如何选择个体精准有效的临床治疗措施,延长脑转移患者生存时间,提高生活质量,是目前研究的热点之一。     

A male patient with metachronous triple cancers of small cell lung,prostate and breast

We present a very rare case of metachronous triple cancers, including small cell carcinoma of the lung, as well as prostate and male breast cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of its kind. A 64-year-old man was referred to our hospital with left nipple retraction. He had previously undergone lobectomy of the right lung as treatment for small cell lung cancer at 57 years of age, and at 61 years of age, he had undergone prostatectomy and bilateral orchiectomy for prostate cancer, histologically determined to be moderately or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Physical examination identified a painless irregular hard tumor in the left breast. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a nodular mass, and fine needle aspiration cytology of the mass revealed adenocarcinoma. Modified radical mastectomy was performed. Histological examination revealed that the breast tumor was scirrhous carcinoma, t1, n0, m0, stage T. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the prostate tumor was positive for prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and negative for estrogen receptor (ER), while the breast tumor was positive for ER and negative for PSA. Primary breast cancer was diagnosed. At present, 1 year and 8 months after surgical removal of the breast cancer, the patient has had no recurrence of breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, or prostate cancer. We discuss the possible causes of the triple cancers in this case with reference to the literature.     

Rapidly progressive primary adenocarcinoma of the lung with signet-ring cells responding to 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin: A case report

A 47-year-old female patient with a tumor mass in the left upper lung was admitted to our hospital. Needle biopsy of the tumor revealed signet-ring cell carcinoma, which is relatively rare in the lung. Since no other primary site was found, she was diagnosed with primary lung adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells. The primary tumor showed rapid growth. She was first treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of continuous 5-FU infusion, leucovorin, and CDDP. Although the size of the primary tumor was markedly diminished, a new metastatic lesion appeared after chemotherapy. Subsequent continuous 5-FU infusion and leucovorin without CDDP chemotherapy controlled aggressive growth of the primary tumor for several months. This case suggests that 5-FU should be included in the anticancer regimen for primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the lung.